紫花苜蓿种植对山地荒沟客土理化性质的影响

试验在客土回填后的山地荒沟,设置紫花苜蓿草地试验区,连续2 a研究紫花苜蓿种植对客土理化性质的影响,结果得出:自然条件下,春季播种紫花苜蓿,可以加速山区荒沟植被恢复,改善客土理化性质,播种后第2 a,地上生物量与覆盖度达到最高,分别为2 1.5 kg/hm2和74.1%,0~10 cm土层中pH值明显降低,土壤速效钾相对增加,全氮、碱解氮含量显著提高,达到0.657 g/kg与39.54 mg/kg;播种后第3 a,10~20 cm土层内土壤容重显著减小,达1.241 g/cm3,总孔隙度显著提高,5.0~17.5 cm土层土壤紧实度显著降低,同时,0~10 cm土层速效磷含量下降速度相对减缓,有机质含量显著升高,达到9.253 g/kg。     

Heat capacity of γ-Fe2SiO4 between 5 and 303 K and derived thermodynamic properties

A multi-anvil device was used to synthesize 24 mg of pure γ-Fe₂SiO₄ crystals at 8.5 GPa and 1,273 K. The low-temperature heat capacity (C _p) of γ-Fe₂SiO₄ was measured between 5 and 303 K using the heat capacity option of a physical properties measurement system. The measured heat capacity data show a broad λ-transition at 11.8 K. The difference in the C _p between fayalite and γ-Fe₂SiO₄ is reduced as the temperature increases in the range of 50–300 K. The gap in C _p data between 300 and 350 K of γ-Fe₂SiO₄ is an impediment to calculation of a precise C _p equation above 298 K that can be used for phase equilibrium calculations at high temperatures and high pressures. The C _p and entropy of γ-Fe₂SiO₄ at standard temperature and pressure (S°₂₉₈) are 131.1 ± 0.6 and 140.2 ± 0.4 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹, respectively. The Gibbs free energy at standard pressure and temperature (ΔG° _f,298) is calculated to be −1,369.3 ± 2.7 J mol⁻¹ based on the new entropy data. The phase boundary for the fayalite–γ-Fe₂SiO₄ transition at 298 K based on current thermodynamic data is located at 2.4 ± 0.6 GPa with a slope of 25.4 bars/K, consistent with extrapolated results of previous experimental studies.     

高力罕凹陷地浸砂岩型铀成矿条件浅析及远景预测

高力罕凹陷为二连盆地乌尼特坳陷的一个组成部分,由有相似构造发育史的分散小湖盆(洼槽)集合而成的沉积盆地。结构复杂,表现出分割性强,多洼槽多沉积中心,岩相变化大的特点。通过对高力罕凹陷的构造特征、结构特征、沉积特征、岩性发育特征及铀成矿条件的分析,认为高力罕凹陷具有良好的铀矿找矿前景。提出该地区的找矿方向,具有一定的参考意义。     

Geochemistry of the high-Mg andesites at Zhangwu, western Liaoning: Implication for delamination of newly formed lower crust

