基于GIS的"三旧"改造项目动态监控和管理

"三旧"改造是广东省特有的改造模式,也是未来城市可持续发展战略的重要组成部分.为了全面掌握"三旧"改造用地的工作情况,实现对"三旧"改造项目有效地动态监控,项目采用地理信息系统(GIS)、三维可视化、倾斜摄影、云计算等先进技术,构建了"三旧"改造数据库,搭建了"三旧"改造信息管理平台,并阐述平台实现的相关关键技术.实践表明,平台在改造项目批后、改造项目建设进度等方面起到良好的监控和管理作用,实现了"三旧"改造的精细化管理.     

多季相混合像元部分分解特征的不透水面分类

针对利用光谱混合分解提取不透水面特征通常受到端元类型和数量的限制,同时植被变化会影响估计精度的问题,该文提出 了一种综合季相和植被变化信息的不透水面提取框架.基于混合像元部分分解算法——混合调谐匹配滤波(MTMF),设计了多季相组合MTMF(SCMTMF)特征和多季相叠加MTMF(SSMTMF)两种策略,构造了不透水面的多季相MTMF特征,将不透水特征与多季相植被指数结合利用支持向量机实现对不透水面的精确分类.结果表明,利用多季相特征得到的不透水面提取效果相较于单季相有较明显的改善,该文所提出的策略有利于提高不透水面的估计精度.     

东北地区水稻障碍型低温冷害变化对区域气候增暖的响应

利用东北地区153个气象站1961—2010年逐日气温资料,采用统计学方法分析了水稻障碍型低温冷害的气候变化特征及其对区域气候变暖的响应情况。结果表明,东北大部地区水稻障碍型低温冷害事件呈减少趋势,但区域性较为明显;障碍型低温冷害对关键发育期气温变化响应较为敏感,二者呈显著的负相关关系,表现为气温每升高1 ℃,东北地区冷害减少35个站次。东北地区关键发育期气温均呈上升趋势,但吉林西部地区障碍型冷害却随之增加,分析了关键发育期气温变率和气候变率,将其解释为局地障碍型冷害增加主要受气候变率增大的影响,逐日气温变率对其影响不大。     

月表虹湾Hurst指数分析

月球遥感是在登月技术还不完善的情况下,利用遥感数据,通过各种分析来研究月球演化、内部结果和表面特征的方法。粗糙度是地表隆升、沉降、侵蚀和火山喷射物覆盖在行星表面留下的记录,因此对行星表面粗糙度的定量分析可以精确反映其地质演化过程。而Hurst指数则是粗糙度的精确反映。文中利用LOLA制作的DEM,以月球正面虹湾为例,选取水平方向的12条剖面和垂直方向的15条剖面对其各粗糙度参数进行计算,并结合月表成熟度对Hurst指数与底层年龄的相关性进行了分析,得出如下结论:(1)在1km的剖面长度上,虹湾地区均方根高程的平均值在3m左右;在0.2～3km研究尺度范围内,虹湾地区的坡度不超过2°,说明该地表起伏度小。(2)虹湾地区的Hurst指数跨度比较大,尤其在垂直方向(南北)上,在0.4到0.9之间,表明其构造样式丰富。(3)在0.2～3km研究尺度范围内,Hurst指数自北往南增大、自西往东增大,表示在虹湾地区粗糙度自西北向东南方向增大。(4)虹湾地区地质年龄为自西北向东南方向变小,与Hurst指数增大方向一致。(5)在月表年轻撞击坑地区月表成熟度与Hurst指数大致呈负相关关系。     

Effects of atmospheric dynamics and ocean resolution on bi-stability of the thermohaline circulation examined using the Grid ENabled Integrated Earth system modelling (GENIE) framework

We have used the Grid ENabled Integrated Earth system modelling (GENIE) framework to undertake a systematic search for bi-stability of the ocean thermohaline circulation (THC) for different surface grids and resolutions of 3-D ocean (GOLDSTEIN) under a 3-D dynamical atmosphere model (IGCM). A total of 407,000 years were simulated over a three month period using Grid computing. We find bi-stability of the THC despite significant, quasi-periodic variability in its strength driven by variability in the dynamical atmosphere. The position and width of the hysteresis loop depends on the choice of surface grid (longitude-latitude or equal area), but is less sensitive to changes in ocean resolution. For the same ocean resolution, the region of bi-stability is broader with the IGCM than with a simple energy-moisture balance atmosphere model (EMBM). Feedbacks involving both ocean and atmospheric dynamics are found to promote THC bi-stability. THC switch-off leads to increased import of freshwater at the southern boundary of the Atlantic associated with meridional overturning circulation. This is counteracted by decreased freshwater import associated with gyre and diffusive transports. However, these are localised such that the density gradient between North and South is reduced tending to maintain the THC off state. THC switch-off can also generate net atmospheric freshwater input to the Atlantic that tends to maintain the off state. The ocean feedbacks are present in all resolutions, across most of the bi-stable region, whereas the atmosphere feedback is strongest in the longitude–latitude grid and around the transition where the THC off state is disappearing. Here the net oceanic freshwater import due to the overturning mode weakens, promoting THC switch-on, but the atmosphere counteracts this by increasing net freshwater input. This increases the extent of THC bi-stability in this version of the model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

