A study of234U/238U ratios in groundwaters of Taiyuan area,Shanxi Province

Uranium contents and²³⁴U/²³⁸U ratios have been determined on 29 water samples from the Taiyuan area, Shanxi Province. The results show that the same artesian aquifer has similar uranium contents and²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratios, and the deeper aquifers have higher A. R. values but lower uranium contents. The A. R. values increase slightly towards groundwater flow in the artesian aquifers dominated by oxidizing ground waters. The Lancun Spring and the famous Jinci Spring belong to two different karst groundwater systems, i.e., the east and west karst groundwater systems. The recharge area of the Lancun Spring should cover the wide limestone outcrops of middle Ordovician in the northeast. The Ordovician fissure-karst ground water to the Jinci Spring is extensively mixed with fissure water in Carboniferous-Jurassic formations and seepage water from the Fenhe River.     

华北强震孕育的地震活动性

通过对华北第四活跃期高潮期强震发生前中小地震的时、空、强分布图象的研究,发现每次七级以上强震发生前区域地震活动都经历过一个类似的阶段性变化过程,我们称为强震孕育阶段过程。华北地震活动高潮期就是由若干个这样的孕震过程所组成。华北强震孕育过程都可以划分为三个不同的时期,即预备期(A期)、激进期(B期)、逼震期(C期)。这三个时期地震活动具有的特点和某些规律性反映了华北地下介质应力应变的变化过程与现有的破裂机制概念相一致。因此认为强震的孕育不仅取块于区域应力场的作用,而且与区域内中小地震活动的变化和进程密切相关,同时提出一个简单的孕震模式——“阻导模式”。     

A preliminary study on mineralogical and chemical compositions of some chondrites falling in China

Samples are available from 37 stony meteorites falling in China. Twenty-two chondrites are examined in terms of chemical and mineral compositions, cosmogenic nuclides, formation and exposure ages, impact effect and chondrule textures. On the basis of chemical-petrologic features these chondrites are classified asE ₄ (Qingzhen),H ₅ (Jilin, Changde, Shuangyang, Anlong, Xinyi and Yangjang),L ₆ (Renqiu, Junan, Heze, Rugao and Nei Monggol) andLL ₆ (Dongtai). E ₄ is characterized by high iron and sulfur, with the former occurring mainly as Fe^o and FeS. FromH ₅ throughH ₆ toLL ₆, iron and nickel decrease gradually while FeO and the ratio of Fe silicate to total iron increase gradually. indicating a general increase in the orderE-H-L-LL in the degree of oxidation at the time of formation. E ₄ consists mainly of enstatite and, to much less extent, free SiO₂ but olivine is hardly to be found. The olivine proportions amount to 29.07, 41.98 and 51.36 percent inH ₅,L ₆ andLL ₆ respectively, with Fa increasing from 17 to 27 percent. Recrystallization has been noticed to different degrees inH ₄,H ₅,L ₆ andLL ₆ chondrites. The extent to which the original structure disappears and the boundaries of chondrules become indistinct decreases from type 6 through type 5 to type 4, reflecting different degrees of thermal metamorphism. Major minerals in the meteorites all exhibit signs of low to medium shock metamorphism. Specific activity, depth effect and orbit effect are also measured on some chondrites that have fallen in recent years and some new information has been obtained with respect to the orbit and source region for meteorite parent bodies in space. This results show that the environment of formation ofE group may be nearer to Mars than that ofO group. Each chemical group of chondrites has its own evolutionary history, and chondritets of different chemical groups may have originated from parent bodies of different compositions. Or owing to the differentiation caused by thermal melamorphism, various kinds of meteorites may be derived from a common parent body. From this argument it is suggested that five stages may be recognized during the formation process of chondrites.     

鄂西二叠系生物礁的基本特征及其发育规律

鄂西二叠系生物礁分布于利川县境,它是由海绵、水螅等造架生物组成的典型的生物礁,其层位属晚二叠世长兴组,出露于见天坝、黄泥塘等地(图1)。此生物礁从出露之完整、化石之丰富、结构之清楚来看,是我国最发育的生物礁之一。     

气压变化对石英弹簧重力仪读数的影响

根据我们在低压仓中对国产ZSM—Ⅲ型(简称Z)、美国Wodnre(简称W)及加拿大Scintrex CG—2型(简称C)8台重力仪进行气压实验的结果,气压变化和重力仪读数呈极好的线性关系,但每台仪器有不同的回归系数,因此在以地震预报为目的的高精度重力测量中,应该对野外观测的结果进行气压改正。用高差所建立的重力基线场的数值是否准确有进一步考虑的必要。     

中国北京地区大气臭氧层的基本状态及其与气象要素的相关分析

本文第一次分析研究并给出了中国北京地区大气臭氧层的基本状态:它的总含量、空间分布和时间变化特征;以及这些变化和大气环流及某些气象要素之间可能存在的相关.     

