中国居民食物消费碳排放时空演变趋势及其驱动机制分析

食物生产是影响温室效应气体排放的重要方面,由于食物类型不同其碳排强度存在较大的差异,因此当前中国居民食物消费快速演替必然会对生态碳环境产生重要影响。论文利用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数,研究1997—2016年中国城乡居民食物消费在生产过程中碳排放时空演变及其主要驱动因子。主要结论如下：① 在数量上,中国居民食物消费碳排放总量和人均量整体都呈现逐渐的增长刚性,但仍属于低碳消费模式;② 在结构上,各类型食物碳排放演变呈现显著的分异态势,整体上动物性食物碳排放增长速度快于植物性食物碳排放减少速度;③ 在城乡差异上,城镇和乡村居民食物消费碳排放在数量、结构和趋势上表现出显著的城乡二元属性,但近年城乡差异表现出减缓趋势;④ 在空间上,各地食物消费碳排放呈现较显著的民族性、地域性、集聚性和中心“塌陷”的特征,碳排放密度高值主要分布在直辖市和沿海经济相对发达地区;⑤ 在驱动力上,结构演替是全国居民食物消费碳排放总量整体变化的主要驱动因素,而人口数量是各地地域空间差异分布的主要驱动因子。     

Positive effect of porphyrans on the lifespan and vitality of Drosophila melanogaster

The effects of degraded porphyran (P1) and natural porphyran (P) on the lifespan and vitality of Drosophila melanogaster are studied. The porphyrans, added daily to the food medium at 0.2% and 1% concentrations, can significantly increase the lifespan in average of 55.79 and 58.23 d in 0.2% P1 diet females and 1% P1 diet males, extending by 12.29% and 8.60% over the corresponding controls, respectively. The effects of porphyrans on D. melanogaster in heat-stress condition were also examined, and found a remarkable increase in survival time. The results which are consistently associated with the use of porphyrans are related to their free radical scavenger action. Considerable increase in vitality demonstrated that vitalities of middle-aged fly (assessed by measuring their mating capacity) was observed after porphyrans addition. Therefore, porphyrans are effective in reducing the rate of aging, and P1 in low molecular weight is better than natural P.     

基于POI数据的长沙市生活性服务业空间格局研究

生活性服务业是服务经济的重要组成部分，其合理布局对发展城市经济、满足居民消费需求具有重要作用。基于长沙市六区POI数据，运用核密度分析、熵指数、频数密度分析及空间聚类等方法研究长沙市生活性服务业的空间格局特征，发现长沙市生活性服务业的分布具有以下特点：1）主要受交通及城市规划指向性影响，沿交通主干道集聚分布，整体布局呈“一核四轴多极”且空间分布与人口集中度联系紧密，东西差异明显，东部多而密集、西部少而分散；2）不同类型的生活性服务业分布特征各异，在空间形态上主要表现为“单核心”、“双核心”和“多核心”等；3）其功能多样性布局呈现以五一广场为核心的“中心-外围”结构特征，功能多样且混合程度高的区域位于城市中心，城市边缘区生活性服务业集聚性较弱且多为单一功能或者双功能混合区。     

基于无人机和MODIS数据的巴丹吉林沙漠植被分布特征与动态变化研究

荒漠植被在减缓沙漠扩张、阻挡风沙入侵绿洲、维护绿洲稳定性方面具有重要意义。通过无人机搭载多光谱相机获取地面样地高分辨率NDVI数据以计算植被覆盖度，结合MODIS-NDVI数据，分析了MODIS-NDVI 与无人机获取NDVI数据之间的一致性，进而建立MODIS-NDVI数据与样方植被覆盖度的空间反演模型，以研究巴丹吉林沙漠植被分布特征、动态变化及其对气温、降水的响应规律。结果表明：（1）基于无人机多光谱数据大样方植被覆盖度和MODIS-NDVI数据构建的植被覆盖度反演模型具有较高的模拟精度。（2）研究区总体植被覆盖度较低，空间上呈由东南向西北递减的趋势。（3）植被覆盖度总体呈现上升趋势，沙漠边缘的增速较沙漠内部更为明显，其中沙漠边缘增长率达1.53%/10a，而沙漠内部为0.84%/10a。沙漠边缘57.12%植被出现改善，而沙漠内部植被改善的面积约为21.26%。（4）植被生长主要受制于生长季降水量并呈现出明显的季节变化，此外植被对降水和气温的响应存在一定的滞后效应。     

