Rheological Properties of Mantle Peridotites at Yushigou in the North Qilian Mountains and Their Implicationsfor Plate Dynamics

This paper discusses in detail the deformation textures, glide system, petrofabrics and olivine dislocation microstructures of mantle peridotites at Yushigou in the North Qilian Mountains, northwestern China. The peridotites have undergone high-pressure, high-temperature and low-strain rate plastic flow deformation. According to the dynamic recrystallized-grain size of olivine and the average spacing between the dislocation walls as well as the chemical composition of enstatite, the authors calculated the rheological parameters of the ancient upper mantle in the study area as follows: temperatures 1025-1093℃; pressures 3043-4278 MPa; depths 95-132 km; deviatoric stress 28-32 MPa; strain rates 0.2×10-14-2.13×10-14s-1 and equivalent viscosities 0.45×1020-4.65×1020 Pa · s. These parameters suggest that the position where plastic flow took place was correspondent to the low-velocity zone beneath the oceanic lithosphere and that oceanization characterized by middle-velocity (1-3 cm/a) sea-floor spreadi     

塔里木盆地阿瓦提—满加尔低梁构造特征和形成演化

阿瓦提－满加尔低梁是介于阿瓦提凹陷与满加尔凹陷之间一个特殊的隆起构造，其在东西向上表现为宽缓的隆起形态，而在南北方向上则为凹陷面貌。该区沉积盖层可分为下、中、上3个构造层。下构造层由震旦系－泥盆系构成，所谓阿－满低梁主要即发育于该构造层。上构造层由白垩系－第四系构成，构造形态为－北西倾斜坡。由石炭系－三叠系构成的中构造层则是上、下构造层构造形态的过渡，总体上仍呈西北倾。阿－满低满自前震旦纪末塔里木运动以来经历了4大演化发展阶段：震旦纪－泥盆纪阿－满低梁形成发育阶段、石炭纪－三叠纪阿－满低梁改造阶段、侏罗纪－早第三纪北东倾斜坡发育阶段与晚第三纪－第四纪现今构造形成阶段。     

藏北羌塘盆地西部查桑地区结构及构造特征

通过对近年新获得的航磁、重力、大地电磁测深和地质等资料的综合研究揭示,羌塘西部隆起查桑段具有明显的南北分带、东西分块和垂向分层的结构、构造特征。该区总体由两(东部)、三(西部)个东西向展布的大型南倾构造块体推覆叠置而成,其间又被数条近南北向断裂分割为若干个断块。各块带出露地层时代、结构构造和地球物理场特征有较大差别。在查桑段及邻区,地壳中上部有两个低阻层,所在的深度分别为15±5km和约40km之下。壳内上部低阻层主要分布在查桑段及其以南,为各块体总体向北运动和逆掩叠覆之底部主拆离推覆面,该区各南倾大断裂均向下收敛并交会到该层。下部低阻层的展布超出了查桑段,向北已达北羌塘坳陷,其影响的范围可能更为广阔。此南北分带、多块叠置的结构和复杂多变的地球物理场特征,仅孤零零地出现在双湖—绒马之间,不具区域意义。其形成与该区东、西两侧中生代始存在的近南北向转换断层和晚古生代可能曾发育有裂谷之背景密切相关。该区段挤压变形和叠覆隆升,始于早白垩世羌塘盆地反转期;始新世以来,印度板块碰撞遂继续向北推挤,又得到进一步的发展、加强及改造。     

Basic Characteristics of Present Movement of Major Tectonic Blocks in China‘s Continent

In order to study the present crustal movement and geodynamics in China‘s continent, a countrywide GPS monitoring network consisting of 22 stations was set up evenly on major tectonic blocks in China‘s continent in the early 1990s. Three-phase observations using the network were carried out in 1992, 1994, and 1996, respectively. In this paper, the data processing and accuracy of the three-phase observations are examined and the basic characteristics of present block movement in China‘s continent are analyzed based on the data of three-phase repeated observations. The study result indicates that the accuracy of data obtained in three-phase observations on the GPS network reaches 10-8 ～ 10-9, which is adequate to the need of monitoring of crustal movement. A model for block movement in China‘s continent constructed based on the result of the three-phase observations has effectively tested the results of geological and geophysical studies. In global framework, China‘s continent as a whole shows its clear eastward motion and its regional movement relative to Siberian block is characterized by that the western China is mainly affected by northward subduction and pushing of Indian Plate. Qinghai-Xizang Plateau shows clear eastward lateral slip simultaneously with longitudinal compression. It is more favorable to the escape model for the continent. Block movement of eastern China is under the combined effect of Indian, Pacific,and Philippine plates, resulting in northeastern and eastern motions of eastern China up to southeastern coastal region where the effect of Philippine Plate strengthens.     

