浙江近海大黄鱼含脂量的变化

脂肪是原生质的组成成分之一，也是能量代谢的重要原料。鱼类对栖息环境条件变化的适应及其本身的各个生命阶段新陈代谢的变化，必然在脂肪的代谢上有所反映。 把鱼类含脂量的变化，作为一项生态-生理学指标与鱼类的生物学状况和环境条件联系起来，在渔业生物学研究中应用，已经取得了一些成果。近20年来，许多学者已经证明，鱼类含脂量的变化与鱼类的行动、成活率和数量变化等有着密切的关系，也是饵料保障的较好指标。而有关大黄鱼含脂量变化的研究，则至今尚未见有报道。 本文主要对大黄鱼肌肉和肝的含脂量的个体变化与季节变化进行一些分析，并对肥满系数与含脂量的关系，大黄鱼合理捕捞期等问题做了初步讨论。这将对渔业资源的合理利用以及种群生态学的研究提供资料。     

东海、南海带鱼肌浆蛋白的地理变异及其分种问题的探讨

带鱼[Triciurus haumela(Forsk?l)]是我国海洋鱼类首要的捕捞对象,因而受到了我国和邻国渔业生物学研究者的极大重视。近20年来,已发表了相当一批论文报告。尽管如此,至今对中国近海带鱼的分类仍众说纷纭。以往从形态和生态角度进行的研究多认为,中国近海带鱼在同一种内有不同的种群;且分别认为存在三、四和五个种群。     

Genetic variation of natural and cultured stocks of Paralichthys olivaceus by allozyme and RAPD

Population genetics of the left-eyed flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, including natural and cultured stocks distributed in the coastal waters near Qingdao of eastern maritime China, was analyzed in allozyme and RAPD. The results showed that among total 29 gene loci of 15 isozymes, 9 and 7 were po- lymorphic in natural and cultured stocks, respectively. The status of genetic diversity in P. olivaceus is low in terms of polymorphic loci in chi-square test and genetic departure index of Hardy-Weinberg equi- librium. More alleles in IDHP, CAT, GDH and Ldh-C allozymes were found in the fish, which could be used as markers in assortive breeding and distinguishing stock, population or species evolution. Total 88 and 86 RAPD bands ranging from 200 to 2 500 bp were recognized individually in average of 7.8–8.0 bands per primer. The genetic diversity in cultured stock is lower than that in natural ones showing an ob- viously decreasing genetic divergence. Therefore, effective countermeasures must be taken to protect ge- netic resources of marine cultured fishes. The 2 markers have their own pros and cons. Combining the 2 markers to investigate the genetic variation of populations is suggested. The results provide basic data of this flounder and they are useful for studying genetic improvement and genetic resources of the fish.     

鲈鱼群体生化遗传学研究 Ⅰ.同工酶的生化遗传分析

于1994年9月－1995年12月，在青岛近海采集37尾鲈鱼的生化样品，采用淀粉胶和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶2种电泳分析，分析了LDH、MDH、MEP、IDHP、PGM、G3PDH、AK、CK、ADH、SDH、G6PDH、GDH、PGDH、CAT、MPI、EST、SOD等同工酶在鲈鱼眼睛、肌肉、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、鳃、胸鳍等7种组织或器官中的表达情况，并对同工酶表型进行了生化遗传分析，以期为其种质资源保护和开发，以及遗传育种等方面的研究提供基础资料。结果表明，17种同工酶由31个基因座位编码，其中Mep-1,Pgm-1,Sdh,Gdh,Pgdh,Mpi,Est-1,Est-4等8个基因座位为多态。多态座位比例为25．8％。     

5种海水鱼同工酶表达的组织特性及其电泳的初步分析

于１９９４年７－１２月，山东，福建省沿海采集真鲷、黑鲷、牙鲆、鲈和小黄鱼等５种黄６９２个生化样品，应用水平淀粉胶和垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法，对５种鱼的肌肉，眼睛、心脏、鳍，鳃、肾脏共７种组织的２３种同工酶进行了初步分析。     

