莺歌海—琼东南盆地超压体系特征及油气成藏意义

莺歌海—琼东南盆地的超压体系广泛分布于凹陷中央及古隆起区。根据砂岩储层中异常超压形成特点划分为自源型、垂向传导型和侧向传导型超压体系。自源型超压体系主要是由于快速不均衡压实等原因所致。传导型超压体系是由于垂向或侧向上输导体与更高超压流体囊连通,通过超压流     

琼东南盆地断陷期层序地层模式

琼东南盆地断陷期指示了从陆相向滨海环境演化的完整序列,因而断陷期层序的形成和演化既受幕式裂陷作用控制,又受区域海平面变化的影响。盆地断陷期代表一个巨层序(或构造层序),由3个层序组和6个层序组成,其中层序组分别对应于断陷期3次构造幕,层序则与全球三级海甲面旋回吻合。层序内部体系域特征与幕式构造作用的演化阶段有关,根据沉积环境差异可以划分为冲积平原型和滨海湖盆型两种层序模式。在裂陷作用阶段,幕式构造作用是断陷盆地内层序形成和演化的主导因素,区域海平面变化仅相对加强或减弱构造作用的影响;而在裂后热沉降作用阶段,随着构造沉降作用减弱,海平面变化影响更显著,其层序样式与陆表海环境的层序相似。     

断裂带流体作用及动力学模型

越来越多的证据表明流体活动与断裂作用密切相关。断裂带流体活动不仅影响断裂发生、发展、封闭和断裂强度，而且影响到断裂带附近矿床的形成。断裂带活动为流体循环、水岩相互作用提供了必要条件，流体的再分配是断裂带中应力积累和释放的响应。流体压力和剪切压力的耦合变化影响断裂带摩擦作用中剪切强度的变化，进而控制断裂发生和停止。因此，断裂带流体活动的幕式变化指示了断裂活动事件或地震活动旋回。     

Depositional and Ecological Features of Permian Oxygen Deficient Deposits at Shangsi Section, Northeast Sichuan, China

Because oxygen deficient conditions enhance the preservation of depositional organic matter, analysis on paleooxygenation conditions of depositional environments becomes a routine work in evaluations of potential hydrocarbon source rocks. The article focuses on depositional and ecological features relating to oxygen deficient shelfal environments at the Shangsi (上寺) Section, as a part of multidiscipline collaboration to reevaluate the hydrocarbon potential of the Middle and Upper Permian, Guangyuan (广元), Northeast Sichuan (四川) Province. Icbnofabric Zoophycos, sepioilte-bearing limestones (SBL) were interpreted as indicators of dysaerobic environments. Laminated calcareous and/or siliceous mudstones with pelagic ammonites and radiolarians were believed to be the deposits of anaerobic environments. When rhythmic succession was considered, average strategy was adopted for the oxygenation explanation of a given intervaL The anaerobic condition in this Permian section was observed in the upper part of the latest Permian Dalong (大隆) Formation, in which siliceous mudstones with ammonite, radiolarians develop in association with lower U/Mo ratio, lower biomarker ratio of Pr/Ph, and the highest TOC content. The topmost Maokou (茅口) Formation, featured by thin-bedded calcareous and siliceous mudstones with ammonite, thin-shelled bivalves, and laminations would be deposits of the quasianaerobic condition. The middle part of the Members and Ⅲ of the Chihsia Formation is proposed to be dysaerobic condition as indicated by occurrences of SBL and ichnofabric features, with the Member Ⅲ being the severe dysaerobic condition.     

Assessment on Redox Conditions and Organic Burial of Siliciferous Sediments at the Latest Permian Dalong Formation in Shangsi, Sichuan, South China

