轮南地区奥陶系原油特征及其控制因素

轮南地区油气相态分布非常复杂,奥陶系油气藏平面上具有西油东气的特点。西部轮古西油田、塔河油田和轮南1井区油族成熟度略低且有生物降解痕迹,主要以重油形式分布;东部地区油族成熟度略高,主要以轻质油、凝析油形式存在;中间地段桑塔木断垒带、中部平台区和轮南断垒带发生混合作用形成了中一高蜡油。各地区油气在垂向上变化很大,东部地区奥陶系和石炭系为凝析油气,三叠系又为正常油分布区;西部地区奥陶系为稠油,三叠系为正常油。轮南地区奥陶系在纵向上可能受控于岩溶和储层的发育程度,横向上受控于断裂作用。轮南地区油气成藏时间较早,不同物性的原油都是古油藏多期供油的结果。     

发挥自身优势 扩大经营 走探采一体化道路

煤炭地质勘查单位,通过几十年的艰苦奋斗,不仅为国家找出了大量的煤炭资源,同时也积累了丰富的管理、施工和技术工作经验,以及大量的地质资料。应该发挥自身优势,充分利用大量的以往地质资料,结合新的找矿理论和先进的地面勘查手段,加大人才培养和引进力度,逐步提升专业技术人员的学识和科技水平,加强基础地质工作,不断寻找新的工作靶区,把握住煤炭勘查市场的主动权。抓住机遇,做好资金积累,加强资本运做,充分利用已有探矿权,走探采一体化道路,做精做强到做大地勘单位,是生存和发展的良好出路。     

小面元三维地震勘探技术在西山屯兰矿南五采区的应用

屯兰矿南五采区地形复杂,最大高差达271m,地表大面积为第四系黄土覆盖,激发困难。为探索研究小面元三维地震勘探技术的应用效果。在常规三维地震勘区域内划出1km^2,采用5m×5m小面元进行采集。在地震数据采集过程中,采取了加大激发井深、提高覆盖次数、减小CMP面元网格和加大接收排列等技术措施,做到“四小三高、二中一深、两个等高面”。通过插值、抽线及扩大面元处理。获得2．5m×2．5m×1ms、5m×5m×1ms、5m×10m×1ms、10m×10m×1ms以及不同叠加次数的三维数据体。资料解释工作主要是在5m×5m×1ms、2．5m×2．5m×1ms两个数据体上进行,解释落差大于或等于5m的断层6条,落差3～5m的断层8条;查明长轴直径20～30m的陷落柱4个。30～100m的陷落柱1个,大于100m的陷落柱3个。与相邻区常规三维地震比较,小面元三维地震勘探有利于对小陷落柱、小断层的控制和解释。     

试论我国城市发展方针

在执行重重工业的发展战略和城乡分割体制的计划经济背景下,我国制定了“控制大城市规模,合理发展中等城市,积极发展小城市”的城市建设方针。但是分析表明,这一方针不能适应市场经济和对外开放形势的需要,也不符合我国人多地少、农村剩余劳动力多的国情,必须调整现有的城市发展方针,选择适宜的城市化发展道路。因此,本文就适度发展大中城市,提高城市现代化水平;加速乡村城市化,积极合理发展小城镇;以及根据不同地区的具体情况,因地制宜地指定城市化途径等方面作了探讨。     

Estimation of statistical parameters for censored lognormal hydraulic conductivity measurements

Field tests of hydraulic conductivity (e.g., injection test, pumping test, etc.) in low permeability formations are subject to censoring due to the detection limit of the instruments used. An iterative method of estimating the mean and variance of hydraulic conductivity data with a presumed log-normal distribution function is presented. This method accounts for the data that are actually below the lower detection limit (called truncated data) and thus gives distribution parameters that are more representative for the underlying distribution. The proposed method is then tested on two simulated normally distributed random datasets having different variances. The results show that the means and variances estimated by the proposed method are very accurate. Finally, the method is used to estimate the mean and variance of hydraulic conductivity data from single hole water injection tests in a fractured geological formation.     

肯尼亚Anza盆地东南部重力场及构造特征

肯尼亚Anza盆地东南部地处东非裂谷系，发育了巨厚的中—新生界沉积盖层。然而，该区域勘探程度较低，制约了对其构造体系的认识及油气勘探潜力的评价。文章基于研究区的重力异常数据，针对其构造特征的认识进行了数据处理及解释。研究结果表明，受中非剪切带右旋剪切应力的影响，研究区发育规模较大的北西向基底断裂和规模较小的北东向盖层断裂，且北东向断裂切断北西向断裂；基底深度差异大，总体呈"两凹夹一隆"的特征，凹陷区沉积了巨厚的中—新生界盖层；受北西向拉张断裂和沿构造软弱带发育的北东向断裂的控制，研究区划分为东部凹陷、中部凸起、南部隆起和西部凹陷4个构造单元，呈现"东西分带、南北分块"的构造格局。      

Adsorption of aluminium by a latosol as affected by phosphate and glutamic acid

The effect of phosphate and glutamic acid on adsorption of aluminium onto a latosol was investigated as a function of pH and ligand concentrations through batch equilibrium experiments. The results showed that adsorption of aluminium by the soil was enhanced after addition of phosphate at low pH, and this promotive effect was gradually eliminated with the increase in pH. The positive effect of phosphate on aluminium adsorption onto latosol was attributed to phosphate-induced surface negative charge and formation of ternary surface complexes involving aluminium and phosphate. While using silica as adsorbent, the inactive surfaces for phosphate, promotion of adsorption of aluminium by phosphate was also found. Then it was proposed that additional aluminium might bind to the phosphate adsorbed onto the silica in the form of surface complexes silica–aluminium–phosphate again, and the mechanism might operate in the soil systems as well. Glutamic acid exhibited no influence on the adsorption of aluminium by the soil at low pH. After increasing the pH, adsorption of aluminium was inhibited especially with the highest addition of glutamic acid, probably owing to weak affinity of complexes between glutamic acid and aluminium to the soil.     

青海热水柴达尔井田构造组合型式

柴达尔井田构造可分为压缩机制的推覆构造与伸展机制的断块体两类。南北F0为逆冲型的控制性边界断裂，井田内部一系列小型弧形构造为逆掩型浅层断裂；F1、F2、F17，是拉伸作用下的同沉积正断层，切断煤系基底T3地层。其动力机制为印度板块向北推移、西伯利亚板块向南运移发生对挤，脆一韧性剪切变形导致了井用现有的构造组合形式。     

Early Estimation of Seismic Hazard for Strong Earthquakes in Taiwan

A shakemap system providing rapid estimates of strong ground shaking could be useful for emergency response providers in a damaging earthquake. A hybrid procedure, which combines site-dependent ground motion prediction models and the limited observations of the Real-Time Digital stream output system (RTD system operated by Central Weather Bureau, CWB), was set up to provide a high-resolution shakemap in a near-real-time manner after damaging earthquakes in Taiwan. One of the main factors that affect the result of ground motion prediction analysis is the existence of site effects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the local site effects and their influence in the ground shaking and then establish an early estimation procedure of potential hazard for damaging earthquakes. Based on the attenuation law, the site effects of each TSMIP station are discussed in terms of a bias function that is site and intensity-level dependent function. The standard deviation of the site-dependent ground motion prediction model can be significantly reduced. The nonlinear behavior of ground soil is automatically taken into account in the intensity-level dependent bias function. Both the PGA and the spectral acceleration are studied in this study. Based on the RTD data, event correctors are calculated and applied to precisely estimate the shakemap of damaging earthquakes for emergency response.