冀东地区～3.8Ga TTG岩石发现

始太古代及形成时代更古老的岩石十分稀少,任何新的发现都是对最早期陆壳形成演化研究的重要贡献.本文首次报道了华北克拉通冀东地区～3.8 Ga TTG岩石的年龄和地球化学组成.样品J2012为花岗闪长质片麻岩,J2013为侵入花岗闪长质片麻岩的花岗闪长岩脉,也遭受变质变形.两者的岩浆锆石年龄分别为3785±8 Ma和3773±6 Ma.尽管岩石的常量元素组成和形成时代类似,但稀土模式明显不同.样品J2012的TREE(稀土总量)和(La/Yb)n比值分别为139.2×10-6和8.44,组成特征与北美4.03 Ga Acasta片麻岩类似,岩浆作用发生在相对低压的条件下,岩浆作用过程中无石榴子石参与而有斜长石存在.样品J2013的TREE和(La/Yb)n比值分别为163.5×10-6和51.16.轻重稀土强烈分异要求花岗闪长岩形成于石榴子石稳定和斜长石不稳定的高压条件下.研究表明,冀东地区在～3.8 Ga时TTG岩浆作用就显示出多样性,支持了古太古代早期—冥古宙陆壳基底广泛存在的认识.根据始太古代岩石类型和组成特征等综合对比,认为鞍本和冀东是华北克拉通2个不同的古陆核形成演化中心.     

湖南仁里稀有金属矿田36号伟晶岩地球化学特征、成矿时代及其意义

位于幕阜山岩体西南缘的仁里稀有金属矿田是近年来华南地区新发现的一处重要花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿产地,铌钽矿体赋存于岩体内外接触带伟晶岩中,具有明显成矿分带性.文章选取仁里矿床岩体内接触带36号伟晶岩脉为研究对象,开展伟晶岩的地球化学及云母Ar-Ar年代学研究,探讨其与花岗岩围岩成因关系及岩体内接触带伟晶岩的成岩成矿时代,以丰富仁里矿田稀有金属成矿作用研究.研究表明,36号伟晶岩具高硅(w(SiO2)为72.87％～76.21％)、高铝(w(Al2O3)为13.69％～15.14％)、低钙镁铁、相对富碱(w(Na2O+K2O)为6.59％～8.33％)、(高钾)钙碱性及过铝质特征;微量元素总体富集Nb、Ta、Hf、U等高场强元素(HFSE),相对亏损Ba、Sr等离子亲石元素(LILE);稀土元素总量(ΣREE)13.95×10-6～71.63×10-6,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,具壳源特征.白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为早白垩世(136.6±1.4)Ma,成矿作用发生于仁里矿田稀有金属大规模成矿的早阶段.地球化学及矿物学特征显示,36号伟晶岩与花岗岩围岩具有良好的演化关系,结合野外观察现象及成岩年龄,认为36号伟晶岩为花岗质岩浆侵位后残余岩浆结晶分异的产物,母岩为中粗粒片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩.     

The U-Pb Geochronology and Lu-Hf Isotope Compositions of Detrital Zircons from the Nanhua Group of the Longsheng Region, South China and their Implications for Pan-African Events

It is unclear whether the South China blocks have an affinity with continental Gondwana due to a lack of direct Pan-African magmatic and metamorphic features. In this study, we conducted U-Pb geochronological and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses for detrital zircons from a sandstone of the Chang’an Formation of the Nanhua Group in the Longsheng region of northern Guangxi, with the aim of constraining the timing of sedimentation and information as to its source, as well as seeking evidence for Pan-African events in the South China blocks. The results show that the ages of detrital zircons peaked at 654.7 ± 6.2 Ma, 773.2 ± 4.1 Ma and 821.9 ± 6.5 Ma, with some at 920–870 Ma; the youngest age indicates the existence of the Pan-African thermal event. The εHf(t) and TDM2 values demonstrate that the study area has experienced three stages of crustal growth at 3.0–2.4 Ga, 2.1–1.5 Ga and 1.3–0.9 Ga. With intensively distributed Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic and granitic plutons emplaced at 830–810 Ma along the southwestern section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt and positive εHf(t) values from a large group of zircon grains, it is proposed that the sediments of the Chang’an Formation (of Nanhua Group) were largely sourced from the southeastern margin of the Yangtze block. Comparison with the zircon age spectra of the Cathaysian block shows that about 79% of the Pan-African aged detrital zircon grains that have TDM2 = 1352–1031 Ma and εHf(t) = 3.68–8.79, were sourced from the recycled Grenvillian crust of the Cathaysian block, suggesting that the Cathaysian block had a close connection with Gondwana.     

