叶蜡石矿产资源及其应用开发研究现状

介绍了叶蜡石在国内外的分布概况、叶蜡石的结构和特性，及其开发利用现状和存在的问题，并提出了相应的解决方法。着重分析了叶蜡石在超细粉体加工、表面改性、高温相变研究、涂料和填料中的应用，以及作为传压介质的研究现状；并在此基础上指出了其今后的发展方向。     

降水与提取地下水位中的地震孕育信息

有许多因素会引起地下水位变化,如地震的孕育过程、降水、固体潮等。其中我们感兴趣的是地震孕育信息。消除各干扰因素的影响是挖掘隐藏在地下水位中地震孕育信息的一种有效途径。本文提供了两种不同的消除降水因素影响的方法,通过相关分析来比较两种方法的效果,并在此基础上建立了描述地震活动水平的Logistic回归模型。     

唐山井水温的同震变化及其物理解释

唐山市一口水井观测到多次同震水位振荡， 以及伴之的高精度测量到的深部层水温变化. 水温变化幅度与水位振荡幅度有关， 水位幅度变化数厘米到一米， 水温变化幅度为0.001℃~0.01℃，而且总是温度下降， 震后一到数小时内水温恢复正常. 我们进行了有限单元法模型计算， 认为井水垂直振荡时搅动井水引起的弥散效应， 是造成同震水温变化的主要原因， 后续的热传导作用可以解释水温的复原过程. 今后如果在不同深度同时进行高精度井水温度观测可以检验该模型.      

平面P波在饱和半空间中洞室周围的散射(Ⅰ):解析解

利用波函数展开法给出了入射平面P波在饱和半空间中圆形洞室周围散射问题的一个解析解。半空间假定为无粘性流体饱和介质，满足Biot理论。采用一种基于实验数据的孔隙率和模量之间的线性关系来确定Biot模型中的介质参数。解答考虑了透水边界和非透水边界两种情况。对边界条件进行了数值检验，结果表明，随着级数截断项数的增大，边界残量衰减很快。解答为进一步研究入射波频率和角度、边界渗透条件、孔隙率、泊松比等参数对散射的影响奠定了基础。     

中欧四国区域规划的对比研究:奥地利、德意志联邦共和国、德意志民主共和国和瑞士

区域问题和其它工业化国家的情况类似,中欧四国也都存在某些区域问题。首先,这四个国家都有低收入的农业地区。例如,奥地利的东部与高山地区,德意志联邦共和国的许多丘陵地区和土壤贫瘠的北部地区,德意志民主共和国北部的许多地区以及瑞士的丘陵与山区。这类地区一般的都是地广人稀。但是,居住在这类地区的总人数还是相当可观的。二次世界大战结束以来,这些国家一直在关心这类地区的发展。     

美国内华达阿利盖特山脊金矿床原生有机质的热液成熟作用

经常发现有机质与大盆地产出浸染状金矿的碳酸盐岩有关。这就导致人们对有机质与矿化作用之间有成因关系的推测。近期有机地球化学方面的研究大大加深了对金矿中有机质及其有机质成熟作用的理解;有机质的成熟作用,导致H/C及O/C比值降低,通常认为成熟作用具有一级反应速率,在时间和温度的关系上,是按阿雷尼乌斯方程式进行的。因此,有机质的成熟作用是时间和温度     

重新确定农业地理学的研究范围

一些最新的教科书对农业地理传统的研究领域作了概括性的论述。这些领域虽然包括了农场规模结构,收入和农业市场,但侧重于农业生产功能—即农场投入到食物生产中的土地、劳力和资本等的转换特征的研究。Grigg 和 Bowler 认为这些研究课题在各个国家中正明显地减少,它所吸引的研究人员也越来越少。为此本文提出一个较为广阔的研究范围,以便保持农业地理学的发展和生存。但由于“地域”杂志对论文篇幅的限制,我们不可能很详细地叙述自己的观点,仅希望能促进农业地理学领域的一场颇为重要的讨论。     

Apatite-fission-track geochronology and its tectonic correlation in the Dabieshan orogen,central China

The thermochronology based on a combination ofradiometric age and closure temperature (Tc) is widelyaccepted as a sensitive method to provide constraintson tectonic evolution of the orogen, and numerousadvances as a result of thermochronological applica-tions have been made recently in the Dabieshan oro-gen[1—5]. Zircon U/Pb, hornblende Ar/Ar and biotiteAr/Ar ages with Tc= 800—300℃[6] will yield a wealthof information on the cooling and exhumation of rockscrossing crustal levels of 30—1…     

The first discovery of the middle Lochkovian (Devonian) conodonts in South Gobi,Mongolia

The Tsagaanbulag Formation of the Ulaan-Shand section in the Shine Jinst area was assigned to Silurian (Wenlock-Pridoli) previously. But the present authors have found some very important conodonts, including Lanea omoalpha, Amydrotaxis johnsoni, "Ozarkodina" planililingua, Pedavis sp., from the Tsagaanbulag and Amansair formations, clearly indicating that these two formations should be assigned to middle Lochkovian which are widely distributed in China and Mongolia. The existence of the marine Wenlockain and early Ludlovian deposits in Mongolia is a noteworthy problem.     

Deterioration of eelgrass,Zostera marina L., meadows by water pollution in Seto Inland Sea,Japan

Survival of transplanted Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) and environmental conditions (water quality, bottom sediments, sedimentation on leaves and flow regime) were studied concurrently in the center, edge, and at the outside of a eelgrass meadow located in a eutrophic coastal zone in northern Hiroshima Bay, Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Eelgrass transplants at the outside of the meadow declined significantly, whereas those at the center were consistently well established. Silt content in the bottom sediments at the outside was higher than that at the center. The sediment was oxic from the surface to 2 cm deep at the center, whereas those at the edge and the outside were reductive almost from the surface. The sediment characteristics typical in eutrophic water seemed to be a factor responsible for the deterioration of eelgrass meadows. Although suspended solid concentrations in the water columns were almost the same, the amount of sediments deposited on leaves of eelgrass at the outside was higher than that at the center of the meadow. The amount of the deposition at the outside seems to be enough to inhibit photosynthesis; i.e. photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) available for eelgrass was only 36% of that without any deposition. The deposition in the center, however, was small enough to allow 84% of the original PPFD. Flow rates, determined at 30 cm above the bottom, a half height of average eelgrass, suggested that the rate at the outside was not enough to remove deposited sediments from the surface of eelgrass leaves. Thus, the large amount of sediment deposition caused by water pollution and/or eutrophication seemed to be another factor to inhibit the survival of eelgrass at the outside edge of the meadow.