Urban three-dimensional expansion and its driving forces —A case study of Shanghai, China

Urban expansion is a phenomenon of urban space increase, and an important measuring index of the process of urbanization. Taking Shanghai as an example, the changes of urban average height and built-up area were studied to represent city’s vertical and horizontal increases respectively, and statistical methods were used to analyze the driving forces of urban expansion. The research drew following conclusions: 1) The urban expansion process of Shanghai from 1985 to 2006 had a clear periodic feature, and could be divided into three stages: vertical expansion in dominance, coordinated vertical and horizontal expansion, and horizontal expansion in dominance. 2) The average height and quantity of buildings in core city were significantly bigger than those in suburbs, but the changing speed of the latter was faster. And 3) urbanization process was the major driving force for the city’s horizontal expansion, while industrial structure improvement was the key driving factor for the vertical expansion. Those two driving forces were simultaneously affected by city’s political factors.     

Velocity Distance of the Open Cluster M11

On the reasonable hypothesis that the internal motions of member stars of a cluster are random and isotropic, a method which can be used to estimate the velocity distance of the cluster and its uncertainty is developed. The velocity distance so determined is an absolute distance estimate, and is completely independent of the (widely used) luminosity distance, which is a relative distance estimate. Using the published high-accuracy observational data of radial velocities and proper motions of the stars in the open cluster M11 region, we have determined the distance of M11 to be 1.89 ± 0.52kpc. This is in quite good agreement with the published luminosity distances of the cluster. We briefly discuss the problems concerned, including the sources of errors in the method and its applicable range.     

松南十屋断陷深层油气成藏条件与模式研究

十屋断陷是断坳叠置的复合盆地，充填了巨厚的断陷地层。其深部地层包括登娄库组、营城组、沙河子组以及火石岭组。在十屋断陷深部沉积了沙河子组-营城组和登娄库组两套烃源岩和良好的储盖层组合；由于断陷构造运动，形成大量的断裂构造和不整合面，构成了油气运移的有效通道，同时还形成有效断裂、断鼻构造圈闭以及不整合圈闭。综合分析认为，十屋断陷深部具有有利油气成藏生储盖组合。主要有下生上储式、自生自储式和上生下储式三种成藏模式。     

几种对流层延迟改正模型的分析与比较

在高精度GPS变形监测数据处理中,GPS信号在对流层传播中的延迟是影响其精度的主要误差源之一,需设法对其进行改正。最常用的方法是使用模型改正,利用Visual C++语言,实现三种对流层改正模型,即:Simplified Hopfield模型,Saastamoinen模型,Modified Hopfield模型。通过实例对它们的改正效果进行定量分析与比较,得出一些有益的结论。     

A model of ultra-fast fine structures of microwave bursts

A model is presented using the electron cyclotron maser instability driven by a loss-cone distribution (taking account of the relativistic effects for electron cyclotron frequency and electron velocity as well as Landau damping and cyclotron damping) to excite the UFFS (Ultra-Fast Fine Structures) of microwave bursts and adopting a nonlinear density wave as a trigger mechanism to explain the millisecond time structure of the UFFS.Proceedings of the Workshop on Radio Continua during Solar Flares, held at Duino (Trieste), Italy, 27–31 May, 1985.     

莒县长岭镇整合矿产资源促进矿业经济可持续发展

日照市莒县长岭镇走规模化、集约化经营之路,使该镇一度陷入低谷的砖瓦产业重新焕发生机,一度外流的投资业户重新归来。截至目前,全镇砖瓦厂已发展到30余处,形成年消耗页岩粘土60万m3,年产砖瓦4.2亿片(块)的生产能力。产品畅销省内外,甚至国外,年产值过亿元,仅此一项税收就占全