我国高寒草甸植被生产力及其影响因子

生物量是重要的植物群落数量特征，直接反映生态系统生产者的物质生产量，是生态系统生产力的重要体现。高寒草甸广泛分布于青藏高原，是高寒生态系统的主要植被类型。回顾了高寒草甸生物量的研究成果。高寒草甸生物量呈典型的金字塔式垂直分布格局，地上生物量主要集中于0—10cm的冠层，地下生物量也集中分布于0—10cm的土层内。增温和多雨会降低生物量，叶面积和物种丰富度与地上生物量成正相关关系，氮素的增加有助于植被生物量的增长，而放牧率与生物量成显著负相关。     

青藏高原植物形态和解剖适应性研究进展

与低海拔地区相比，青藏高原的太阳辐射、水分条件、氧分压、气温等环境条件都有明显差异，青藏高原的植物在细胞壁厚度、栅栏细胞层数、通气组织大小、异细胞数量和分布、表皮附属物类型等方面与低海拔地区的相比也有较大的不同。综述了在青藏高原特殊的生态条件下，植物在形态和解剖方面的适应性表现，分析了该领域目前的研究特点和存在的一些问题，并在全球环境变化背景下，对其发展前景进行了展望，指出了未来的发展趋势。     

科尔沁沙地土地利用与耕作方式对土壤风蚀的影响

土壤风蚀造成的直接生态后果是土地资源的退化。在春播前两次沙尘暴事件中,对科尔沁沙地几种具有代表性的土地类型的土壤风蚀量及土壤特性进行了野外测定、分析,结果表明:(1)在同一沙尘暴天气下,由于土地利用和耕作方式的不同,土壤风蚀量存在着差异,新垦农地和翻耕农地的风蚀量显著高于未垦草地、免耕农地和麻黄地;免耕农地则与未垦草地的风蚀量相差不大,风蚀危害较轻;麻黄地几乎不受风蚀侵害。新垦农地、翻耕农地、免耕农地、未垦草地、麻黄地两次观测的土壤风蚀量平均值依次为24.59、15.60、2.26、1.46和0.22 g/h.cm2。(2)基于土壤特性计算的土壤退化指数结果表明,新垦农地和翻耕农地发生了较为严重的退化。     

论琅岐岛经济发展定位与开发建设

随着福州东扩南移的城市发展策略的推行,琅岐岛凭借独特的资源优势,经济地理位置日显重要,对其开发建设已成为大势所趋。本文在分析了琅岐岛区域经济发展的资源条件基础上,指出琅岐经济发展的合理定位,提出区域经济发展的若干对策,为琅岐经济持续、健康、稳定地发展提供意见。     

ArcMap在中学地理教学中的应用

本文就地理信息系统(GIS)工具软件之一———ArcMap在中学地理教学中应用分析的基础上,探讨了GIS工具软件在中学地理教学中的作用,表明GIS技术在地理教学中有广泛的应用前景。同时对GIS的发展提出建议和希望。     

Climatic characteristics of summer high temperature and assessment methods in the large cities of North China

Based on the high temperature data of June to August in 1961-2000 in North China, the high temperature weather processes are investigated, and a more complete data set for severe high temperature processes is created. The climatic characteristics of adverse high temperature weather in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Jinan and Taiyuan are analyzed respectively. The major features of the East-Asia Subtropical High and Transformed Continental High are discussed. The outcomes indicate that the influence of both East Asia Subtropical High and Transformed Continental High on these weather events varies, by a larger margin, from one city to another over North China and they are also closely related to the relative humidity. It is found that the behaviours of East-Asia Subtropical High and Transformed Continental High are the major important systems that give rise to the summer high temperature weather over the region. Based on these findings, the 5-day, 10-day and monthly assessment models for such high impact events have been developed. The assessment outcomes prove to be useful in assessing severe high-temperature events in major cities of North China.     

Climate change in Mt. Qomolangma region since 1971

Using monthly average, maximum, minimum air temperature and monthly precipitation data from 5 weather stations in Mt. Qomolangma region in China from 1971 to 2004, climatic linear trend, moving average, low-pass filter and accumulated variance analysis methods, the spatial and temporal patterns of the climatic change in this region were analyzed. The main findings can be summarized as follows: (1) There is obvious ascending tendency for the interannual change of air temperature in Mt. Qomolangma region and the ascending tendency of Tingri, the highest station, is the most significant. The rate of increasing air temperature is 0.234 oC/decade in Mt. Qomolangma region, 0.302 oC/decade in Tingri. The air temperature increases more strongly in non-growing season. (2) Compared with China and the global average, the warming of Mt. Qomolangma region occurred early. The linear rates of temperature increase in Mt. Qomolangma region exceed those for China and the global average in the same period. This is attributed to the sensitivity of mountainous regions to climate change. (3) The southern and northern parts of Mt. Qomolangma region are quite different in precipitation changes. Stations in the northern part show increasing trends but are not statistically significant. Nyalam in the southern part shows a decreasing trend and the sudden decreasing of precipitation occurred in the early 1990s. (4) Compared with the previous studies, we find that the warming of Mt. Qomolangma high-elevation region is most significant in China in the same period. The highest automatic meteorological comprehensive observation station in the world set up at the base camp of Mt. Qomolangma with a height of 5032 m a.s.l will play an important role in monitoring the global climate change.     

《亚热带资源与环境学报》创刊词

国家新闻出版总署批准《亚热带资源与环境学报》的办刊宗旨为：“为亚热带资源环境和地理综合研究提供学术交流的平台，注重具有区域特色和学科交叉的研究，优先发表原创性成果，传播学术信息，并为区域人与自然和谐发展和社会经济可持续发展提供科技信息支撑。”以发表资源、环境和地理及其综合、交叉研究成果作为本刊的宗旨，是基于我们对资源、环境与地理学三者相互关系及其综合研究重要性的认识。人与自然的关系，即人地关系，是人类生存和发展的基本关系。     

大吨位基桩抗压载荷试验中的锚桩预应力保护技术

竖轴向承载力是桩基础设计的重要参数,现场静载试验是目前确定桩基承载力的主要手段之一。本文依托黄陵延安段高速公路洛河特大桥试桩工程,通过对原有工程桩施加预应力,形成了以工程桩为锚桩的锚拔体系。加载过程中试桩应力、锚桩应力及桩顶位移测试,结果表明,结合预应力技术,以工程桩作为锚桩构成桩基础静载试验的锚拔体系是可行的,同时提出了施加预应力大小的原则、方法以及确保后期曾作为锚桩的工程桩有足够承载能力应采取的必要措施。     

土壤天然热释光测量在寻找滑坡体边界中的应用研究

土壤天然热释光测量方法是一种累积型测氡方法。由于累积测氡时间长,其灵敏度和异常的重现性远比一般累积测氡及其子体方法好,因此,在地质领域得到了广泛的应用。在寻找滑坡体边界的应用中,取得的测量效果明显,表明该方法经济有效。