太古宙克拉通型下地壳剖面：华北怀安－丰镇－尚义的麻粒岩－角闪岩系

华北克拉通北缘晋冀内蒙交界地区有变质程度连续变化、从高压基性麻粒岩、麻粒岩到角闪岩相的变质岩系出露。它们的古变质压力由＞１．４ＧＰａ（５０ｋｍ）变化到０．５ＧＰａ（１５ｋｍ）；岩石类型从变辉长岩、中酸性正片麻岩到表壳岩变化；变质矿物组合由不含水的耐火组合变为富含云母和角闪石的组合；地球化学性质表现出从贫Ｓｉ和Ａｌ、轻度亏损生热元素到具有正常的化学成分的连续变化；包裹体流体性质在轻度亏损生热元素的麻粒岩中均为ＣＯ２流体，而在麻粒岩相的表壳岩和角闪岩系中Ｈ２Ｏ流体逐渐增加。上述变质岩系剖面的组成和特点符合大陆下地壳的定义，可能代表了包括最下部地壳在内的华北地块太古宙克拉通型大陆下地壳。据此本文建立了我国第一条克拉通型大陆下地壳剖面，并讨论其地质意义以及相关的问题     

华北中北部高级变质岩区的构造区划及其晚太古代构造演化

通过区域构造编图及重点地段的详细研究，在华北克拉通中北部识别出一条ＮＮＥ向的构造带——龙泉关－桑干带，它以大规模的韧性剪切带网络、重熔钾质花岗岩带、数量众多的高压麻粒岩构造透镜体或岩片为特征。剪切带以低角度逆冲为主，矿物拉伸线理指示运动方向为ＮＷ－ＳＥ向。这些剪切带造成东西两侧基底杂岩与表壳岩系包括孔兹岩系的广泛构造叠置，以及高压麻粒岩的近等温减压上隆。从更大的范围看，龙泉关－桑干带处于鄂尔多斯克拉通和阜平－赞皇克拉通之间，并且被五台－吕梁裂谷型绿岩带截切或不整合覆盖。该带应形成于晚太古代，记录了上述两个克拉通斜向拼合的构造过程     

Research on Relationship Between Fluorine in Tap Water and That in Urine of Chinese Residents

In this study, the relationship between fluorine in drinking water and that in urine of urban residents in China is assessed. Fluorine concentrations in tap water and those in urine show a good correlation with a linear regression coefficient of 0. 9798, indicating that the fluorine concentrations in big cities under investigation are extremely low, and the main source of fluorine is tap water. The weather effect on the intake amount of fluorine is also discussed. When air temperature is above 15℃, people would intake more fluorine through drinking water with the rise of air temperature. When temperature is below 15℃, no remarkable relationship is observed between air temperature and the intake amount of fluorine. This phenomenon indicates that the main source of fluorine in China is tap water instead of foodstuff.     

中国春季沙尘天气频数的时空变化及其与地面风压场的关系

文中利用EOF和SVD方法分析了近半个世纪中国春季沙尘天气频数的时空分布特征及其与近地面风速和海平面气压的关系。中国北方大部分地区春季沙尘天气发生频数近半个世纪呈减少趋势 ,2 0世纪 70年代末以前沙尘天气发生频数较多 ,70年代末开始逐渐减少 ,1997年降到最低值 ,同期中国近地面风速也呈减小趋势 ,两者之间存在显著相关。春季海平面气压场与中国沙尘天气的发生频数有十分密切的联系 ,海平面气压在中高纬度地区降低 ,中低纬度地区升高 ,气压梯度发生改变 ,从而引起地面风速减小 ,进一步影响到沙尘天气发生频数减少     

测绘地物波谱本底数据库

地物波谱特性是利用遥感进行建模反演和地物目标探测识别的理论基础，波谱数据库对于提高遥感应用水平有重要作用。为规范和丰富中国波谱数据库并促进其在测绘等领域的应用，依托国家科技性基础专项,建立了“测绘地物波谱本底数据库”，在数据规范编制、波谱数据采集实验与整编入库、地物波谱数据库建设和应用示范初步探索方面取得重要进展。在波谱数据采集和处理的标准规范方面，建立完善了测绘地物波谱与配套非波谱数据收集与汇总标准、测绘地物波谱和配套非波谱参数测试技术规范、测绘地物波谱库地物分类编码规范。依照项目制定的数据规范标准，对现有波谱数据进行了整编和入库，共计整编数据1.4万余条；组织实施了全国范围的典型地物波谱采集实验以及相应配套参数测量实验，主要试验类型包括典型地物波谱测量试验、定点时间序列测量试验、多尺度测量试验、全波段测量试验、参数控制测量试验和无人机观测试验等，共计获取地物波谱1.7万余条。特别是在华北和东北进行了全波段观测试验（可见光—近红外波（0.35—2.5 μm）、红外波段（3—15 μm）、微波波段（Ka、K、X、C、L波段）），获取冰雪、土壤、植被冠层、人工目标的全波段数据。为方便波谱数据的应用和共享，项目建设了包含3万余条数据的测绘地物波谱本底数据库（GOSPEL）及数据共享平台。依据地物波谱数据的类型和应用需求，形成了全波段典型地物波谱数据集、多角度光谱反射率数据集、多尺度典型地物反射率数据集、长时间系列波谱数据集等共25个特色数据集。基于测绘地物波谱本底数据库进行了地物分类、遥感机理模拟、遥感定量反演、遥感产品验证等方面的应用示范。     