东海陆架盆地伸展率和压缩率及构造跃迁

东海陆架盆地位于欧亚板块的东南缘和西太平洋活动大陆边缘,本文选取了东海陆架盆地主要凹陷的17条地震剖面,采用平衡剖面技术,计算了主要凹陷新生代不同演化阶段的伸展率和压缩率。分析表明,东海陆架盆地构造演化总体由西向东跃迁。晚白垩世至晚古新世东海陆架盆地裂陷中心在西部坳陷带,始新世东迁至东部坳陷带,上新世东迁至东海陆架盆地东侧的冲绳海槽盆地。古新世中后期东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带北侧昆山凹陷反转;中新世东部坳陷带的西湖凹陷反转。东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带与东部坳陷带构造演化不同,证明了东海陆架盆地的东西分带。西部坳陷带北部的长江坳陷和南部的台北坳陷构造演化不同,东部坳陷带北部的西湖凹陷和南部的钓北凹陷构造演化不同,证明了东海陆架盆地的南北分块。     

铜精粉中铜的测量不确定度评定

测量不确定度作为当今矿石主要的评定方式,其评定是表征并赋予测量结果的分散性,为最终的测量结果附带参数,以此来客观衡量测量量的分散性。根据数值的特点分为两个度量,符合统计规律的数值,称为A类不确定度;不符合统计规律的数值称为B类不确定度。将不确定度的评定方法运用到铜精粉中铜含量的测定中,最终得出样品铜精粉中19.94%～20.34%的铜含量,同时对铜精粉中铜的测量实验及实验结果不确定度的评定进行了系统的研究,并将整个实验及结果不确定度的计算过程简述,这样不仅达到了测量的目的,还能对不确定度进一步认识,也给冶炼工业的发展提供了可参考的研究方法。     

Spatio-temporal trends of heavy metals and source apportionment in Tolo Harbour,Hong Kong

This study provided a picture of the spatial and temporal distributions of Cr, Co, Ni Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in bottom sediments of Tolo Harbour. The concentrations of the eight heavy metals differed significantly between sites due to the poor tidal flushing in Tolo Harbour. The levels of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were generally enriched in sediments from inner Tolo Harbour, while sediments from outer Tolo Harbour (Tolo Channel) had higher levels of Cr, Co and Ni. The redox sensitive element arsenic showed no distinct spatial pattern in Tolo Harbour. The decreasing levels of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in sediments with increasing distance from land demonstrated a typical diffusion pattern from land to the direction of sea. Two hot spots of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in sediments were located near Tai Po and Sha Tin new town, indicating that Cu, Zn, Pb and Zn were from land-derived sources. The sites with relatively high levels of Cr, Co and Ni in sediments were located in areas close to waste spoil in sea floor. The natural and anthropogenic inputs from Sha Tin and Tai Po to Tolo Harbour were mostly responsible for Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb enrichment in sediments from inner Tolo Harbour. The waste spoil in sea floor was believed to contribute to the Cr, Co and Ni in outer Tolo Harbour. The results of correlation coefficient between the eight heavy metals showed that Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were strongly positively correlated, and Cr, Co and Ni were also significantly correlated with each other. The best explanation of strong correlation was their similar source. As, however, is not well correlated with the other seven heavy metals. The average concentrations of Cu and Zn displayed general increasing trends from 1978 to 2006 in Tolo Harbour, while the mean levels of Cr and Pb displayed a substantial decrease from 1978 to 1987, then a slight increase after 1987. No distinct temporal trends of the concentrations of Ni and As were observed from 1978 due to the inconsecutive data. On the other hand, the increasing trends of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were observed since 1996.     

Dynamic Response Analysis and Vibration Control for A Fixed-Bottom Offshore Wind Turbine Subjected to Multiple External Excitations

For the offshore wind turbines installed in earthquake areas, their operation is affected by seismic loads in addition to wind and wave loads. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamic responses and vibration control of the wind turbines. In previous studies, the structural responses of offshore wind turbines are usually investigated in the parked case, while the blade rotation effect is usually not considered. The evaluation on the structural responses may be inaccurate under this conditi...     

利用HY-2微波辐射计数据反演北极区域海冰密集度方法研究

HY-2是中国自主研发的海洋卫星。 本文研究了利用HY-2卫星扫描微波辐射计亮温数据反演北极海冰密集度的方法。参考NASA TEAM方法,我们对典型海区光谱梯度率和极化梯度率进行了统计分析,确定了计算海冰密集度所需的亮温特征值;利用天气滤波器有效去除了开阔海域由于大气中水蒸气、云中液态水、降雨等现象引起的海冰密集度计算错误。本文计算了2012年全年的北极海冰密集度产品并对产品精度进行了初步验证,验证结果表明：三个海冰类型已知区域的海冰密集度结果与理想值比较接近,多年冰密集度的反演精度需要进一步提高;本文结果与美国冰雪数据中心和德国不来梅大学提供的两种业务化海冰密集度产品一致。本研究为利用HY-2卫星监测极区海冰密集度变化,发布实时产品奠定了基础。