Seismic wave modeling in viscoelastic VTI media using spectral element method

Spectral element method (SEM) for elastic media is well known for its great flexibility and high accuracy in solving problems with complex geometries. It is an advanced choice for wave simulations. Due to anelasticity of earth media, SEM for elastic media is no longer appropriate. On fundamental of the second-order elastic SEM, this work takes the viscoelastic wave equations and the vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media into consideration, and establishes the second-order SEM for wave modeling in viscoelastic VTI media. The second-order perfectly matched layer for viscoelastic VTI media is also introduced. The problem of handling the overlapped absorbed corners is solved. A comparison with the analytical solution in a two-dimensional viscoelastic homogeneous medium shows that the method is accurate in the wave-field modeling. Furtherly, numerical validation also presents its great flexibility in solving wave propagation problems in complex heterogeneous media. This second-order SEM with perfectly matched layer for viscoelastic VTI media can be easily applied in wave modeling in a limited region.     

Viscoelastic representation of surface waves in patchy saturated poroelastic media

Wave-induced flow is observed as the dominated factor for P wave propagation at seismic frequencies. This mechanism has a mesoscopic scale nature. The inhomogeneous unsaturated patches are regarded larger than the pore size, but smaller than the wavelength. Surface wave, e.g., Rayleigh wave, which propagates along the free surface, generated by the interfering of body waves is also affected by the mesoscopic loss mechanisms. Recent studies have reported that the effect of the wave-induced flow in wave propagation shows a relaxation behavior. Viscoelastic equivalent relaxation function associated with the wave mode can describe the kinetic nature of the attenuation. In this paper, the equivalent viscoelastic relaxation functions are extended to take into account the free surface for the Rayleigh surface wave propagation in patchy saturated poroelastic media. Numerical results for the frequency-dependent velocity and attenuation and the time-dependent dynamical responses for the equivalent Rayleigh surface wave propagation along an interface between vacuum and patchy saturated porous media are reported in the low-frequency range (0.1–1,000 Hz). The results show that the dispersion and attenuation and kinetic characteristics of the mesoscopic loss effect for the surface wave can be effectively represented in the equivalent viscoelastic media. The simulation of surface wave propagation within mesoscopic patches requires solving Biot’s differential equations in very small grid spaces, involving the conversion of the fast P wave energy diffusion into the Biot slow wave. This procedure requires a very large amount of computer consumption. An efficient equivalent approach for this patchy saturated poroelastic media shows a more convenient way to solve the single phase viscoelastic differential equations.     

Finite-Difference Modeling and Dispersion Analysis of High-Frequency Love Waves for Near-Surface Applications

Love-wave propagation has been a topic of interest to crustal, earthquake, and engineering seismologists for many years because it is independent of Poisson’s ratio and more sensitive to shear (S)-wave velocity changes and layer thickness changes than are Rayleigh waves. It is well known that Love-wave generation requires the existence of a low S-wave velocity layer in a multilayered earth model. In order to study numerically the propagation of Love waves in a layered earth model and dispersion characteristics for near-surface applications, we simulate high-frequency (>5 Hz) Love waves by the staggered-grid finite-difference (FD) method. The air–earth boundary (the shear stress above the free surface) is treated using the stress-imaging technique. We use a two-layer model to demonstrate the accuracy of the staggered-grid modeling scheme. We also simulate four-layer models including a low-velocity layer (LVL) or a high-velocity layer (HVL) to analyze dispersive energy characteristics for near-surface applications. Results demonstrate that: (1) the staggered-grid FD code and stress-imaging technique are suitable for treating the free-surface boundary conditions for Love-wave modeling, (2) Love-wave inversion should be treated with extra care when a LVL exists because of a lack of LVL information in dispersions aggravating uncertainties in the inversion procedure, and (3) energy of high modes in a low-frequency range is very weak, so that it is difficult to estimate the cutoff frequency accurately, and “mode-crossing” occurs between the second higher and third higher modes when a HVL exists.     

