含煤盆地层序地层分析的几个基本问题

在中国不同时代煤盆地中正进行层序地层学的探索,识别层序界面、划分层序地层单元、重建沉积体系域并用以预测优质富煤单元。由于不同时代、不同类型煤盆地的地质背景不同,不能简单地使用北美学者概括的层序地层模型;需要根据各类盆地所特有的地质背景,重建其层序地层格架,并客观地估价构造、海平面变化和古气候以及沉积补给等因素对层序形成的控制作用。     

西宁大墩岭黄土剖面古地磁初步研究

本文根据古地磁系统测量分析得出:西宁大墩岭黄土剖面位于布容正向极性世与松山反向极性世内。B/M界线位于L_8顶部。S_1S_2至S_1S_3之间存在布莱克事件;在L_9上部可能存在后哈拉米洛事件。在S_(10)中下部至L_(12)顶部存在哈拉米洛事件。根据磁性地层界线年龄推算出:西宁黄土最早形成于1.2MaB.P.     

豫西的上前寒武系及其对比关系

自从1924年李四光等在长江峡东区和1934年高振西等在河北蓟县各自建立震旦系的划分系统以后,一般就把这两个地区的剖面看成为同时代。     

MOMENT DEFICITS ON THE MAJOR FAULTS AND EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN THE EASTERN HIMALAYAN SYNTAXIS

The Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis(EHS)is a critical region for studying the tectonic evolution of Tibetan plateau, which was affected by the intense seismic activities. We use the theory of moment balance, GPS velocities and historical earthquake records to analyze the moment deficits in the EHS, assess the future seismicity and further to predict the recurrence interval of the 1950 Chayu M_S8.6 earthquake. We first collected multiple sets of GPS velocity fields and combined them to reduce the systematic bias. Then a micro-blocks model, constrained by GPS velocities, was built by TDEFNODE software to simultaneously invert the fault elastic strain parameters and rigid motion parameters based on the grid research and simulated annealing methods. The long-term slip rates on the faults were further estimated by the differential motions between the neighboring blocks. The results show that the nearly NS dextral strike-slip faults, Naga Fault and Sagaing Fault, slip with the average rates of ~10.6 and ~16.6mm/a, which are consistent with the lateral extrusion in the Tibetan plateau. However, the Main Frontal Thrust shows a distinguished sinistral strike-slip feature(6~10mm/a), possibly caused by the NNE pushing from the Indian plate to the Eurasian plate. On the other hand, because the EHS is located in frontal area of the collision between Indian and Eurasian plate, most faults show thrusting feature. The most obvious one is the Mishimi Fault, slipping with the rate of 23.3mm/a, implying that the convergence rate of the Indo-European plates is largely absorbed by this fault. The moment accumulation rate in the EHS is higher than the average rate in the Tibetan plateau and the total moment accumulation is(1.15±0.03)×10²² N·m in the last 200a. About 59.7% and 21.6% of the moment accumulation rate concentrate on the Main Frontal Thrust and Mishimi Fault. Second, we selected the earthquake records occurring on the upper crust since 1800AD to analyze the moment release in the EHS based on the data from the International Seismological Centre, United States Geological Survey, and catalogue of historical strong earthquakes in China and some other previous studies. In addition, the Global Centroid Moment Tensor Project and linear regression method were adopted to estimate the relationship between body wave magnitude(m_b), surface wave magnitude(M_S), local magnitude(M_L)and the moment(M₀). Then we further estimated the total fault moment release in the EHS, (5.50±2.54)×10²¹N·m, which is significantly lower than the total moment accumulation. About 79.2% of the moment release occurs on the Mishimi Fault, this is because the 1950 M_S8.6 Chayu earthquake is assumed to have ruptured on this fault. Finally, the present-day moment deficits on the faults in the EHS were calculated by the differences between the moment accumulation and release, which represent the possibility to produce earthquakes on the upper crust faults in the future. The largest moment deficit was found on the Main Frontal Thrust near Bhutan, which is able to rupture with M_W8.1+. Similarly, earthquakes with M_W7.5+ and M_W7.3+ have the potentials to occur on the Naga Fault and the Jiali Fault near Tongmai. However, the future earthquake scales may be less than M_W7.1 on the remaining faults. Moderate minor earthquakes are the main activity in the area near the Yarlung Zangbo Suture zone and the southern Sagaing Fault. Although the Chayu M_S8.6 earthquake occurred near the Mishimi Fault and the eastern MFT, the earthquake risk on those two faults cannot be ignored. Meanwhile, no matter which fault produced the Chayu earthquake, its recurrence will likely be 660a to 1 030a.     

Silurian Sedimentation in the South Qilian Belt: Arc-Continent Collision-related Deposition in the NE Tibet Plateau?