勉县--略阳带大地构造属性之探讨

本文从剖析勉略带南北两侧泥盆纪-石炭纪沉积入手,指出南北两侧同属于华南古生物地理区,在沉积相、沉积建造和沉积充填序列方面基本相同,都是以浅海相碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩沉积建造和海进型充填序列为特征.其次,对所谓的"勉略蛇绿岩带"提出质疑;岩石组合和时代配置都不支持该蛇绿岩带作为分割性大洋盆地的残余,何况它有限的空间展布同样不支持上述观点.第三,将勉略带同典型的缝合带进行比较,认为勉略带缺乏典型缝合带内部及其两侧地质体的空间配置关系,诸如沟弧盆体系,俯冲杂岩及前陆盆地等.况且,根据相关的地球化学及地球物理资料,勉略带在泥盆纪-三叠纪期间不存在分割性大洋盆地,在印支运动中也没有形成缝合带.因此,提出勉略带在泥盆纪-石炭纪曾经是一个裂谷,印支运动以来历经多期构造作用形成一条构造混杂带,在陆内造山过程中可能发生过大规模的大陆地壳消减.     

大型天然黄土洞穴系统现场冲刷试验

摘 要:通过现场冲刷试验,结合勘探、调查及室内含泥率测定等手段对大型天然黄土洞穴系统的三维空间展布特征、水文特性及侵蚀特征进行了研究。结果表明:黄土洞穴系统侵蚀过程具有明显的期次性;洞穴过水流量过程曲线可分为增加阶段、相对稳定阶段和减小阶段三个特征流量段,其中在第一阶段普遍存在滞流效应,第二阶段具有小幅波动的特性,并发现洞穴内的总渗流损失量随设计注水流量的增大而有所增加;根据含泥率随时间变化曲线,分析了不同流量过程段含泥率的变化特点,通过不同工况的累积侵蚀量对比发现洞穴的侵蚀速率与流量显著正相关。从机理上对产生上述过程、现象及结果的原因进行了合理解释,为黄土潜蚀机理及潜蚀速率的研究提供了可靠的现场试验数据。     

中原邙山黄土与末次间冰期以来古季风特征

中原邙山赵下峪剖面出露S10以上黄土地层,厚度大于172.1m。末次间冰期S1古土壤厚15.7m,末次冰期L1黄土厚达77.3m,其中晚冰阶L1LL1黄土、间冰阶L1SS1古土壤和早冰阶L1LL2黄土分别厚41.6m、13.2 m和22.5 m。邙山黄土是厚度最大的晚更新世黄土地层剖面之一,记录了丰富的气候环境变化信息。用SPECMAP氧同位素曲线确定的阶段界限的日历年龄为标定点和磁化率年龄模式,获得相应的时间标尺,据以计算出S2以上各层段的平均沉积速率和分辨率。邙山黄土倒数第二间冰期以来不同冰期或冰阶与间冰期或冰阶的粒度、平均沉积速率和分辨率有很大的差异,其中以末次冰期晚冰阶L1LL1黄土的平均沉积速率为最高,达3.45 mm／a,而末次问冰期S1古土壤的沉积速率亦高达0.28 mm／a。本文主要根据赵下峪剖面的磁化率和>45μm粗颗粒含量变化曲线,并与格陵兰GRIP冰心和深海SPECMAP氧同位素曲线对比,讨论末次间冰期以来古季风特征及其相互关系。     

东秦岭金堆城花岗斑岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄、物质来源及成矿机制

通过LA-ICP-MS方法测得金堆城和老牛山花岗岩体中锆石U-Pb年龄分别为143.7±3 Ma和144.5±4.4 Ma,与金堆城钼矿床中辉钼矿的Re-Os年龄139±3.0 Ma在误差范围内一致,界定了金堆城成岩成矿时代为侏罗纪末-白垩纪初,2个岩体为同期岩浆事件的产物,与燕山运动有关.金堆城岩体较老牛山岩体富SiO₂、K₂O,岩石地球化学数据显示2个岩体都具有一致的高硅、富碱、过铝质系列和钙碱性岩石系列特征;高的ε_Sr(t)、低的ε_Nd(t)及Pb同位素图解证明2个岩体主要来自下地壳物质部分熔融,可能有少量地幔物质加入.年代学与岩石地球化学数据证实老牛山岩体和金堆城岩体的岩浆源区与岩石成因相同,推测老牛山岩体在深部发生分异演化,为金堆城小岩体提供了大量的热液和矿物质,从而出现了金堆城小岩体成大矿现象.      

紫阳文洛克统底界生物地层学新研究

通过对紫阳地区10个文洛克统底界剖面的重新观察,笔者等认为晚兰多弗里期的标准化石Oktavites spiralis(Geinitz)从未进入文洛克统,这与国际上是一致的。过去在紫阳地区所有被鉴定为C．centrifugus Boucek的标本,经详细比较均应改为C．annularis Fu,其层位都产于C．lapworthi带。近年对芭蕉口剖面进行野外调查时,笔者等采到了真正的C．centrifugus Boueek和C．murchisoni Carruthers标本,因此更加完善了C．lapworthi-C．sakmaricus-C．insectus-C．centrifugus-C．murchisoni这一弓笔石演替序列。     

北祁连山早古生代硅质岩稀土元素特征及环境指相意义

本文通过对北祁连山不同地质环境与火山岩相伴生硅质岩稀土元素特征的分析，证明产于不同地质环境硅质岩的稀土元素，特别是∑REE、Ce／Ce*、LaN／YbN具有特定的规律性变化。该研究为利用硅质岩稀土元素判定古老造山带构造环境提供了参考标准。