司家营（南）区大贾庄铁矿复杂地层深孔钻探技术

总结了滦县司家营（南区）铁矿大贾庄矿段复杂地层深孔钻探施工技术经验,着重分析了厚覆盖层和破碎漏失、坚硬＂打滑＂地层的钻进方法,同时介绍了保证复杂地层岩心采取率及控制钻孔弯曲超差偏离勘探线的技术措施。通过大贾庄矿段深部钻探施工,提出了千米以深钻孔复杂地层的钻探施工技术措施和保证钻探施工质量应注意的事项及措施。     

小麦耐盐细胞系的筛选及其抗氧化能力分析

通过逐级提高氯化钠浓度的筛选方法获得了小麦耐盐细胞系。与对照细胞系相比 ,耐盐细胞系在盐分胁迫下能维持较高的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性 ,同时具有较强的脂溶性抗氧化能力。说明在细胞水平上小麦对盐分耐受力的高低与其抗氧化能力的强弱密切相关。     

改性粘土对硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)生长的影响

本文以硬壳蛤(Mercenariamercenaria)为研究对象,开展了两种类型改性粘土(聚合氯化铝改性粘土MCⅠ,硫酸铝改性粘土MCⅡ)对其急性、亚急性毒性实验。96h急性毒性实验结果显示,MCⅠ和MCⅡ对小规格硬壳蛤[壳长(1.98±0.05)mm,壳高(1.75±0.04)mm]的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为4.91和1.85g/L,对大规格硬壳蛤[壳长(5.70±0.15)mm,壳高(5.09±0.13)mm]的LC_(50)分别为5.77和3.40g/L。亚急性毒性实验结果表明:浓度低于1.0g/L的MCⅠ和MCⅡ未对两种规格硬壳蛤的存活产生影响;硬壳蛤滤水率随改性粘土用量增加而降低,其中0.1g/L的MCⅠ和MCⅡ对两种规格硬壳蛤滤水率无影响, 0.5g/L的MCⅡ对两种规格硬壳蛤滤水率均有显著影响(P0.05),而MCⅠ仅对小规格硬壳蛤滤水率有影响;当改性粘土浓度升高至1.0g/L,两种规格硬壳蛤的滤水率均显著低于对照(P0.05)。生长率的结果显示,仅1.0g/L的MCⅠ和MCⅡ显著影响小规格硬壳蛤生长。多年的应用结果表明,现场能有效消除有害赤潮藻华的改性粘土用量为4—10t/km~2,低于本实验中对硬壳蛤产生影响的改性粘土浓度。另外,我国近海实际养殖过程中投放的硬壳蛤通常为1cm左右,大于本研究中的硬壳蛤规格。据此可以推断,改性粘土在现场治理藻华的同时不会对其存活和生长产生不良影响。本研究结果将为改性粘土在近海养殖水域的应用提供科学依据。     

南极冰藻Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L过氧化氢酶的热胁迫响应

为了研究南极冰藻的热胁迫应答机制，本文根据转录组测序得到的冰藻Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L过氧化氢酶CiCAT基因分析了其编码蛋白的特征，同时研究了CiCAT基因表达和过氧化氢酶活性在培养温度升高时的响应变化情况。结果表明:CiCAT基因序列全长为2 066 bp，编码492个氨基酸。在过氧化氢酶的系统进化树中，南极冰藻与其他绿藻聚类为一个分支。CiCAT编码的蛋白序列与盐藻和红球藻的过氧化氢酶序列相似性较高，分别为80.5%和78.9%。当南极冰藻处于热胁迫条件下，CiCAT基因的相对表达量和过氧化氢酶活均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势，但在胁迫24 h时CiCAT基因的表达量变化不明显，而实验组的酶活显著高于对照组。在胁迫72 h时，基因表达量和酶活均达到最高值。研究初步表明，与在常温藻类和高等植物中的功能相似，在经受热胁迫的情况下，南极冰藻中的抗氧化酶系统也发挥着重要作用。     

Effects of elevated pCO_2 on physiological performance of marine microalgae Dunaliella salina(Chlorophyta,Chlorophyceae)