Ten volcanic samples at Zhangwu,western Liaoning Province,North China were selected for a sys-tematic geochemical,mineralogical and geochronological study,which provides an opportunity to ex-plore the interaction between the continental crust and mantle beneath the north margin of the North China craton.Except one basalt sample(SiO2= 50.23%),the other nine samples are andesitic with SiO2 contents ranging from 53% to 59%.They have relatively high MgO(3.4%―6.1%,Mg#=50―64) and Ni and Cr contents(Ni 27×10?6―197×10?6,Cr 51×10?6―478×10?6).Other geochemical characteristics of Zhangwu high-Mg andesites(HMAs) include strong fractionation of light rare earth elements(LREE) from heavy rare earth elements(HREE),and Sr from Y,with La/Yb greater than 15,and high Sr/Y(34― 115).Zircons of andesite YX270 yield three age groups with no Precambrian age,which precludes ori-gin of the Zhangwu HMAs from the partial melting of the Precambrian crust.The oldest age group peaking at 253 Ma is interpreted to represent the collision of the Siberia block and the North China block,resulting in formation of the Central Asian orogenic belt by closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.The intermediate age group corresponds to the basalt underplating which caused the wide-spread coeval granitoids in the North China craton with a peak 206Pb/238U age of 172 Ma.The youngest age group gives a 206Pb/238U age of 126±2 Ma,which is interpreted as the eruption age of the Zhangwu HMAs.The high 87Sr/86Sri(126 Ma)>0.706 and low εNd(t)= ?6.36―?13.99 of the Zhangwu HMAs are distinct from slab melts.The common presence of reversely zoned clinopyroxene phenocrysts in the Zhangwu HMAs argues against the origin of the Zhangwu HMAs either from melting of the water saturated mantle or melting of the lower crust.In light of the evidence mentioned above,the envisaged scenario for the formation of the Zhangwu HMAs is related to the basaltic underplating at the base of the crust,which led to the thickening of the lower crust and formation of lower crustal eclogite,followed by foundering of the eclogitic lower crust into the asthenosphere.The foundered eclogite then melted and the resul-tant melts interacted with surrounding peridotite during their upward transport,which finally produced the high-Mg andesites.This well explains the high-Mg adakitic characters and absence of ancient in-herited zircon in the Zhangwu lavas.     

模糊综合评判方法在灌溉用水水质评价中的应用

松源市地处干旱半干旱地区，农业灌溉是粮食增产非常重要的措施。在灌溉中水质是保证粮食和土地质量的非常关键的问题。在分析灌溉用水水质评价方法的基础上，采用模糊综合评判的方法，选择酸度、碱度和矿化度为评价因子的计算方法，同时简述了模糊综合评价方法的原理及四种评价模型。用实例说明了评价步骤，最后对松源市地下水灌溉水质进行评价，其结果合理、可信。     

振幅处理技术在探地雷达资料处理中的应用

作者在文中简述了在自激自收（10天线距）的探地雷达资料处理中，振幅处理（振幅恢复、道内振幅平衡）和道间振幅均衡的方法原理。在实现编程后，应用于实际资料处理，用以增强雷达的深部弱信号，平衡道内的振幅能量和滤除干扰噪声，取得了良好的效果。     

湛江一次降水过程的最佳雨滴谱分析

简述采用滤纸色斑法对一次层积云降水过程进行取样 ,取得 2 9份雨滴谱 ,通过 4种不同方法 ,对这次雨滴谱进行拟合 ,并将所得经验公式进行优化 ,取得本次降水的最佳雨滴谱分布方程     

环境大气对积云发展的影响

为了能更实际客观地模拟天气的发展变化，在胡志晋教授的一维时变积云数值模式的基础上考虑了环境大气与积云群的发生、发展及降水之间的相互作用，保留了原模式所有的微物理过程，建立了一维积云时变套柱模式。此模式不仅能模拟积云，还可以模拟积云在层状云中发展变化，以及模拟环境大气具有辐合辐散场时积云的发展。     

河南省汛期气候预测概念模型

在河南省6种雨型的基础上，分析了物理要素海温、季风、西太平洋副高及气候因子和河南省汛期降水的关系，给出了河南省汛期降水的气候预测概念模型。通过逻辑推理，可以具体预测雨型。     

地幔流体及其成矿作用

高灵敏度、高精密度、低检出限、多元素同时检测并可提供同位素组成比值信息的等离子体质谱与高空间分辨率的紫外激光采样技术结合 ,可定量地测定单个流体包裹体中常、微量元素含量 ,为成矿流体的研究提供了一个新的研究手段。文中简要地介绍了激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱 (LA ICP MS)分析仪器的发展 ,结合实验室的研究工作 ,就激光剥蚀池的设计、单个流体包裹体的剥蚀方法、元素的分馏效率、定量校正技术及其在成矿成因物理化学机制研究中的应用等进行评述 ,并阐述单个流体包裹体元素组成的LA ICP MS分析技术存在的局限和发展趋势。