热带太平洋海表温度年际变化对降水季节内振荡的影响

根据 １９８２—１９９２年期间的日平均 ＭＳＵ（Ｓｐｅｎｃｅｒ, １９９３）海洋降水和 ５天平均的ＣＭＡＰ（Ｘｉｅ＆ Ａｒｋｉｎ, １９９７）降水观测资料,分析了热带太平洋大气季节内振荡（ＭＪＯ）的年际变化特征。在太平洋海表温度（ＳＳＴ）年际变化的正常年份（１９８２—８３年, １９８６—８８年, １９９１—９２年）,均有明显的ＭＪＯ信号传到日界线以东并在中、东太平洋维持数月。热带ＭＪＯ活动强度的年际变化与局地ＳＳＴ的变化存在正相关。中、东太平洋降水的季节内振荡的年际变化与热带太平洋ＳＳＴ的最强正相关在Ｎｉｎｏ３区附近。以观测ＳＳＴ场强迫ＣＣＭ３大气模式的数值试验基本上真实地再现了１１年期间热带太平洋降水季节内振荡的年际变化总趋势,但模拟季节内振荡的强度较观测平均偏弱。对比分别采用周平均和月平均ＳＳＴ强迫场的积分结果,发现在中、东太平洋,二个积分模拟的降水季节内振荡强度的年际变化接近并且趋势与观测基本一致,而在西太平洋二个积分的模拟结果差别较大。这表明在热带中、东太平洋,ＳＳＴ强迫的年际变化对ＭＪＯ强度的变化有强的制约。而在ＭＪＯ总体活跃的热带西太平洋,ＳＳＴ强迫场的季节变化对模拟ＭＪＯ活动也有较大影响。ＣＣＭ３模拟     

1901-1995年气候变化导致陆地生态系统净吸收碳

The spatial and temporal variability of land carbon flux over the past one hundred years was investigated based on an empirical model directly calculating soil respiration rate. Our model shows that during 1901-1995, about 44-89 PgC (equals to 0.5, 0.9 PgC/yr respectively) were absorbed by terrestrial biosphere. The simulated net ecosystem productivity (NEP) after the 1930s was close to the estimated value of" missing C sink” from deconvolution analysis. Most of the total carbon sink happened during 1951-1985 with the estimated value of 33-50 PgC. Three major sinks were located in the tropics (10°S-10°N), Northern mid-latitudes (30°-60°N) and Southern subtropics (10°-40°S). During 1940s-mid-1970s, carbon sinks by terrestrial ecosystem increased with time, and decreased after the mid-1970s. These may be due to the ch anging of climate condition, as during the 1940s-1970s, temperature decreased and precipitation increased, while after the mid-1970s, an opposite climate situation occurred with evident increasing in temperature and decreasing in precipitation. Usually, warmer and dryer climate condition is not favor for carbon absorption by biosphere and even induces net carbon release from soil, while cooler and wetter condition may induce more carbon sink. Our model results show that the net carbon flux is particularly dependent on moisture / precipitation effect despite of temperature effect. The changing of climate in the past century may be a possible factor inducing increases in carbon sink in addition to CO2 and N fertilizer.     

世界森林的数字地球监测

介绍中国风云气象卫星FY－1,FY－2对地观测数据应用于全球森林资源的分类监测。讨论中国加入WTO以后对全球森林资源再分配的新战略。以全球观点,分析贵州省的森林资源特色及其对世界的特殊贡献。评价21世纪中国森林数据库与林业管理信息系统的规划与建设。     

硬壳覆盖条件下土壤冻融期水盐运动规律研究

采用大田试验,研究了水泥硬壳覆盖后冻融期土壤温度、水分、盐分的变化规律,采用室内土柱试验,研究了冻融交替时期土壤中的水盐运动规律,试验表明,土壤水泥硬壳覆盖后土壤的冻结时间减少,冻结深度变浅;明显抑制土壤水分的无效蒸发;明显抑制土壤在融冻时期的土壤返盐,同时由于“冻层滞水”在春季的融化,有淋洗表层土壤盐分的作用,使土壤表层脱盐,土柱脱融试验进一步说明,土壤经冻融过程后,土壤中的水盐发生了重新分布。