Safety Assessment of Buried Pipeline during Pile Driving Vibration in Offshore Engineering

To assess the impact of pile driving on adjacent submarine pipelines during the reconstruction of a pier berth, the local damage model of submarine pipelines is established to explore the safety thresholds of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. The results are analyzed and adjusted by the existing standards and the corresponding literatures. Then, a three-dimensional numerical model is presented to assess the feasibility of the construction of piles by the obtained safety limits, in which the nonlinear behavior of the soil and stress–seepage coupling analysis are considered. After the construction, the safety of submarine pipelines is rechecked by the measured value of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. Meanwhile, the propagation law of vibration, the horizontal displacement of underground soil, and the pore pressure during pile driving are explored. The results indicate that the construction of piles of 2# mooring pier did not cause damage to adjacent submarine pipelines. However, the construction of piles of 1# mooring pier which is nearer may cause damage to submarine pipelines.     

Pharmacokinetics and acetylation of sulfamethoxazole in turbot <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scophthalmus maximus</Emphasis> after intravascular administration

The pharmacokinetic profiles and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) acetylation process in turbot reared at 18°C were investigated. Either SMX (parent drug) or its acetylized metabolite, N₄-acetylsulfamethoxazole (AcSMX), was administered intravascularly to turbot at a dosage of 50 mg/kg BW. Serum concentrations of the parent drug and its metabolite were both measured by HPLC, and the changes in concentration over time were analyzed in two- and non-compartment models because SMX treatment produced multiple peaks. The results demonstrated that the elimination half-life of the parent drugs, SMX and AcSMX, were 159.2 and 5.9 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was 0.2 and 0.8 L/kg, and the clearance was 0.038 and 0.222 L/(h·kg), for SMX and AcSMX, respectively. SMX acetylation in turbot was 2.8%, and the deacetylation of AcSMX was 0.2%. These findings may be useful in optimizing SMX dosage regimens in turbot aquaculture.     

西南地区2001-2014年植被变化时空格局

时序植被动态变化研究一直是全球变化研究的热点之一,对地区生态治理有重要意义。基于西南地区2001至 2014年的MODIS植被指数数据集以及DEM数据和土地利用数据,进行季节合成植被指数（SINDVI）的趋势模拟、空间统计和相关分析,探讨西南地区植被变化趋势和空间分异特征,研究结果表明:（1）74.52%的区域SINDVI变化不显著,显著改善的区域占22.07%,而显著退化的区域占3.41%,改善面积远远大于退化面积。（2）从地形因子结果来看,中低海拔地区和缓坡地区植被变化趋势最明显,海拔3 500 m以下植被变化趋势比海拔3 500 m以上明显。随着坡度的增加,改善趋势和退化趋势都在变小。（3）从土地利用分析结果来看,SINDVI变化趋势在人工表面最明显,改善和退化趋势都相对较大。（4）受人类活动的影响,人工表面和裸地的增多、林地的减少是植被呈退化趋势的主要原因。      

Rainfall threshold determination for flash flood warning in mountainous catchments with consideration of antecedent soil moisture and rainfall pattern

