Pathogens and pathogenicity to Penaeus orientalis Kishinouye

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ELASTIC CLASSIFICATION OF MODIFIED WATER MASS IN SHALLOW SEA

In this paper, the principle and steps for differentiating water masses by fuzzy cluster method are introduced, and a scalar formula based on Euclidean distance and a method for determining objectively the number of water masses by F-test are proposed. Consequently, a method and specific steps for differentiating modified water masses in shallow sea according to fuzzy elastic classification are given. Computation of the membership degree in which each sample belongs to every water mass determines conveniently and quantitatively the cores, boundaries of water masses and mixed zones. An example for the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea is shown and compared with previous results.     

翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera)根际与非根际沉积物常见重金属总量及化学形态变化

原子吸收光谱法和等离子光谱法分别研究了潮滩盐沼植物翅碱蓬(Suaedaheterop-tera)根际与非根际(根上部和根下部)沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的总量和化学形态。结果表明,从总量来看,不同潮滩沉积物中4种重金属次序均为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd,但同一元素随潮滩位置变化明显,尤以中潮滩差异最显著,重金属总量明显大于其他两个潮滩(低潮滩和高潮滩),特别是根际沉积物中的重金属总量远高于非根际沉积物总量,其比值分别为Cu3·4—4·2倍,Zn2·2—2·7倍,Pb3·2—3·3倍。同一潮滩均表现为根际沉积物>根上部>根下部。Cd含量相对较低,其变化不明显。从化学形态看,沉积物重金属表现为环境直接影响态(交换态和有机结合态)、环境间接影响态(碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化物态)和稳定态(残渣态)。与非根际沉积物相比,根际沉积物中重金属的化学形态发生了显著的变化,Cu和Pb以稳定态为主,其次为环境间接影响态,环境直接影响态最低;Zn与上述2种金属不同,以环境直接影响态含量最高(可交换态是有机结合态的7倍),其次分别为环境间接影响态(主要是碳酸盐结合态)和稳定态。实验结果表明,由于特异根圈效应,一方面该植物使可迁移形态的Cu和Pb在根际逐步得到矿化,使其生物可利用性降低;另一方面使Zn的生物可利用性提高,促进了植物对Zn的吸收利用。     

Refraction-Diffraction Mathematical Model for Waves With Lateral Energy Transmission Mechanism and Its Verification

To solve problems concerning wave elements and wave propagation, an effective way is the wave energy balance equation, which is widely applied in oceanography and ocean dynamics for its simple computation. The present papaer advances wave energy balance equations considering lateral energy transmission and energy loss as the governing equation for the study of wave refraction-diffraction. For the mathematical model, numerical simulation is made by means of difference method, and the result is verified with two examples.     

海水中痕量硅酸盐硅钼黄分析法研究

海水中痕量硅酸盐常用硅钼黄法测定[1-4].本文进一步研究酸度对硅钼黄形成反应的影响,采用合理的高酸度以获得较高的灵敏度和稳定性,使盐效应校正系数降低至4%.试验用人工海水工作曲线,结果免除了盐效应校正手续.试验将反应试剂事先混合后一次加入,简化了分析操作,缩短了工作时间,减少了船上的工作量.监于硅酸盐可能有聚合及水解反应,曾试验本方法制备的硅标准溶液的稳定性,结果可稳定一年之久.     

Oral Appendage Structure and Feeding Habit of Spanish Mackerel in Qingdao Coastal Waters in Spring Fishing Season

Under the influences of environmental conditions spanish mackerel begins their spawning migration northward from the end of April to the beginning of May. One branch of the spawning population migirates through the northern part of the Huanghai Sea and enters the Bohai Sea, while the other approaches to the offshore area near Qingdao.     

The description of a new kind and three new types of medusae nematocysts in the Xiamen Harbour, China

A new kind of nematocyst, heteromorphore, and three new types of nematocysts, microbasic spino-mastigophore, microbasic undulata-mastigophore, microbasic laevis-mastigophore, are described from medusae of the Xiamen Harbour and discussed by comparison with the results of other research workers.     

A Preliminary Study of Quantitative Distribution of Benthic Animals in the East China Sea Continental Shelf and Its Adiacent Waters

In October and November of 1977 and September and October of 1978,a quantitative survey of benthic animals was conducted in the East China Sea Continental Shelf and its adjacent waters(26°00'-34°00'N,124°00'-129°00'E,water depth 39-1550m),where 307 stations were dredged and 1200 samples collected.     

The evolution of the coral reefs in the middle and north parts of the South China Sea and its relation with tectonic and eustatic movements

In this paper, the morphogenesis, stratigraphic sequences and dates of the coral reefs in the middle and north parts of the South China Sea are discussed, the position of the distributary regions of Cenozoic coral reefs in plate tectonics, the relationships of coral-reef evolutionary characteristics and dates with sea-basin spreading. Neogene sea-water transgression and Quaternary global climate-eustatic fluctuation are expounded and proved, and the latitudinal variation of the distribution of coral reefs in various geologic times are summed up.