西准噶尔达尔布特蛇绿岩带萨尔托海岩体深部结构、构造特征:地质与地球物理证据

西准噶尔地区分布多条蛇绿混杂岩带,地表地质已有大量研究成果,但蛇绿岩深部结构构造研究相对薄弱,一定程度上制约了该地区地质构造演化的深入认识.为此,本文选取达尔布特蛇绿混杂岩带萨尔托海段开展了大比例尺地质填图配套地面重力、磁法和可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)等综合测量,获得了该蛇绿岩体地表分布、接触关系以及深部的磁性、密度结构和电性特征,精细刻画了蛇绿岩的深部结构与构造,并进一步分析了其侵位机制和动力学过程.萨尔托海蛇绿岩具有低重力、高磁性和变化范围较宽的电阻率值,岩体整体以构造岩块状产出,表现出挤压逆冲、走滑剪切、破碎蚀变等变形变质.本文及前人研究成果表明,萨尔托海岩体是在近东西向挤压兼走滑应力作用下以斜向楔冲形式构造就位,并进一步受到后期左行走滑和岩浆作用的叠加改造.结合区域构造演化,西准噶尔蛇绿岩的构造侵位与晚石炭世板块汇聚背景下残余洋盆的收缩有关,持续的挤压兼走滑应力使残余洋盆下伏基底蛇绿岩沿断裂构造侵位于上覆沉积地层.     

微生物对地下水中萘的降解特性及动力学研究

针对我国东北某石油烃污染场地地下水中的萘污染,筛选出了Acinetobacter和Pseudomonas菌属的高效萘降解菌群。该菌群对萘的耐受性较高,且具有良好的乳化性,能够自动调节细胞表面疏水性和自聚集性。不同pH值、萘初始浓度、温度和菌接种量对萘降解效率的影响研究表明:最适菌群生长的pH范围为7.08.0;萘降解效率和速率在1.005.00 mg/L范围内与其初始浓度成正比;在1030 ℃温度范围内均表现出较高的萘降解效率。在此基础上,利用Guass、GuassAmp、LogNomal、Poisson和Pulse数学模型对萘的降解过程进行拟合,其降解速率更符合GuassAmp模型。通过将降解动力学模型中的常数与影响因素相关联,推导出了拟合度较高的多因素影响下的萘降解动力学方程。     

安徽宿州栏杆地区含金刚石辉绿岩中捕虏体的地质特征及其意义

安徽宿州栏杆地区辉绿岩是含金刚石的主要载体岩石,而金刚石主要选获在辉绿岩捕虏体中.本文通过研究含矿辉绿岩捕虏体的地质特征,分析捕虏体中选获的金刚石特征,以及辉绿岩岩浆源区及构造背景,探讨了金刚石的成因.     