Flash flood disaster is a prominent issue threatening public safety and social development throughout the world, especially in mountainous regions. Rainfall threshold is a widely accepted alternative to hydrological forecasting for flash flood warning due to the short response time and limited observations of flash flood events. However, determination of rainfall threshold is still very complicated due to multiple impact factors, particular for antecedent soil moisture and rainfall patterns. In this study, hydrological simulation approach (i.e., China Flash Flood-Hydrological Modeling System: CNFF-HMS) was adopted to capture the flash flood processes. Multiple scenarios were further designed with consideration of antecedent soil moisture and rainfall temporal patterns to determine the possible assemble of rainfall thresholds by driving the CNFF-HMS. Moreover, their effects on rainfall thresholds were investigated. Three mountainous catchments (Zhong, Balisi and Yu villages) in southern China were selected for case study. Results showed that the model performance of CNFF-HMS was very satisfactory for flash flood simulations in all these catchments, especially for multimodal flood events. Specifically, the relative errors of runoff and peak flow were within?±?20%, the error of time to peak flow was within?±?2 h and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency was greater than 0.90 for over 90% of the flash flood events. The rainfall thresholds varied between 93 and 334 mm at Zhong village, between 77 and 246 mm at Balisi village and between 111 and 420 mm at Yu village. Both antecedent soil moistures and rainfall temporal pattern significantly affected the variations of rainfall threshold. Rainfall threshold decreased by 8–38 and 0–42% as soil saturation increased from 0.20 to 0.50 and from 0.20 to 0.80, respectively. The effect of rainfall threshold was the minimum for the decreasing hyetograph (advanced pattern) and the maximum for the increasing hyetograph (delayed pattern), while it was similar for the design hyetograph and triangular hyetograph (intermediate patterns). Moreover, rainfall thresholds with short time spans were more suitable for early flood warning, especially in small rural catchments with humid climatic characteristics. This study was expected to provide insights into flash flood disaster forecasting and early warning in mountainous regions, and scientific references for the implementation of flash flood disaster prevention in China.     

新疆四顶黑山花岗岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及地质意义

新疆东天山位于中亚造山带南缘,天山—兴安造山系北天山造山带东段,发育大量泥盆纪—石炭纪花岗岩,其形成过程多与觉罗塔格洋的俯冲作用有关。四顶黑山花岗岩体位于东天山觉罗塔格构造岩浆带的东端,岩体在地表呈不规则状产出,侵位于元古界片岩-变火山岩、奥陶系变玄武岩和泥盆系雀儿山群火山岩;主要岩石类型为花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为380.4 Ma±3.7 Ma,表明岩体形成于晚泥盆世。岩石表现出高硅(w(SiO_2)=64.87%~74.71%)、高碱(w(K_2O)=3.35%~4.68%,w(Na_2O)=2.26%~3.85%)、富铝(w(Al_2O_3)=11.82%~14.13%)和低MgO(w(MgO)=0.56%~2.12%)、CaO(w(CaO)=1.68%~3.74%)、TiO_2(w(TiO_2)=0.26%~0.57%)、P_2O_5(w(P_2O5)=0.01%~0.19%)特征,A/CNK=0.83~1.00;富集Ba、K、La、Ce、Nd,亏损Th、Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti,铕负异常较明显(δEu=0.70~0.73);具有岛弧型花岗岩特征。四顶黑山花岗岩体形成于岛弧环境,属于觉罗塔格洋向南俯冲过程中的产物。四顶黑山花岗岩体两侧的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的形成时代应晚于晚泥盆世。     

A modified three-dimensional ionospheric tomography algorithm with side rays

The three-dimensional ionospheric tomography (3DCIT) algorithm based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations have been developed into an effective tool for ionospheric monitoring in recent years. However, because the rays that come into or come out from the side of the inversion region cannot be used, the distribution of the rays in the edge and bottom part of the inversion region is scarce and the electron density cannot be effectively improved in the inversion process. We present a three-dimensional tomography algorithm with side rays (3DCIT-SR) applying the side rays to the inversion. The partial slant total electron content (STEC) of side rays in the inversion region is obtained based on the NeQuick2 model and GNSS-STEC. The simulation experiment results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the distribution of GNSS rays in the inversion region. Meanwhile, the iteration accuracy has also been significantly improved. After the same number of iterations, the iterative results of 3DCIT-SR are closer to the truth than 3DCIT, in particular, the inversion of the edge regions is improved noticeably. The GNSS data of the International GNSS Service (IGS) stations in Europe are used to perform real data experiments, and the inversion results show that the electron density profiles of 3DCIT-SR are closer to the ionosonde measurements. The accuracy improvement of 3DCIT-SR is up to 56.3% while the improvement is more obvious during the magnetic storm compared to the case of a calm ionospheric state .     