The South Qilian belt mainly comprises an early Paleozoic arc-ophiolite complex, accretionary prism, microcontinental block, and foreland basin. These elements represent accretion-collision during Cambrian to Silurian time in response to closure of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean in the NE of the present-day Tibet Plateau. Closure of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean between the Central Qilian block and the Oulongbuluke block and the associated collision took place from NE to SW in a zipper-like style. Sediment would have been dispersed longitudinally SW-ward with a progressive facies migration from marginal alluvial sediments toward slope deep-water and deep-sea turbidites. This migration path indicates an ocean basin that shrank toward the SW. The Balonggongga'er Formation in the western South Qilian belt represents the fill of a latest Ordovician-Silurian remnant ocean basin that separated the Oulongbuluke block from the Central Qilian block, and records Silurian closure of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean and subduction beneath the Central Qilian block. However, alluvial deposits in the Lajishan area were accumulated in a retro-foreland basin, indicating that continent-continent collision in the eastern South Qilian belt occurred at c. 450–440 Ma. These results demonstrate that the Proto-Tethyan Ocean closed diachronously during early Paleozoic time.     

基于多光谱遥感影像的巫峡滑坡灾害识别技术研究

三峡库区地质结构复杂,尤其是巫峡高陡岸坡发育区域,历来是滑坡灾害高发区,对三峡库区的安全运行构成威胁。为了厘清巫峡高陡峡谷区滑坡灾害发育的高精度多光谱遥感影像特征,本研究以高精度遥感影像资料为基础,以巫峡高陡峡谷区为研究对象,应用面对对象的分类方法对研究区的高精遥感影像进行分割和分类,结合多尺度分割和ESP(Estimation of Scale Parameter)工具确定最优分割尺度,选取典型的滑坡对象样本进行最近邻分类,探索基于高精度多光谱遥感影像的高陡峡谷区滑坡灾害识别技术方法。经试验得出高陡峡谷区基于高精度多光谱遥感影像的滑坡灾害识别的最优分割尺度为720,形状因子和紧致度为0.5,在分割基础上,进行分类和滑坡信息提取。通过对比已有滑坡灾害资料,基于遥感影像自动识别滑坡灾害技术得到的研究区滑坡灾害分布结果总体精度达到了0.8696。研究结果表明,基于高精度的遥感影像自动识别滑坡灾害技术方法能够较好地进行分割与滑坡识别,精度评价的结果比较符合实际。研究结果为巫峡高陡峡谷区滑坡灾害的识别、调查、预测和防治提供依据,对三峡库区滑坡灾害的早期识别和防灾减灾有重要意义。     

云南省新平县那板箐泥石流发育特征及风险评价

2007年8月4日云南省新平县漠沙镇那板箐发生泥石流灾害,造成重大人员、经济损失。通过调查该泥石流的形成条件并分析其发育特征,明确了灾害危害的重点范围及原因,结合危险性与易损性评价形成了全流域风险性分区。结果表明:那板箐具备良好的泥石流地形、物源、水源发育条件,流域范围内人类活动剧烈,道路建设、电站引水、占用河道等是形成和加大泥石流灾害的原因,尤其是挤占河道的乡镇建筑沟段形成了危险与损失均在中等以上程度的高风险区。对泥石流发育特征进行分析与风险性评价,为该类泥石流的预防治理与乡镇后期建设规划提供指导。     

改革成教课程体系,培养技能型实用人才——以数控技术教育为例浅谈成教课程体系的改革

数控技术的广泛应用使制造业发生了根本性的变革。我国要成为“世界工厂” ,需要培养数十万数控技术应用领域的操作人员、编程人员和维修人员。目前 ,在经济发达的珠三角地区的各类企业中 ,已普遍使用数控设备进行生产 ,而数控方面的技术人才却极其缺乏。因此 ,为社会培养大批能熟练掌握数控技术的技能型人才 ,已成为广东省有关高校所面临的紧迫任务。以数控技术教育为切入点 ,结合我校成人教育机电专科数控专业的教学改革 ,提出了培养技能型实用人才的课程体系和人才培养模式。     

泊松模型预测路基沉降

路基沉降变形有其自身的规律性。本文根据路基沉降特征,结合泊松曲线特点,建立了路基沉降量随时间而变化的泊松曲线预测模型。结合具体工程实例,证实泊松曲线很好地反映了路基沉降过程中沉降量与时间的“S”形关系。最后指出,采用泊松模型进行路基沉降预测,建模所需实测数据不能太少,实测点数据越多,预测曲线越逼近实测曲线,预测精度也越高,从而得出有一定参考价值的结论。     

回归诊断在梅雨期大到暴雨预报中的应用

应用回归诊断方法分析发现，梅汛期大到暴雨回归预报模型的残差分布存在着不对称现象，这种不对称现象是由高杠杆点所引起。这些高杠杆试验点的残差存在着统计天气预报意义上的不合理性，导致了回归系数LS估计的误差，从而又引起暴雨预报的误差。针对这些问题提出了大到暴雨的回归诊断预报模型。实例计算说明，回归诊断预报模型要优于常规回归预报模型。进一步分析指出，梅汛期大到暴雨回归预报模型的不合理性并非个别例子的特殊性所造成，而是由模型的数学特点所决定，因此大到暴雨的回归诊断预报模型具有普遍意义。大量的试验和多年的业务应用表明，回归诊断对提高大到暴雨预报准确率具有明显的效果。