新疆西南天山超高压变质带的形成与演化

本文系统地总结了近年来有关新疆西南天山超高压变质带在野外地质产状、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学和年代学等方面研究取得的进展。根据野外地质产状特征,西南天山出露的榴辉岩可以分为三类:即在蓝片岩中呈透镜体的块状榴辉岩、保存有玄武岩岩枕的枕状榴辉岩和夹杂在大理岩中的条带状榴辉岩。详细的岩石学研究表明它们都经历过超高压变质作用,其变质作用演化经历了3个阶段:峰期榴辉岩阶段(560～600℃,4.95～5.07GPa)、主期榴辉岩阶段(598～496℃,25.72～26.66±1kbar)和退变绿帘石蓝片岩相阶段。地球化学研究显示其原岩相当于源于富集地幔的(ε_(Nd)-1.4～-0.4)具有 OIB 特点的变碱性玄武岩、源于亏损地幔的(ε_(Nd)= 6.7～ 7.4)具有 NMORB 特点的洋中脊玄武岩和源于较富集地幔的(ε_(Nd)=-2.5～ 3.2)具有 EMORB 特点的洋中脊玄武岩,它们形成于海山环境下的洋壳。榴辉岩中锆石 SHRIMP定年结果表明榴辉岩的原岩形成于石炭纪(>310Ma)之前,洋壳开始俯冲发生在二叠纪末(280～290Ma),高压一超高压变质发生在三叠纪(220～230Ma)。结合在其北侧低压麻粒岩带的发现,提出了新疆西南天山超高压变质带双变质带构造演化模式。     

青藏高原新近纪重大气候事件演化序列

综合分析青藏高原新近纪古气候研究的不同替代性指标,建立了高原新近纪重大气候事件的演变序列,探讨青藏高原隆升和全球重大气候事件的关系。青藏高原新近纪不同构造-地层区重大气候事件发生的时间与高原隆升事件基本吻合,说明高原隆升是青藏高原气候变化的主要因素,与全球气候变化事件既存在一致性,又存在差异性。早—中中新世青藏高原气候变化频繁,气候变冷期开始的年代早于全球约15Ma以来的降温期,说明早—中中新世高原隆升对全球变冷的贡献较大。晚中新世以来的气候事件与全球重要气候事件相吻合,说明青藏高原可能在晚中新世已经隆升到了一定高度,其对全球气候变化的影响较之前有所减弱。青藏高原气候变化除受到高原隆升影响外,亦受到全球气候变化的影响。     

A MODELING STUDY OF INHOMOGENEOUS COASTAL GALES ASSOCIATED WITH THE LANDFALL OF TYPHOON SOUDELOR (2015)

In this study, coastal gales and rainfall attributed to the landfall of Typhoon Soudelor (2015) are analyzed based on observational dense automatic weather stations data, advanced scatterometer-retrieved 10-m ocean surface wind data and simulations using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. This study focuses on gale bands in the right-front quadrant of the typhoon and associated coastal winds over Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces in China before the landfall of the typhoon. The results are summarized as follows. (1) 10-m surface wind data from automatic weather stations over land and islands, advanced scatterometer-retrieved 10-m ocean surface wind data, and the WRF simulation indicate similar mesoscale offshore gales. (2) The model simulation with a 333-m grid mesh indicates a gale zone over the right-front quadrant of the typhoon; the gale is “broken” over the coastal areas, and formed an inhomogeneous gale band. (3) The model-simulated winds agree well with the island observations. (4) Non-uniform gales over boundary layers result in horizontal wind-speed gradients and strong convergence that favors the development of convection and the maintenance of ocean surface gales.     

构造运动和气候变化对天山北麓奎屯河阶地发育的影响作用

奎屯河出天山后,强烈下切形成深达300m的河谷,在河谷两侧发育多级河流阶地.在遥感解译和野外测量的基础上,获得了河流阶地平面分布图和阶地位相图.根据奎屯河阶地的平面特征与剖面特征,将河流阶地由新到老分为T1,T2,T3,T4和T5等5组.前人用10Be测年数据认为T4阶地堆积于深海氧同位素(MIS)第2阶段,奎屯河强烈...     

岁月流金,王乃樑先生生平及北京大学地貌学与第四纪地质学的创立与发展北大核心CSCD

王乃樑（1916～1995）,北京大学教授,我国杰出的地貌学家和第四纪地质学家,长期担任中国地理学会常务理事、中国地理学会地貌专业委员会主任委员、中国第四纪研究委员会副主任委员等多项学术职务,1986年任国际地貌学家联合会执委会委员。王乃樑先生祖籍福建闽侯,早年随父迁居天津,就读于南开中学。1935年考入清华大学地质系,     

汾河流域地貌发育对构造运动和气候变化的响应

Tectonic movements and climate changes are two main controllers on the development of landfrorm.In order to reconstruct the history of the evolution of the landform in the Fenhe drainage basin during middle-late Quaternary comprehensively,this paper has provided a variety of geomorphological and geologic evidences to discuss how tetonic movements and climate changes worked together to influence the landform processes,According to the features of the lacustrine and alluvial terraces in this drainage basin,it is deduced that it was the three tectonic uplifts that resulted in the three great lake-regressions with an extent of about 40-60 m and the formation of the three lacustrine terraces.The times when the tectonic uplifts took place are 0.76 MaBP,0.55 MaBP and 0.13 MaBP respectively,synchronous with the formation of paleosol units S8,S5 and S1 respectively.During the intervals between two tectonic uplifts when tectonic movement was very weak ,climate changes played a major role in the evolution of the paleolakes and caused frequent fluctuations of lake levels.The changes of the features of lacustrine sediment in the grabens show the extent of such fluctuations of lake level is about 2-3m.     

山西南部1.2 Ma B.P.的地貌转型事件

研究山西南部柴庄剖面和杨范剖面上部的黄土地层的磁化率、古地磁、黄土古土壤序列,发现这两个剖面记录了发生于120×10⁴ a B.P.的由河流湖泊环境转变为黄土环境的转型事件。分析沉积环境和构造背景,认为这次事件是山西地堑系盆地间横向隆起发生强烈构造抬升的结果,可能与青藏高原的隆起对本地区的影响有关。