东天山早中生代侵入体地球化学特征及其构造意义

东天山百灵山西辉长岩、似斑状花岗岩近年来才被发现,为了解其成因及相关大地构造背景,对其进行地质学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Sr-Nd同位素分析.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,百灵山西辉长岩、似斑状花岗岩分别形成于236 Ma和228 Ma.辉长岩具有较低的SiO₂（43.50%~46.03%）含量,较高的CaO（11.40%~13.24%）、Fe₂O₃T（9.62%~11.84%）和MgO（6.02%~10.58%;Mg#=53~69）含量以及Ce/Pb、Ti/Zr、Ti/Y及Ba/Th比值,且富集LREE、LILE,表明其形成于受板片脱水流体交代地幔楔的部分熔融.似斑状花岗岩表现出I型花岗岩的特征,且具有较高的SiO₂（71.14%~72.71%）,强富集LREE[（La/Yb）_N=12.61~28.45]和LILE（例如Rb,K和Pb）,表明其形成于下地壳的部分熔融.而较高的Mg#（39~41）值、Ti/Y（154.40~306.18）比值,显示其源区有地幔物质的加入.结合前人研究成果,可知东天山地区在240 Ma以后已经进入陆内演化阶段,百灵山西辉长岩及似斑状花岗岩均形成于陆内环境.      

Spatially uniform specific discharge from headwater to river basins on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Hydrogeology Journal - Although there is a general consensus that spatial heterogeneity is ubiquitous in hydrological responses, it is common practice to assume a constant specific discharge among...     

鄂西地区二叠系孤峰组—大隆组沉积演化及其页岩气地质意义

鄂西地区二叠系发育孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组三套黑色岩系,为页岩气探勘新主力层系,其沉积背景、沉积环境及时空分布却不尽一致.本次在前人的研究基础上,通过野外剖面和最新的钻井资料综合分析,对该地区二叠系孤峰组—大隆组沉积演化进行了深入解剖,并通过岩相古地理图约束了富有机质页岩的空间分布特征,旨在为鄂西地区二叠系页岩气地质调查和选区评价提供基础资料.研究认为,鄂西地区孤峰组主要发育盆地相碳质硅质泥岩,局部地区发育外缓坡相富有机质泥质灰岩;吴家坪组炭山湾段主要发育潮坪相泥质粉砂岩夹煤层,并在利川地区发育陆棚相的碳质硅质泥岩;吴家坪组灰岩段主要为内缓坡相的生屑泥晶灰岩.大隆组主要发育盆地相碳质硅质泥岩,其次为外缓坡相富有机质泥质灰岩,利川见天坝可见发育内缓坡边缘点礁.综合前人对各层位研究的页岩气参数认为,鄂西地区孤峰组和大隆组具有有机质含量高(＞2％)、厚度大(＞20 m)、脆性矿物含量高(＞60％)等形成页岩气的基本地质条件,深水盆地相为有利相带;吴家坪组炭山湾段潮坪相的黑色泥岩较薄(＜10 m),连续性差,但利川地区吴家坪组炭山湾段深水陆棚相黑色泥岩厚度较大(～30 m),为潜在的页岩气勘探区域.     

谈新形势下地勘单位改革发展的现状及未来发展方向

新中国成立以来,地勘单位先后在计划经济和市场经济下为国家的发展做出了重要贡献,也先后经历了初步探索、属地化管理、事企分体运行等不同阶段。十九大以来,随着事业单位改革的逐步深入,地勘单位改革迫在眉睫。为了更好的适应时代发展,又快又好地进行地勘单位转型,通过研究不同历史时期地勘单位发展的问题和困难,指出现阶段面临的主要问题是改革意愿不强烈、转型工勘领域受阻、资本占有率低和人才匮乏。以此为基础,提出转变思想、学习集团化企业路线、投身地方产业结构、全面提升自然资源意识、加强自身建设和长期持续稳定转型的发展建议,供转型发展的地勘单位参考。