华夏古陆古元古代高度亏损地幔的Nd同位素证据

华夏古陆闽浙地区古元古代晚期（１７６６±１９）Ｍａ）斜角长角闪岩的εＮｄ（ｔ）值变化范围为＋５．６－＋８．５,表明其母岩浆秋自亏损的地幔源,同时其εＮｄ（ｔ）明显高于世界上其他地区同时代亏损地幔的εＮｄ值而与澳大利亚中部Ｈａｒｔｓ Ｒａｎｇｅ地区１７６７Ｍａ的高度亏损地幔源（＋６．９－＋８．２）相当,华夏古陆冰浙地区和澳大利亚中部Ｈａｒｔｓ Ｒａｎｇｅ地区１．７７Ｇａ前高度亏损地幔的存在,表明我阶     

赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带中大洋斜长花岗岩的地球化学和岩石成因

赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带中的西湾斜长花岗岩富Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｎａ２Ｏ,贫Ｋ２Ｏ;Ｓｒ、Ｂａ和Ｔｈ含量高,而Ｒｂ和高场强元素含量很低;ＬＲＥＥ富集、无Ｅｕ异常;δＮｄ（ｔ）值高,为５．３９。（＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ）ｉ低,为０．７０２７。这些特征表明西湾斜长花岗岩是大洋斜长花岗岩。在Ｌａ／Ｓｍ－Ｌａ图中,该斜长花岗岩与超基性岩和基性岩的分离结晶趋势不一致,所以它不是岩浆分离结晶的产物,而可能是基性岩石小比例部     

闽浙古元古代斜长角闪岩的离子探针锆石U-Pb年代学

闽西北-浙西南的古元古代斜长角闪岩是目前华夏地块出露的最老岩石。对代表性样品进行了元素和离子探针锆石U-Pb年龄分析,其年龄为（1766±19）Ma。结合前人对该地区片麻状花岗岩的锆石U－Pb和Nd同位素的研究资料,认为浙西南-闽西北地区在1.77Ga前发生了广泛的板内玄武岩浆活动,华夏古陆很可能是在古元古代晚期由太古亩地壳再循环物质重熔结晶克拉通化而形成的。     

国外大地电磁响应函数估计方法

从本质上来说,能否得到大地电磁响应函数的无偏估计,取决于实测电磁场时间序列中所含噪声的类型和强度。当磁场时间序列不含噪声且电场仅含不相关噪声时,单站ＲｏｂｕｓｔＬＳ方法是有效的;当磁场和电场时间序列同时含有不相关噪声时,Ｒｏｂｕｓｔ远参考方法也是有效的;但当磁场和电场时间序列含较强的相关噪声时,已有的方法已无能为力。文中在简要回顾大地电磁法的发展历史之后,对国外估计大地电磁响应函数的方法作了较全面的总结和评述,并着重介绍了几种值得关注的新方法。应该指出,受欢迎的方法必须兼顾估计的精度、稳定性和野外工作效率。     

基于运动检测的飞行区车辆差分北斗/SINS组合导航

针对机场飞行区车载差分北斗/SINS组合导航系统中卫星信号衰弱、断续和中断时引起导航系统精度降低的问题,提出一种基于运动检测的高精度组合导航方法。该方法基于运动检测的差分北斗/SINS组合导航系统框架,根据车辆运动的特性,利用零速修正与动态零速修正相结合的模式来约束SINS误差;建立系统误差最优估计状态方程和量测方程,并结合惯性测量单元输出的陀螺和加速度计信息以及SINS输出速度来实现车辆运动状态的检测;最后通过车载实验验证该方法的可行性。结果表明,卫星信号有效时,差分北斗/SINS组合导航定位精度优于1 m;相比于传统运动学约束技术,2.5 km信号中断场景下,组合导航系统的经度误差最大值由5.21 m减小为1.35 m。     

Active Source Tomography in Northwestern Xinjiang,China:Implication for Mineral Distribution

The main aim of this work is to understand the distribution of minerals by obtaining a shallow velocity structure around the Karatungk(喀拉通克) region.Data were acquired in 2009 by a denser array in deploying a transportable seismometer with 4.5 Hz vertical geophone.All the P-wave arrival times are picked automatically with Akaike information criterion,and then checked man-machine interactively by short-receiver geometry.The database for local active-source tomographic in-version involves 4 241 P-wave arrival ...