鲈鱼群体生化遗传研究Ⅱ．种群生化遗传结构及变异

1995年6月－1996年5月分别在汕头及青岛收集共100尾鲈鱼生化样品，采用淀粉胶及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了鲈鱼17种同工酶，记录了31个基因座位，统计卫基因频率，结果表明，2群体间遗传相似度和遗传距离分别0．9920和0．0080，作者初步认为中国近海鲈鱼为1个种，分南，北2个种群，汕头种群多态座位比例为22．6％，青岛种群为25．8％，x^2检测表明，2个群体多态座位等位基因频率除汕头的Est-4外均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡，汕头与青岛种群平均杂合度分别为0．079和0．099，表明目前鲈鱼种质资源状况尚好，但当前捕捞鲈鱼苗的压力过大，应严格控制鲈鱼苗的捕捞，以免因滥捕仔稚幼鱼而导致资源衰竭。     

鲈鱼群体生化遗传学研究Ⅱ.种群生化遗传结构及变异

1995年6月—1996年5月分别在汕头及青岛收集共100尾鲈鱼生化样品，采用淀粉胶及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了鲈鱼17种同工酶，记录出31个基因座位，统计了基因频率。结果表明，2群体间遗传相似度和遗传距离分别为0.9920和0.0080。作者初步认为中国近海鲈鱼为1个种，分南、北2个种群。汕头种群多态座位比例为22.6%，青岛种群为25.8%。x2检验表明，2个群体多态座位等位基因频率除汕头的Est-4外均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。汕头与青岛种群平均杂合度分别为0.079和0.099，表明目前鲈鱼种质资源状况尚好，但当前捕捞鲈鱼苗的压力过大，应严格控制鲈鱼苗的捕捞，以免因滥捕仔稚幼鱼而导致资源衰竭。     

山东近海牙鲆同工酶的生化遗传分析

１９９６年５月,１９９７年１月、１２月和１９９８年４月在山东青荣成近海采集了１３１尾活牙鲆共７１０个生化样品,采用水平淀粉胶和垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,对牙鲆的２５种同工酶进行了分析。结果检测出ＬＤＨ、ＭＤＨ、ＭＥＰ、ＩＤＨＰ、Ｇ３ＰＤＨ、ＡＫ、ＣＫ、ＡＣＰ、ＰＧＭ、ＳＤＨ、ＡＤＨ、ＣＡＴ、ＳＯＤ、ＧＤＨ和ＧＰＩ等１５处同工酶在牙鲆眼睛、肌肉、心脏、肝脏、胸鳍和肾脏等６种组织或器官听表达情况,     

STUDIES ON THE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT AND PROPER CALCIUM/PHOSPHORUS RATIO IN THE DIET OF THE BLACK SEA BREAM(SPARUS MACROCEPHALUS)

An experiment on the phosphorus requirement and the proper Ca/P ratio in the diet of the black sea bream using the phosphorus gradient method (with casein as basic diet, sodium dihydrogen phosphate as source of phosphorus, and calcium lactate as source of calcium) showed that growth was greatly affected by the diet's phosphorus content and Ca/P ratio. Inadequate phosphorus in the diet resulted in slow growth and poor food conversion ratio (FCR). Analyses of the fish body showed it contained a high level of lipid but a low level of moisture, ash, calcium and phosphorus. The optimal values of phosphorus and Ca/P ratio in the black sea bream diet are 0.68% and 1:2 respectively. Phosphorus in excess of this optimum value resulted in slow growth or even death. The results of this experiment clearly indicated that phosphorus is the principal mineral additive affecting black sea bream growth.     

STUDIES ON THE OPTIMUM PROTEIN CONTENT AND THE RATIO OF ANIMAL TO PLANT PROTEIN IN THE DIET OF THE BLACK SEA BREAM(SPARUS MACROCEPHALUS)

An experiment on the optimum dietary protein content for the black sea bream using semi-purified dietsshowed the optimum content is 50.19% by weight as inferred from the growth rate and food consumptionof the fish. Another experiment on the proper ratio of animal to plant protein in its diet using sandeel as theanimal protein source and peanut cake meal as plant protein source showed that the ratio had great ef-fect on its growth and should be 1.00:0.89—0.96 as judged from the growth rate and food consumptionof the fish.