Metaphors and models: the ASR bubble in the Floridan aquifer

Studies at the intersection of cognitive science and linguistics have revealed the crucial role that metaphors play in shaping our thoughts about phenomena we cannot see. According to the domains interaction theory of cognition, a metaphoric expression sets up mappings between a target domain that we wish to understand and a familiar source domain. The source domain contains elements ("commonplaces") that we manipulate mentally, like parts of an analogue model, to illuminate the target domain. This paper applies the structure of domains interaction theory to analyze the dynamics of a metaphor in hydrogeology: the so-called bubble formed by water injected into an aquifer during aquifer storage and recovery (ASR). Of the four commonplaces of bubbles--(1) they are discrete; (2) they are geometrically simple; (3) they rise; and (4) they burst--we focus on the first two using both displacement and dispersion (tracer) models for both homogeneous and heterogeneous storage zones patterned from geological studies of the Suwannee Limestone of Sarasota County, Florida. The displacement model easily shows that "bottle brush" better represents the geometric complexity predicted from the known and inferred heterogeneity. There is virtually no difference, however, in the prediction of recovery efficiency using the dispersion model for a bubble (homogeneous flow zone) vs. bottle brush (heterogeneous flow zone). On the other hand, only the bottle brush reveals that unrecovered tracer is located preferentially in the low-permeability layers that lie adjacent to high-permeability channels in the flow zones.     

山西垣曲盆地新生代地質

一 緒言山西垣曲縣及河南澠池縣之第三紀初期地層,在一九一六年首為瑞典人安特生發見,迄至一九二一年安氏方復去該地作詳細研究,由其所採之化石,安氏認其應属於始新統,但未能確     

西北地区东部5级以上地震序列统计研究

对1970年1月至2012年12月西北地区东部51次5级以上地震序列进行统计研究,其中走滑型占58.8%,逆断和逆冲型占19.6%,正断型占11.8%。在相同破裂类型和序列类型下,主震与最大余震的震级关系线性较好,主震与最大余震时间间隔之间的线性关系较差。走滑型和逆断型地震的60%以上主震后1天内发生最大余震,正断型地震中16.7%主震后1天内发生最大余震。若序列不属双震多震类型,分析最大余震时,可利用经验公式ΔM=1.54×M-6.53。     

Geomasking sensitive health data and privacy protection: an evaluation using an E911 database

Geomasking is used to provide privacy protection for individual address information while maintaining spatial resolution for mapping purposes. Donut geomasking and other random perturbation geomasking algorithms rely on the assumption of a homogeneously distributed population to calculate displacement distances, leading to possible under-protection of individuals when this condition is not met. Using household data from 2007, we evaluated the performance of donut geomasking in Orange County, North Carolina. We calculated the estimated k-anonymity for every household based on the assumption of uniform household distribution. We then determined the actual k-anonymity by revealing household locations contained in the county E911 database. Census block groups in mixed-use areas with high population distribution heterogeneity were the most likely to have privacy protection below selected criteria. For heterogeneous populations, we suggest tripling the minimum displacement area in the donut to protect privacy with a less than 1% error rate.     

腾格里沙漠周边地区1960-2012年气候变化特征

根据腾格里沙漠周边地区9个气象站点1960-2012年逐月平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、降水量、平均相对湿度、日照时数和平均风速的观测资料,利用线性回归、滑动平均和Mann-Kendall突变检验分析了该区1960-2012年气候变化特征。结果表明:1960-2012年,腾格里沙漠周边地区年平均气温以0.34 ℃/10a的速率呈显著上升的趋势,并于1989年发生显著突变;从季节变化来看,冬季升温幅度最大,达0.52 ℃/10a;年平均最高、最低气温均呈显著上升的趋势,但是年平均最低气温的升温速率0.44 ℃/10a明显大于最高气温升温速率0.25 ℃/10a,增暖的不对称性导致年平均气温日较差以0.18 ℃/10a的速率显著减小。年降水量以1.08 mm/10a的速率增加,但变化趋势不显著,四季降水量均有不同程度的增加;湿润指数的变化亦不显著,年、春季、夏季和秋季湿润指数均有减小趋势,冬季湿润指数有增加趋势;年、季平均风速皆呈显著减小的趋势,年平均风速减小的速率为0.15 m·s^-1·(10a)^-1,日照时数以5.6 h/10a的速率呈不显著的增加趋势,各季节日照时数有不同的变化趋势,春季和夏季日照时数呈增加趋势,而秋季和冬季的日照时数呈减小趋势。     

反循环气动潜孔锤的研制及应用

针对目前正循环气动潜孔锤施工中存在的若干问题,开发研制了新型派生系列反循环气动潜孔锤,经过在水井、砂金勘探施工中的应用,取得了非常显著的效果,为我国采用此种工艺方法施工提供了一种新的产品,使得这项技术更加完善,更加成熟,应用领域更加广阔。     

金沙江-哀牢山断裂带几个富碱斑岩体的锆石U-Pb定年及地质意义

运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年方法测定了金沙江-哀牢山断裂带内4个富碱斑岩的年龄.结果表明:剑川地区角闪正长斑岩形成时间为(37.6±2.2)Ma,姚安地区黑云母二长斑岩具有2组锆石U-Pb年龄数据,较年轻的一组为(36.86±0.63)Ma,较老的一组为(40.41±0.24)Ma,姚安黑云母角闪正长斑...     

李少白——拍长城与死神擦肩而过

风光摄影家李少白拍摄故宫．采用独特视角,为人们展示了一个博大、深邃的世界;他拍撮的长城,尽显“野味”,让长城还归于平凡和原生状态。     

伊盟行署领导慰问气象职工

元月 2 5日 ,伊盟行署副盟长高云峰、徐万山等领导一行 7人 ,到盟气象局慰问气象职工。慰问组的同志与职工亲切座谈 ,气氛热烈。高云峰副盟长对气象部门近年来在工、农、牧业生产和伊盟经济建设方面所做的贡献予以肯定和表扬。他代表盟委、行署各大班子对辛勤工作的全体气象职工表示亲切慰问和节日的祝贺 ,并赠送了慰问信和慰问金。高副盟长还就落实地方津补贴问题提出建设性意见伊盟行署领导慰问气象职工@辑言