天然Ⅱ型CaCO3矿物的发现

本文报道了天然Ⅱ型CaCO₃ 矿物。该矿物发现于海洋表层沉积物,成分与方解石、文石及六方球方解石相同,但结构完全不同,它们共同组成了天然CaCO₃ 的同质多象变体。天然Ⅱ型CaCO₃ 矿物的空间群为P21/c,单位轴长为a₀= 0.6290±0.0002 nm,b₀= 0.4934±0.0002 nm,c₀= 0.7979±0.0003nm,β= 107.571°±0.002°,Z= 4,单胞体积为0.23605±0.1749nm³;理论密度为2.82 g/cm³,实测值为2.76 g/cm³;实测硬度H= 4.天然Ⅱ型CaCO₃ 矿物是在深水环境中较高静水压力下形成的珊瑚体生物矿物。     

Element Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of High—K Potassic Dike Rocks in Two Types of Gold Ore Fields in Northwest Jiaodong,Shandong,China

This paper deals with the high-K,potassic dike rocks in two types of gold ore fields at Linglong and Dayigezhuang,Northwest Jiaodong.The rocks can be divided into three types.i.e.,(1) lamprophyre,(2) andesite porphyrite,and (3) dacite porphyrite,based on their geological occurrence and space-time relationship with gold mineralization.These rocks were the products of early,synchronous and late mineralization.respectively,Element geochemistry shows that variations in chemical composition of major oxides follow the general rules of magmatic fractional crystallization.The fractional crystallization of mineral phases of augite in the early stage(namely in the lamprophyre stage)and hornblende and plagioclase in the late stge(namely from the andesite-porphyrite to dacite porphyrite stage)controlled the magma evolution.The rocks are enriched in alkili and have higher K2O and lower TiO2 contents,as well as strongly enriched in large ion lithophile elements such as Ba,Sr and Rb,and LREE but strongly depleted in transition elements such as Cr and Ni,Rb is depleted relative to Sr and Ba,and Rb/Sr ratios are low.Volatile constituents are abundant.These characteristics indicate that the initial magma originated from the metamorphic subduction ocean-crust that had been intensively contaminated by crustal materials,and retrogressive metamorphism is characterized by low-degree partial melting during back-arc spreading,Varying degrees of partial melting and different emplacement enviornments may be the main causes for the evolution of the rocks and mineralization in different degrees in the two gold ore fields at Linglong and Dayigezhuang,Shandong.     

南海北部琼东南盆地冷泉区表层沉积物微量元素的分析及其对甲烷渗漏的指示

Recent studies have shown that specific geochemical characteristics of sediments can be used to reconstruct past methane seepage events. In this work, the correlation between the Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of sediment samples is analyzed and the sulfate concentration profile in Site C14 from cold-seep sediments in the Qiongdongnan Basin in northern South China Sea is obtained. The results confirmed that, sulfate at 0–247 cm below sea floor(Unit I) is mainly consumed by organic matter sulfate reduction(OSR), while sulfate at 247–655 cm(Unit II) is consumed by both the OSR and the anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM). In addition, the bottom sediment layer is affected by weak methane seepage. The Mo and U enrichment factors also exhibit similar trends in their respective depth profiles. The responses of trace elements, including Co/Al, Ni/Al, Cr/Al and Zn/Al ratios to methane seepage allowed the study of depositional conditions and methane seepage events. Based on the results, it is speculated that the depositional conditions of Unit II changed with depth from moderate conditions of sulfidic and oxic conditions to locally anoxic conditions, and finally to suboxic conditions due to methane fluid leakage. The stable isotope values of chromium-reducible sulfide produced by AOM and those of sulfide formed by OSR in the early diagenetic environment suffered serious depletion of 34 S. This was probably due to weak methane leakage, which caused the slower upward diffusion and the effect of early diagenesis on the samples. It is necessary to consider the effects of depositional environments and diagenesis on these geochemical parameters.     

浙江陈蔡群两类斜长角闪岩的地球化学及原岩构造环境

浙江陈蔡群两类斜长角闪岩的地球化学及原岩构造环境叶瑛，兰玉琦，沈忠悦（浙江大学地球科学系，杭州３１００２７）关键词陈蔡群、斜长角闪岩、地球化学、构造环境陈蔡群系指出露于浙江绍兴—江山断裂和余姚—丽水断裂之间的深变质岩类（浙江省区调队，１９７５）。有些...     

