双锯鱼属(Amphiprion)四种鱼种比较胚胎学研究和进化探讨

在严格控制水温和盐度条件下,对白条双锯鱼(Amphiprion frenatus)野生鱼、眼斑双锯鱼(A.ocellaris)野生鱼、海葵双锯鱼(A.percula)选育种和眼斑双锯鱼(A.ocellaris)选育种的胚胎发育进行观察比较。结果表明,所有双锯鱼几乎均稳定在一个月产卵两次,在相同的生长环境中,不同种类双锯鱼产卵时间相差不大,产卵间隔规律性较强;但胚胎发育时间有较大差别,海葵双锯鱼的选育种胚胎发育时间最长,眼斑双锯鱼的选育种最短。四种双锯鱼有着相同的胚胎发育学特征和孵化期,但胚胎发育时间不同,分别为244h、240h、260h、181h;其中卵裂期到神经胚期的发育时间差小于2h,翻转期至孵化期决定了胚胎发育时间。研究发现,不同双锯鱼胚胎发育时间可能与进化距离有关,且温度、光照周期以及卵质量与形态对其胚胎发育时间有较大影响。本研究的海葵双锯鱼选育种为纯人工选育的后代,在整个繁育过程中与野生种都有较大的差异。人工选育眼斑双锯鱼的胚胎发育时间最短,与野生眼斑双锯鱼差异明显。通过对不同双锯鱼比较胚胎学的研究可以丰富其人工选育技术,确定双锯鱼之间以及双锯鱼与其他鱼类的亲缘关系,为观赏鱼进化学说的发展和新品种选育提供依据。     

北部湾南部重力柱状样的MSCL地声学性质测量及分析

利用钻孔多参数连续记录仪(multi-sensorcorelogger,MSCL),对在南海北部湾南部海区所取得的6个孔重力柱状样进行了测量,获得了连续P波波速、湿密度和孔隙度数据。在室内实验室对柱状样分样之后的沉积物样品进行了孔隙度与湿密度的测定。利用不同的统计回归方法对所获得的6个柱状样的孔隙度与P波波速进行相关分析,并对比室内测量的P波波速、湿密度、孔隙度,建立了基于孔隙度数据对沉积物P波波速进行预测的方法,对MSCL测量方法的优缺点进行了讨论。结果表明,MSCL测量结果与实验室柱状样测定结果较为吻合。样品所在深度对声速的变化影响不大。孔隙度与声速的多项式回归,样条插值回归和GAM模型回归都获得了较高的相关系数,GAM模型可以提供一个较为接近测量值的声速预测方法。MSCL用来测量海底沉积物,可以获得大量的高密度、高精度的沉积物地声学及其他参数数据,但是,如果空气混入沉积物样品中则会导致MSCL测量结果失真。该研究为使用MSCL在区域海底地声学性质、恢复区域海洋沉积历史、海底地声学模型建立等研究提供了参考。     

Isolation and diversity analysis of heterotrophic bacteria associated with sea anemones

A study was undertaken to investigate the heterotrophic bacterial flora associated with the sea anemones. Samples of the sea anemones Anthopleura midori were collected from the coast of Weihai and bacteria were isolated from these samples. Additionally, high numbers of viable bacteria were obtained from the celom wall and surface of anemone, the community of cultivable bacteria was very diverse. As a result of this isolation, 60 strains were obtained, 56 of them were selected for identification and characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and limited phenotypic testing. Among these isolates, 16 strains were phylogenetically related to members of the genus Pseudoalteromonas and neighboring taxa. Other isolates included members of the genera Colwellia, Vibrio, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Endozoicomonas, Roseovarius, Paracoccus, Loktanella, Leisingera, Sulfitobacter, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Plantibacter, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Joostella, Psychroserpens, Cellulophaga, Krokinobacter, Polaribacter and Psychrobacter. Seven potential novel species were found. Among 60 strains, 17 of them can produce proteolytic exoenzyme, 20 can produce lipolytic exoenzyme. Strain NQ8 has strong antagonistic effects on some Vibrio strains. This study demonstrates that the culturable fraction of bacteria from the sea anemones Anthopleura midori is diverse and appears to possess much potential as a source for the discovery of novel bioactive materials.     

