鄂尔多斯盆地南部上三叠统延长组震积岩的发现及地质意义

鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界延长组长6—长8中发育与地震有关的震积岩，通过岩心观测识别出的震积岩标志主要有微同沉积断裂、震裂缝、液化砂岩脉、振动液化卷曲变形构造、地震角砾岩、负荷构造及枕状层等。同时在塔17井中发现完整的震积岩垂向序列，序列自下而上分为下伏未震层、微断裂层、微褶皱层、碎块层及液化均一层，上覆未震层。该震积岩的发现为盆地构造演化提供了动力学解释，表明晚三叠世随着秦岭、南祁连海槽的封闭，南北向逆冲带发生强烈活动，是本区延长组震积作用的直接诱发因素。同时该震积岩的发现，为盆地西南部延长组长6—长8发育的大规模浊积岩的外界触发机制是由地震活动引起的提供了有力证据。     

滨海多层含水层系统中海潮引起的地下水位波动

通过对一个滨海多层含水层系统的考察,该含水层系统由上、下弱透水层和介于中间的承压含水层组成,海底露头处被淤泥层覆盖.建立了描述该系统中地下水水头随潮汐波动的数学模型,并得到其解析解.该解析解与六个基本参数有关,分别是承压含水层的海潮传播参数,淤泥层的无量纲透水系数,上下弱透层与承压含水层贮水率的比率 (无量纲)和上下弱透层的无量纲越流.当这些参数取某些特殊值时,我们的解便化简为前人考虑的几种简单情形对应的解.分析表明,承压含水层中地下水水头波幅是上、下弱透水层贮水率和越流系数的减函数,是淤泥层相对透水系数的增函数;波动相位(时滞)是上、下弱透水层贮水率和越流系数的增函数,是淤泥层相对透水系数的减函数.     

广东省某水电站上坝公路、进厂房公路地质灾害影响评估

通过对广东省某水电站公路两侧存在的地质灾害-滑坡进行稳定性分析,并结合区域地质情况对该电站上坝公路、进厂房公路两侧存在的地质灾害现状进行了评估;最后,对评估区进行了分区,同时针对不同分区提出不同的治理方案.     

Numerical simulation of groundwater flowing to horizontal seepage wells under a river

A horizontal seepage well, consisting of an interconnected vertical well, galleries, chambers and small-diameter radiating bores, is used to acquire relatively clean water that has been filtered through natural alluvial deposits in a riverbed. It has wide application, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The lack of calculation formulae or models for horizontal seepage wells, up until now, has resulted in several false applications. Based on the analysis of groundwater flow characteristics, it has been concluded that several flow regimes coexist and hydraulic head loss exists in the horizontal seepage well. To avoid the difficulty of confirming the flux or head distribution in such a complex system, the model boundary of the whole horizontal seepage well has been moved to that of just the vertical well, and the well-aquifer system was treated as a heterogeneous medium, where the horizontal seepage well itself is a highly permeability medium. A mathematical model has been developed, based on the coupled seepage-pipe flow, by the introduction of equivalent hydraulic conductivity according to different flow regimes. Then a three-dimensional finite difference numerical model, based on the mathematical model, was developed and applied to a horizontal seepage well in China. The numerical model verified the groundwater flow characteristics of the horizontal seepage well. An erratum to this article can be found at     

华北克拉通大红峪组高钾火山岩的地球化学特征及其岩石成因

华北克拉通中元古代大红峪组火山岩是一套高钾(K2O Na2O)、富铝、贫硅的碱玄岩-响质碱玄岩-响岩组合。地球化学特征显示其富集轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)(Rb,Ba,K等)、贫高场强元素(HFSE)(Th,Zr,Hf,HREE等)和弱亏损Nb,Ta的微量元素特征。稀土元素配分模式为右倾,有轻微的Eu正异常,类似于OIB的特征。较稳定的La/Nb比值和εNd(t)值,说明岩浆在上升过程中并未遭受到明显的地壳混染作用;结合岩石Nb,Ta弱亏损以及εNd(t)值为-0.66~0.63的特征,表明其地球化学特征更多的是其地幔源区的反映。因此,岩浆来源于富集地幔,可能为被俯冲交代作用改造过的深部岩石圈地幔,并有OIB特征的软流圈组分加入。构造环境分析表明,大红峪组火山岩形成于板内裂谷,其深部地球动力学过程可能与地幔柱有关。     