《巴黎协定》实施细则适应议题焦点解析及后续中国应对措施

适应是《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《巴黎协定》下的重要谈判内容。2018年12月举行的第24次缔约方大会（COP24）就适应议题后续实施方案达成了共识,为全球气候治理带来新的机遇和挑战。中国在未来全球气候治理中,如何借助新成果推动国内适应工作稳步发展,积极发挥中国作用,是新形势下亟需考虑的重要问题。基于此,本文梳理了适应议题的焦点问题、各集团和缔约方的立场观点,展望了2019—2025年适应相关议题主要工作安排,并对此提出了中国未来适应领域完成相关工作需要考虑的应对措施建议,包括：(1)深入分析国际信息报告体系与国内信息的联系,梳理国内适应工作亮点,为构建高质量报告奠定基础;(2)构建跨部门跨地区协作机制,加强信息搜集与完善,有效提高数据和信息统计功能;(3)强化气候变化适应技术、规范、标准等科学研究的作用,为制定政策规定时纳入相应技术要求、提高政策规定等需求提供科学性和可操作性的服务。     

CAUSAL ANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE INSHORE INTENSIFICATION OF SUPER TYPHOON “HATO”

This paper comprehensively analyzes the characteristics and cause of the inshore intensification of super typhoon "Hato", the 13 th super typhoon in 2017. The aspects of typhoon structure, evolution of large-scale circulation and physical quantity field are analyzed using observation data from the Guangdong Automatic Station, Shenzhen Doppler Radar data, NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data, NCEP 0.25°×0.25° sea surface temperature(SST) data, etc.Additionally, in order to investigate the influence of SST change on the intensity of "Hato", the WRF model and ECMWF 0.125°×0.125° reanalysis data are combined to conduct 3 sensitivity tests on"Hato". The results show that the favorable conditions for inshore intensification of "Hato"included the strengthening and westward extension of the subtropical high, continuous increase of low level moisture transport, an anomalous warm SST area north of 20°N in the South China Sea, an extreme divergence value in the northern South China Sea exceeding 6 ×10-5 s-1, and vertical environmental wind shear between 1.1 m/s-4.8 m/s. The intensity of"Hato"was very sensitive to changes in SST. When the SST rose or dropped by 2℃, the minimum central pressure of the typhoon changed by about 13 hPa or 11 hPa,respectively. SST indirectly influenced the intensity of the typhoon through affecting latent heat transport and sensible heat transport.     

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF AN EXTREME RAINSTORM OVER THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION ON 7 MAY 2017 BASED ON WRF-ENKF

An ensemble Kalman filter based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-EnKF) is used to explore the effectiveness of the assimilation of surface observation data in an extreme local rainstorm over the Pearl River Delta region on 7 May 2017. Before the occurrence of rainstorm, the signals of weather forecasts in this case are too weak to be predicted by numerical weather model, but the surface temperature over the urban area are high. The results of this study show that the wind field, temperature, and water vapor are obviously adjusted by assimilating surface data of 10-m wind, 2-m temperature, and 2-m water vapor mixing ratio at 2300 BST 6 May, especially below the height of 2 km. The southerly wind over the Pearl River Delta region is enhanced, and the convergence of wind over the northern Guangzhou city is also enhanced. Additionally, temperature, water vapor mixing ratio and pseudoequivalent potential temperature are obviously increased over the urban region, providing favorable conditions for the occurrence of heavy precipitation. After assimilation, the predictions of 12-h rainfall amount, temperature, and relative humidity are significantly improved, and the rainfall intensity and distribution in this case can be successfully reproduced. Moreover, sensitivity tests suggest that the assimilation of 2-m temperature is the key to predict this extreme rainfall and just assimilating data of surface wind or water vapor is not workable, implying that urban heat island effect may be an important factor in this extreme rainstorm.     

中国中东部区域TRMM降水产品降尺度研究及其时空特征分析

该研究以中国中东部区域(17°～50°N,98°～135°E)为研究范围,在前人研究基础上,根据水汽与降水之间的关系,基于MOD05水汽产品,采用偏最小二乘法,对中国中东部区域2001—2010年10 a平均TRMM3B43_V 7月降水产品进行降尺度,旨在得到空间分辨率为1 km×1 km的月降水空间分布。通过比较分析,发现该降尺度模型能大幅提高TRMM产品空间分辨率,估算结果平均相对误差为15.35%,与地面观测较接近,能体现中国中东部区域降水宏观分布趋势,且估算结果精度高于前人基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)的降尺度模型,能满足降水产品的精细化需求。