The redox sensitive elements, molybdenum (Mo) and uranium (U), in marine sediments from the latest Permian Dalong (大隆) Formation at the Shangsi (上寺) Section, Northeast Siehuan (四川), South China, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine their response to a range of redox conditions, and to estimate the organic carbon burial rate. On the basis of the correlation between authigenic Mo abundance and organic carbon content in modern oceans, the organic carbon burial rates were calculated for the rocks at Dalong Formation, ranging from 0.48-125.83 mmol/(m2-d), which shows a larger range than the mineralization rate of organic carbon at the continental margins (1.6-4.23 mmol/(m2.d)). The Zr-normalized Mo and U abundances show large fluctuations in the entire section. The maxima of Zr-normalized Mo abundance and thus the maxima of the organic carbon burial rates were observed at the interval between the 155th and 156th beds (404-407 m above the base of Middle Permian). A decrease (the minimum) in U/Mo ratios is present in this interval. It is speculated that the oxygen-limited conditions and ultimately anoxia or euxinia may develop within this depth interval. In contrast, an enhanced enrichment of Zr-normallzed U abundance is found, in association with less enrichment in Zr-normnllzed Mo abundance in the interval from the I51st to 154th beds (395-404 m above the base of Middle Permian), inferring the dominance of a suboxic/anoxic depositional condition (denitrifying condition), or without free H2S. The presence of small quantities of dissolved oxygen may have caused the solubilization and loss of Mo from sediments. It is proposed that the multiple cycles of abrupt oxidation and reduction due to the upwelllng at this interval lead to the enhanced accumulation of authigenic U, but less enrichment of Mo. A decrease in the contents of U, Mo, and TOC is found above the 157th bed (407 m above the base of Middle Permian), in association with the enhanced U/Mo ratio, suggesting the overall oxic conditions at the end of the Dalong Formation.     

南海北部海底滑坡的特征、灾害评估和研究展望

海底滑坡及其触发的海啸是海洋地质灾害的重要组成部分。随着海洋工程设施及沿海地区人口及经济的快速增长,海洋地质灾害研究和评估变得越来越重要和紧迫。根据高精度地球物理资料(地震和多波束),在南海北部主要含油气盆地(珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地)中发现大量的海底滑坡。这些海底滑坡形成于上新世至第四纪,它们多以杂乱或空白的地震反射为特征,部分海底滑坡含有大量滑塌块体;这些海底滑坡的规模从数平方千米至上万平方千米不等。本文梳理了南海北部海底滑坡的特征;并对包括西沙隆起在内的海底滑坡所造成的直接灾害和次生灾害(海啸)进行初步评估;最后,指出了南海北部未来海底滑坡研究中需要解决并有望取得突破的主要科学(海底滑坡的成因机制)和实践(潜在海底滑坡及其触发海啸可能性)问题。     

碳酸盐岩中与古暴露面相关的成岩作用

碳酸盐岩沉积物记录了环境演变、古气候变迁以及后期成岩环境等重要的指示信息,同时碳酸盐岩也是重要的油气地
质储集体,因而受到人们的普遍关注。碳酸盐岩不整合暴露面通常发育3层结构:风化土壤层带、半风化岩石带、原岩带。相比而
言,半风化岩石带碳酸盐岩成岩作用比碎屑岩更为复杂,尤其是沉积物埋藏后的抬升,使之再次暴露,导致碳酸盐岩形成复杂的成
岩响应。系统总结了碳酸盐岩埋藏后的抬升暴露所形成的与古暴露面相关的成岩现象,分别从风化带古土壤、半风化带与暴露面
相关的成岩结核、古岩溶以及角砾岩化等方面阐述了与古暴露面相关的标志特征及其形成机制,从而为碳酸盐岩中古暴露面的识
别提供充足的地质依据。      

川西北二叠系茅口组海相优质烃源岩发育控制因素

中国南方茅口组地层为区域性烃源岩. 茅口组底部和顶部均发育硅质岩, 顶部地层残余有机碳高达10.90%, 其厚度16 m, 为优质烃源岩层, 而该组底部为差烃源岩.通过岩石学、碳同位素和微量元素分析, 表明华南川西北地区茅口期存在2期上升流, 分别发育于茅口组沉积早期和晚期; 上升流所带来的营养盐有利于生物的发育, 产生高的初级生产力.结合碳同位素资料, 发现茅口期古海洋生物产率呈现出高-低-高的变化过程, 而大气中CO₂含量变化也呈现高-低-高的变化过程.虽然茅口期底部为高初级生产力层段, 但是由于该沉积及早期成岩阶段为常氧环境, 不利于沉积有机质保存, 形成了差烃源岩, 而茅口组顶部沉积时期存在大的海侵事件, 海平面的上升导致厌氧环境形成, 沉积有机质大量保存下来, 形成优质烃源岩层段.该套烃源岩形成与发育主控因素分析是中国南方海相优质烃源岩分布预测和油气成藏研究的基础.      

超压盆地流体动力系统与油气运聚关系

流体动力系统是盆地流体分析中的核心问题。本文以莺歌海盆地和东营凹陷为例,分别探讨了泥-流体底辟型和盐底辟型盆地流体动力系统特征。研究表明,超压盆地内流体动力系统决定了不同成因流体流动的驱动机制和方询及流体域分布,进而控制油气运聚的全过程。