不同量剂凹凸棒石粘土对镉污染菜地的修复实验

凹凸棒石具有较大的比表面积和超强的吸附性能,向土壤中施加一定量的凹凸棒石粘土,会使土壤中有毒重金属元素失去活性,并能有效地阻止其向农作物转移,确保农产品安全。本次试验,利用凹凸棒石粘土特有的物化性能,对八卦洲Cd含量超标的土壤进行了修复试验研究。结果表明,在Cd超标的土壤中施加适量的凹凸棒石粘土矿物,能使芦蒿中的Cd含量降低46%,并且土质及农产品的产量均没有受到不良影响。     

A new criterion for strength of frozen sand under quick triaxial compression considering effect of confining pressure

The strength of frozen soils has been one of the most extensively studied aspects in frozen soil mechanics. When carrying out deep excavations using freezing methods, high stress states are often encountered. Therefore, the strength of frozen soils under high confining pressures is of major concern. This paper first reviews the present failure criteria for frozen soils, especially with regard to the effect of confining pressure on the strength. It is suggested that the strength consists of two components, cohesion and friction, and can be expressed by the Mohr–Coulomb criterion and in the framework of the Drucker–Prager criterion. However, these two components are both dependent on the stress state. Duncan’s equation for the friction angle is extended to frozen soils. A frozen Lanzhou fine sand is taken as study subject. The frozen sand is compressed at a high strain rate under three different temperatures and under a wide range of confining pressure. Experimental results have confirmed the generally recognized principle that the strength increases with the confining pressure up to certain value. Thereafter, it decreases with continued increase in confining pressure. Experimental data from our own tests and literature are fitted to the new criterion, which shows its validity.     

利用漫反射光谱鉴定红粘土中针铁矿和赤铁矿

针铁矿(Gt)和赤铁矿(Hm)是广泛存在于土壤和沉积物中的重要铁矿物。这两种矿物在土壤和沉积物中含量很低,常规的测试手段很难有效地测定其含量。利用反射光谱联合加热处理的方法,可对土壤及沉积物样品中针铁矿和赤铁矿进行定性或半定量测定。实验结果显示,样品加热到300℃后,针铁矿的反射光谱的一阶导数特征峰发生了变化,赤铁矿的一阶导数特征峰却没有明显的变化。因此加热前后样品反射光谱一阶导数的变化取决于针铁矿和赤铁矿的含量。利用这种方法估计黄土高原第三纪红粘土样品中的赤铁矿含量约为0.3%～0.4%,针铁矿含量约为0.5%～1%。     

新一轮基准地价更新应注意的几个问题

地价一直是土地市场上最活跃的因素,在土地储备和招标、拍卖、挂牌供地政策全面实施的情况下,如何运用价格机制调控土地市场,已成为新形势下的关键问题.城市社会经济的发展、基础设施建设的不断完善,城市地价的空间分布规律发生了变化,必须进行新一轮的基准地价更新.定期进行基准地价更新是城市社会经济发展的要求.运用数理分析和统计的方法,对新一轮基准地价更新应注意的几个问题进行了理论研究和实证研究.研究结论认为,基准地价内涵及基准条件的界定、样点地价数据的检验、基准地价结果分析是提高新一轮基准地价更新质量的重中之重.     

江汉平原农地城市流转与经济发展阶段的耦合关系

分析江汉平原2000—2004年农地城市流转时空特征,根据农地城市流转的综合变动系数,将江汉平原农地城市流转类型划分为剧变型、缓变型、相对稳定型和稳定型,并研究农地城市流转类型与经济发展阶段的关系,结果表明:在不同的经济发展阶段,农地城市流转类型也不同;在相同的经济发展阶段,如果产业结构和就业结构不同,农地城市流转类型也不同;各市、县的产业非农化、就业非农化及农地城市流转耦合系数与农地城市流转综合变动系数具有较高的一致性,这对判断农地城市流转类型具有参考作用。