利用GPS拖体在万山区域测量平均海面技术研究

Wanshan area has been chosen to be the specified field to calibrate and validate(Cal/Val) the HY-2 altimeter and its follow-on satellites. In March 2018, an experiment has been conducted to determine the sea surface height(SSH) under the HY-2 A ground track(Pass No. 203). A GPS towing-body(GPS-TB) was designed to measure the SSH covering an area of about 6 km×28 km wide centered on the HY-2 A altimeter satellite ground track. Three GPS reference stations, one tide gauge and a GPS buoy were placed in the research area, in order to process and resolve the kinematic solution and check the precision of the GPS-TB respectively. All the GPS data were calculated by the GAMIT/GLOBK software and TRACK module. The sea surface was determined by the GPS-TB solution and the tide gauge placed on Zhiwan Island. Then the sea surface of this area was interpolated by Arc GIS10.2 with ordinary Kriging method. The results showed that the precision of the GPS-TB is about 1.10 cm compared with the tide gauge placed nearby, which has an equivalent precision with the GPS buoy. The interpolated sea surface has a bias of –1.5–4.0 cm with standard deviation of 0.2–2.4 cm compared with the checking line. The gradient of the measured sea surface is about 1.62 cm/km along the HY-2 orbit which shows a good agreement compared with the CLS11 mean sea surface(MSS). In the Cal/Val of satellites, the sea surface between the tide gauge/GPS buoy and the footprint of altimeter can be improved by this work.     

依兰-伊通断裂新构造活动规律分析

作为郯庐断裂带北段主干的依兰-伊通断裂, 其新构造活动性与活动规律仍然存在不同的认识.本次工作通过详细的野外调查, 发现该断裂内活断层广泛存在, 由东、西两支北东走向的主干活断层构成, 沿着古近纪地堑边界断层发育.这些活断层主要呈破碎型结构, 多为逆右行平移活动.通过对这些活断层一系列实测擦痕反演应力场, 显示它们多是在东西向挤压中活动的, 而现今应力场转变为北东东-南西西向区域性挤压.依据本次野外观察与¹⁴ C定年, 并结合前人定年结果与近代地震分布, 表明依兰-伊通西支活断层的最新活动时代为全新世与晚更新世相间, 而东支活断层的最新活动时代主要为早-中更新世.依兰-伊通断裂内活断层显示了明显的差异性活动, 表现为西支的活动强度明显大于东支, 西支的最新活动时代皆晚于东支, 沿走向上活动性强、弱相间与最新活动时代不断变化, 以及近代地震活动不均一分布.它们沿走向上的分段性、差异性活动主要是因为被一系列北西向断层切断所致.     

A comprehensive classification of anomalous circulation patterns responsible for persistent precipitation extremes in South China

Based on observational precipitation at 63 stations in South China and NCEP NCAR reanalysis data during 1951 2010,a cluster analysis is performed to classify large-scale circulation patterns responsible for persistent precipitation extremes(PPEs) that are independent of the influence of tropical cyclones(TCs).Conceptual schematics depicting configurations among planetary-scale systems at different levels are established for each type.The PPEs free from TCs account for 38.6%of total events,and they tend to occur during April August and October,with the highest frequency observed in June.Corresponding circulation patterns during June August can be mainly categorized into two types,i.e.,summer-Ⅰ type and summer-Ⅱtype.In summer-Ⅰ type,the South Asian high takes the form of a zonal-belt type.The axis of upstream westerly jets is northwest-oriented.At the middle level,the westerly jets at midlatitudes extend zonally.Along the southern edge of the westerly jet,synoptic eddies steer cold air to penetrate southward;the Bay of Bengal(BOB) trough is located to the north;a shallow trough resides over coastal areas of western South China;and an intensified western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) extends westward.The anomalous moisture is mainly contributed by horizontal advection via southwesterlies around 20°N and southeasterlies from the southern flange of the WPSH.Moisture convergence maximizes in coastal regions of eastern South China,which is the very place recording extreme precipitation.In summer-Ⅱ type,the South Asian high behaves as a western-center type.The BOB trough is much deeper,accompanied by a cyclone to its north;and a lower-level trough appears in northwestern parts of South China.Different to summer-Ⅰ type,moisture transport via southwesterlies is mostly responsible for the anomalous moisture in this type.The moisture convergence zones cover Guangdong,Guangxi,and Hainan,matching well with the areas of flooding.It is these set combinations among different systems at different levels that trigger PPEs in South China.