南海神狐海域表层沉积物稀土元素地球化学

南海神狐海域表层沉积物稀土元素总量变化较大,分布范围为66.8～218.3μg/g,平均值为128.1μg/g,相对接近于中国黄土(w(∑REE)=170.66μg/g);∑REE受"粒度效应"控制,主要富集于黏土质粉砂中;各类沉积物及与中国黄土、上陆壳和珠江口沉积物的稀土元素标准化曲线的变化趋势基本一致,表明这些沉积物具有相同的物源区,且具有大陆地壳性质。铈的负异常主要受陆源源区气候环境变化控制,而与海水关系不大。∑REE与CaO、CaCO3和Sr元素呈负相关,与Al2O3、K2O、SiO2呈正相关,表明稀土元素与生物作用基本无关,可能主要吸附于黏土矿物表面和赋存于陆源碎屑矿物的晶格中。     

一种新型三维水流数值模型

以不可压缩流体的N-S方程为基本控制方程,用快速粒子level set方法(FPLS)追踪自由表面,提出了一种新的三维水流数值模型。在自由表面处应用虚拟压力法来封闭压力泊松方程,同时用速度等值外插的方法构造自由表面外侧的虚拟速度分布。通过模拟水波振荡、水柱崩塌、水滴滴落和空箱注水过程证明了模型的有效性。     

基于平板型Web论坛的信息抽取研究

Web论坛信息抽取是Web论坛分析的预处理步骤.在舆情分析研究中,论坛帖子的各种属性是分析舆论话题演变的重要数据;由于平板型网络论坛页面的结构,使帖子的回复对象属性抽取较难实现.通过对平板型网络论坛结构及论坛用户网络发帖习惯的研究,针对平板结构网络论坛提出了一个抽取方案,实现了对帖子的各种属性的信息抽取.     

夏季海洋上混合层深度分布研究——Argo资料与Levitus资料的比较

利用Argo资料计算了准全球海洋夏季的混合层深度(MLD),并与Levitus资料计算所得的MLD进行了比较.结果表明,用Argo资料计算的全球夏季MLD总体上比Levitus资料的大.低纬20°S～20°N以及南半球40°～60°S等区域Levitus资料计算的MLD大部分明显小于Argo资料计算的MLD;北半球40°～60°N等区域Levitus资料计算的MLD略小于Argo资料的;而20°～40°N以及20°～40°S等混合层较浅的海区以及纬度高于60°N以及60°S的海区2种资料计算的MLD差别不大.南大洋MLD非常大,其中小部分海域用Levitus资料计算的MLD比Argo资料计算的MLD大100 m以上.     

基于神经网络和卡尔曼滤波算法的说话人识别

首先从语音信号中提取出特征参数:线性预测倒谱系数(LPCC)和用小波包提取的小波特征参数(WPC);语音特征分类模型则选择多层前馈式神经网络(MBP网络),并将奇异值分解运用到扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法中作为神经网络的学习算法.仿真结果表明,小波特征参数具有良好的识别效果;同时采用改进后的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法使人工神经网络具有更稳定、更准确的分类性能.     

The reflection of regular and irregular waves by a partially perforated caisson breakwater on a step bed

This study examines the reflection of regular and irregular waves from a partially perforated caisson breakwater located on a step bed. The step bed is treated as an idealized rubble mound foundation. Based on the linear potential theory, an analytical solution is developed to calculate the reflection coefficient of the structure subjected to regular waves. The matched eigenfunction expansion method is used for the solution. The regular wave method is also extended to irregular waves using a linear transfer function. The calculated results obtained for limiting cases are exactly the same as corresponding results given by the previous researchers. The present predictions also agree well with experimental data in the published literatures. Numerical experiments are conducted to examine the variations of the reflection coefficient versus its main effect factors, and some interesting results are presented.