地体构造对金区域成矿的重要意义

地体构造学是板块构造的发展和初充，几乎所有的地台（克拉通），造山带，大陆板块皆是由独立的地体所构成。相邻地体可由地质特征和区域成矿规律上的不同及边界断裂来鉴别。近二十年来，对于金等矿床区域成矿规律的研究，发现华北地台（NCP）和中国东部造山带中金矿的分布与地体构造密切相关。富金地体与盆金地体有明显不同，它们在基底的组成，岩浆作用，交代蚀变作用，构造环境和演化历史方面形成明显的对照。富金地体经常位于地台的边缘与造山带相邻以及位于A型或B型储冲带的上盘，在结晶基底中常有两绿岩带，多时期花岗岩和富挥发分，富大离子亲石元素和富Au的煌斑岩广泛分布。贫金地体常与此相反。     

中生代苏—鲁活动大陆边缘榴辉岩、煌斑岩、金矿及富集地幔间的成因联系

海西期末形成的初始欧亚板块，从三叠纪（250Ma)开始，便与古太平洋板块－太平洋板块发生强烈的挤压碰撞作用和俯冲作用，及由此引起的远距离效应使中国广大的东部地区从中生代开始成为活动大陆边缘，俯冲作用及构造环境的演化是控制胶东地体等大多数中生代榴0辉岩等变质岩类，花岗岩类，火山岩类，煌斑岩类以及金等矿床形成和使它们出露地表的重要因素，胶东地体中富钾的钙－碱性煌斑岩类的特征与其它活动大陆边缘和造山带中金矿有关的煌斑岩很相似，例如呈脉状产出，晚期侵位，强烈的自变质，富含大离子亲石元素（LILE）和挥发分，高的金含量，高的LREE／HREE和^87Sr/^86Sr比值，低的^143Nd/^144Nd比值，与花岗岩类，橄榄安粗岩，酸性脉岩以及热液金矿床的密切共生及它们这间与富集地幔楔的成因联系等，这些都表明它们与板块或板片俯冲过程中的去气，去碱，去ILE作用或壳－幔物质交换作用及由此形成的富集地幔楔有着紧密的联系。     

东太平洋表层沉积物中热水矿物组合的发现及其意义

对东太平洋表层沉积物的扫描电镜观察表明，样品中除陆源碎屑和生物壳体外，存在着一组特征性的石英－钠长石－重晶石自生矿物组合。它们均呈完好自形晶，显然未经历过明显的搬运，都是原地形成的自生矿物。X射线衍射分析进一步确认了这组矿物的存在。迄今为止自生钠长石主要见于埋深较大的储层砂岩，其结晶温度不低于70℃，是一种典型的热水成因矿物，而同样完整晶形的重晶石曾在加利福尼亚湾Guaymas盆地被发现，并被确认属热水成因。作者据此认为，存在于东太平洋表层沉积物中的自生石英－钠长石－重晶石属于热水矿物组合。这意味着在远离洋中脊的大洋盆地亦有一定规模的热水活动，它对深海成矿作用和全球环境，尤其是长周期气候变化等的影响值得重视。     

X-射线荧光光谱法定量分析海山富钴结壳中MnO2与MnO的含量之比值

通过普通X-射线荧光光谱仪,结合PeakFit谱峰处理软件,对不同比例的MnO和MnO₂的混合样品的K_β谱峰参数进行了研究,用数学方法将实测的谱峰分解为各个单一的谱峰参数(峰位、峰高、半高宽、子峰面积),找出了各个谱峰参数与不同价态锰的含量之间的关系,并据此确定了中太平洋海山区大量富钴结壳样品中不同价态锰的相对含量.分析结果显示,富钴结壳中+4价锰从核心向外有增高的趋势,可以认为这与该区第三纪以来南极底流活动的增强有关.     

Integration of Real-Time Chemical Sensors for Deep Sea Research

There is a great demand for in-situ real-time chemical sensors in the oceanographic research, to measure the chemical components under the deep sea. The ISE (Ion Selective Electrode) is commonly used as a detecting part of deep-sea electro-chemical sensors. The paper highlights the solidification and micromation of the working and reference electrodes. The sensors of pH and H2S with a thermal probe are accomphshed after the solution of configuration of electrodes and signal processing. The sensor system has been tested successfully in the cruise of DY105-12, 14 sponsored by China Ocean Mineral Research and Exploitation Association(COMRA).     

普通X射线荧光光谱法用于中太平洋富钴结壳中锰价态的定量分析

应用普通X射线荧光光谱仪，结合PeakFit谱峰处理软件，对不同比例的MnO和MnO2的人工混合样品的谱峰参数进行了研究，用数学方法将实测的谱峰分解为各个单一的谱峰参数（峰位、峰高、半高宽、子峰积分面积），找出了各个谱峰参数与不同价态锰含量之间的关系，并据此确定了中太平洋海山区大量富钴结壳样品中Mn^4＋的相对含量，主要集中在80％～100％。总结了富钴结壳中中层和表层Mn^4＋的含量高、核心层Mn^4＋的含量低的变化规律．认为这与该区第四纪以来南极底流活动的增强有关。