Nutrient fluxes in the Changjiang River estuary and adjacent waters——a modified box model approach

To solve nutrient flux and budget among waters with distinct salinity difference for water-saltnutrient budget,a traditional method is to build a stoichiometrically linked steady state model.However,the traditional way cannot cope appropriately with those without distinct salinity difference that parallel to coastline or in a complex current system,as the results would be highly affected by box division in time and space,such as the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary(CRE) and adjacent waters(30.75°-31.75°N,122°10′-123°20′E).Therefore,we developed a hydrodynamic box model based on the traditional way and the regional oceanic modeling system model(ROMS).Using data from four cruises in 2005,horizontal,vertical and boundary nutrient fluxes were calculated in the hydrodynamic box model,in which flux fields and the major controlling factors were studied.Results show that the nutrient flux varied greatly in season and space.Water flux outweighs the nutrient concentration in horizontal flux,and upwelling flux outweighs upward diffusion flux in vertical direction(upwelling flux and upward diffusion flux regions overlap largely all the year).Vertical flux in spring and summer are much greater than that in autumn and winter.The maximum vertical flux for DIP(dissolved inorganic phosphate) occurs in summer.Additional to the fluxes of the Changjiang River discharge,coastal currents,the Taiwan Warm Current,and the upwelling,nutrient flux inflow from the southern Yellow Sea and outflow southward are found crucial to nutrient budgets of the study area.Horizontal nutrient flux is controlled by physical dilution and confined to coastal waters with a little into the open seas.The study area acts as a conveyer transferring nutrients from the Yellow Sea to the East China Sea in the whole year.In addition,vertical nutrient flux in spring and summer is a main source of DIP.Therefore,the hydrodynamic ROMS-based box model is superior to the traditional one in estimating nutrient fluxes in a complicated hydrodynamic current system and provides a modified box model approach to material flux research.     

柳州市某深基坑工程变形监测方案设计及数据分析

为了确保高层建筑的安全,基坑支护工程中的变形监测工作越发重要。本文结合工程实例,介绍了深基坑支护工程中的变形监测方案设计,并对变形监测的结果进行了数据处理分析与预报,得到了较满意的结果。     

海洋渔业卫星遥感的研究应用及发展

卫星遥感技术在海洋渔业领域已得到广泛的应用。本文根据收集到文献资料 ,着重分析了海洋环境要素与鱼类行为之间的关系 ,概括了卫星遥感技术在海洋渔场环境分析与渔业捕捞研究中的应用现状与发展 ,介绍了国际上海洋渔业应用的主要遥感卫星平台及其特征 ,并综述了世界上主要渔业发达国家如美国、日本以及其它国家和我国利用卫星遥感技术在海洋渔场环境分析及渔情速、预报服务领域中的研究应用与进展。     

豫西满子营花岗岩体地球化学、年代学研究及其地质意义

豫陕交界处的东秦岭是秦岭造山带最为复杂的地带,它经历了新元古代、加里东-海西和印支期强烈构造热事件的改造和造山作用,并在北秦岭造山带留下了很好的物质记录,特别是侵入于这些变质杂岩中的不同时期、不同成因类型的花岗岩体代表了秦岭造山带不同构造演化阶段和造山作用的产物,对它们的研究可以有效反演和限定秦岭造山带不同时期的构造演化和动力学过程.     

东海春季赤潮过程中优势种的演替:生物-物理耦合数值模拟

In the East China Sea(ECS), the succession of causative species responsible for blooms is a recurrent phenomenon during the spring, which changes from diatoms to dinoflagellates. Observations from space and in situ cruises captured this pattern of succession during spring of 2005. In this study, we coupled two biological models, which were developed previously for Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum donghaiense,into a circulation model tailored for the ECS. The coupled biophysical model was used to hindcast the blooms and to test the hypothesis proposed in earlier studies that phosphate(PO4 3–) is the first-order decider of the succession. The coupled model successfully reproduced the hydrodynamics(as described in a companion paper by Sun et al.(1), the spatiotemporal distribution of the chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration, and the species succession reasonably well. By analyzing the effects of different factors on the surface Chl a distribution, we confirmed that the offshore boundaries of the blooms were confined by PO4 3–. In addition, we suggest that surface wind fields may modulate the horizontal distribution of blooms. Thus, during the dispersal of blooms, surface winds coupled with PO4 3– may control the succession of blooms in the ECS. The proposed coupled model provides a benchmark to facilitate future improvements by including more size classes for organisms, multiple nutrient schemes, and additional processes.     