The present study was conducted to determine the ef fects of elevated pCO_2 on growth, photosynthesis, dark respiration and inorganic carbon acquisition in the marine microalga D unaliella salina. To accomplish this, D. salina was incubated in semi-continuous cultures under present-day CO_2 levels(390 μatm, p HN BS : 8.10), predicted year 2100 CO_2 levels(1 000 μatm, p HN BS : 7.78) and predicted year 2300 CO_2 levels(2 000 μatm, p H NBS : 7.49). Elevated pCO_2 significantly enhanced photosynthesis(in terms of gross photosynthetic O_2 evolution, ef fective quantum yield(ΔF/F' m), photosynthetic efficiency( α), maximum relative electron transport rate(r ETRm ax) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco) activity) and dark respiration of D. salina, but had insignificant effects on growth. The photosynthetic O_2 evolution of D. salina was significantly inhibited by the inhibitors acetazolamide(AZ), ethoxyzolamide(EZ) and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate(DIDS), indicating that D. salina is capable of acquiring HCO ˉ 3 via extracellular carbonic anhydrase and anion-exchange proteins. Furthermore, the lower inhibition of the photosynthetic O2 evolution at high pCO_2 levels by AZ, EZ and DIDS and the decreased carbonic anhydrase showed that carbon concentrating mechanisms were down-regulated at high pCO_2. In conclusion, our results show that photosynthesis, dark respiration and CCMs will be af fected by the increased pCO_2/low p H conditions predicted for the future, but that the responses of D. salina to high pCO_2/low p H might be modulated by other environmental factors such as light, nutrients and temperature. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the interactive eff ects of pCO_2, temperature, light and nutrients on marine microalgae.     

Salicylic acid and heat acclimation pretreatment protects Laminaria japonica sporophyte (Phaeophyceae) from heat stress

Possible mediatory roles of heat acclimation and salicylic acid in protecting the sporophyte of marine macroalga Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae) from heat stress were studied. Heat stress resulted in oxidative injury in the kelp blades. Under heat stress significant accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malonaldehyde (MDA), a membrane lipid peroxidation product, and a drastic decrease in chlorophyll a content were recorded. Activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system was drastically affected by heat stress. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly increased while peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were greatly inhibited and, simultaneously, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was activated while polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was inhibited. Both heat acclimation pretreatment and exogenous application of salicylic acid alleviated oxidative damage in kelp blades. Blades receiving heat acclimation pretreatment and exogenous salicylic acid prior to heat stress exhibited a reduced increase in H₂O₂ and MDA content, and a lower reduction in chlorophyll a content. Pretreatment with heat acclimation and salicylic acid elevated activities of SOD, POD, CAT, GPX and PPO. Considering these results collectively, we speculate that the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes is a possible cause of the heat-stress-induced oxidative stress in L. japonica, and enhanced thermotolerance may be associated, at least in part, with the elevated activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system.     

巴丹吉林沙漠南缘土壤微量元素含量及其与植物群落的关系

对巴丹吉林沙漠南缘北大山（A）和雅布赖山（B）附近的土壤微量元素含量分布特征及其对植被分布的影响进行了研究。结果表明：土壤微量元素含量在0~20cm和20~40cm土层间差异不显著,而在研究区A和B之间的分布异质程度较高;0~20cm土层中,Ba、Ce含量与灌木层多样性指数的关系显著,Ni、Cu、Ga、As、Rb、Pb含量与草本层多样性指数显著相关;20~40cm土层中只有Cu与草本层丰富度指数具有显著负相关关系;逐步多元回归分析同样证实了0~20cm土层Ba、Ce含量对灌木层植被的影响及Ni、Cu含量对草本层植被的影响。     

Seasonal variations in the phytoplankton community and the relationship between environmental factors of the sea around Xiaoheishan Island in China

Seasonal variations in the phytoplankton community and the relationship between environmental factors of the sea area around Xiaoheishan Island are investigated in the present study. Xiaoheishan Island is located at 37°58′14″N and 120°38′46″E in Shandong Province, China. A total of 65 species of phytoplankton belonging to three phyla and 27 genera were identified, with Bacillariophyta having the largest number of species. The annual average chlorophyll a concentration for this area was 3.11 μg/L, and there occurs a Skeletonema costatum bloom in winter. The Shannon-Weaver indexes(log_2) of the phytoplankton from all stations were higher than 1, and the Pielou indexes were all higher than 0.3. The results of the canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) indicated that water temperature, PO_4~(3ˉ) and Cu were the environmental factors that had the greatest influence on the distribution of the phytoplankton community throughout the entire year. Although the concentration of heavy metal is well up to the state standards of the first grade of China(GB 3097-1997), these metals still have an impact on the phytoplankton community from this area.