我国近海渔场台风状况及其对渔船作业的影响分析

根据2009-2013年台风数据分析了我国近海渔场遭遇台风情况,结果显示5年内全国52个渔场中有47个遭遇过台风,总数为337次,中沙东部渔场台风数高达27次,占总数的8%,属于渔场中遭遇台风的热点区域,同时选出了中沙东部渔场、北部湾南部及海南岛西南部渔场、东沙渔场、海南岛东南部渔场、江外渔场、闽东渔场等19个遭遇台风次数和频率较高的典型台风渔场。以宁波市象山县渔船为例,研究其主要作业渔场以及台风过程对作业的影响,结果表明象山县渔船主要作业渔场有6个,其中舟外渔场、鱼外渔场和江外渔场属于全国典型台风渔场,且渔船回港避风与台风逼近过程有明显的同步性。较其它渔船险情,台风险情造成的生命和财产安全问题更加危急和严重,对此提出了几个建议:(1)培养渔民合法、安全和科学的捕捞意识;(2)推进船用通讯设备的安装和使用;(3)开发实时船用台风预警系统;(4)完善救援体系,鼓励和支持渔船互助组间的帮助和救援行为。     

卫星遥感海面高度数据在渔场分析中的应用综述

通过对卫星测高数据进行分析,结合国内外有关海面高度数据在海洋渔场分析方面应用的文献,着重分析了海面高 度数据与常规海洋外界环境因子之间的关系,概括了海面高度数据对海洋渔场资源变化的影响,并综述了西方渔业发达国家 利用测高数据采用直接和间接方法在海洋渔场环境分析及渔情预报方面的研究应用与进展,最后指出我国海面高度数据在渔 场分析方面的应用现状以及存在的问题,并基于国外情况,对我国今后使用卫星测高数据在渔场方面的应用研究提出了几点 建议。     

豫西二郎坪满子营花岗岩体地球化学及年代学研究

对出露于豫西西峡县北部二郎坪地区的满子营花岗岩体进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,重点讨论了该岩体的成因。满子营花岗岩主要由石英(40%～50%)、钾长石(25%～30%)和斜长石(15%～20%)组成,副矿物有锆石、磷灰石、磁铁矿等。地球化学分析显示,岩石总体呈高硅、富碱、高钾、高铝和低镁、低钙的特征,K2O/Na2O1,里特曼指数σ为1.81～2.39,属高钾钙碱性系列。岩石的铝饱和指数(A/CNK)大于1.1,具有过铝质S型花岗岩的特征。稀土配分模式为右倾V"字形态,轻重稀土分馏明显,(La/Yb)N=4.63～32.27,具有较强的负铕异常(δEu=0.38～0.63);在洋脊花岗岩标准化蛛网图上,岩石明显富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素(HFSE),兼具同碰撞和岛弧花岗岩的特征。锆石的LA-ICP-MS原位定年获得花岗岩的结晶年龄为459.5±0.9Ma。根据满子营花岗岩与二郎坪火山岩时、空分布的一致性和岩体性质上的相似性,认为满子营花岗岩的形成与二郎坪岛弧火山岩的形成有关,是由板块俯冲所导致的活动陆缘上陆壳物质部分熔融的产物。     

西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场叶绿素a分布及其与渔场的关系

根据收集到的2000-2007年我国各渔业企业生产数据和卫星获取的叶绿素a浓度环境数据,分析了西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场的叶绿素a与渔场的分布特点及二者之间的关系.研究表明,近8a西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼中心渔场均位于58°W～61°W、44S°～46°S海域,1～5月渔荻量随月份的推移呈现季节性周期变化趋势,3月是渔汛...     

基于朴素贝叶斯的西北太平洋柔鱼渔场预报模型的建立

西北太平洋是中国进行柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)捕捞生产的重要海区,准确预报渔场出现的位置对提高渔业捕捞产量、节省燃油有重要的意义。本研究利用2002—2011年中国在该海域的历史产量数据、渔场时空数据以及包括海表温度、叶绿素浓度a、表温梯度强度和叶绿素梯度强度在内的海洋环境数据,基于朴素贝叶斯方法,建立了西北太平洋柔鱼渔场的预报模型。为满足朴素贝叶斯方法对条件独立性的假设,利用独立成份分析,重新获得相互独立的属性变量。通过求Cohen′s Kappa系数最大值的方法,确定3种CPUE类型的先验概率,建立可用于渔场预报的朴素贝叶斯预报模型。作为实际验证,将2012年7~11月我国柔鱼渔船在西北太平洋实际生产数据与预报的高CPUE渔场位置进行叠加,平均综合预报精度达到69.9%,表明该模型对西北太平洋渔场的预报具有较好效果和可行性。