华北东濮凹陷异常高压与流体活动及其对储集砂岩成岩作用的制约

Basin-Mod软件模拟显示东濮凹陷35Ma左右孔隙流体已出现较高异常压力，综合分析表明欠压实作用是发育异常高压的主要机制，处于异常高压带内的泥岩存在微裂隙带，是异常高压流体压裂的直接结果并可以成为流体运移的通道，通过典型研究区砂岩压实（溶）量，压实－胶结关系，沉积参数－储集物性的对比，表明异常高压流体的确对砂岩的压实作用具有抑制作用，另一方面，自生石英流体包体均一温度大部分在105－145℃之间，频数呈多峰式展布，可能显示幕式流体活动。该温度范围内由于没有有机酸的大规模生产，泥岩频繁发生的幕式流体泄压活动，使得富含CO3^2-的高压流体在注入砂岩（低压区）孔隙后易与Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,Fe^2 等离子结合，导致砂岩储层发生强烈的（晚期）碳酸盐沉淀和胶结作用。     

SEDIMENT BUDGET OF THE ILLINOIS RIVER

1 BACKGROUND The Illinois River is the most significant river in the state of Illinois. The river drains nearly half of the state and has a drainage area of 28,906 mi2 (74,867 km2). Except for about a 4,000 mi2 (10,360 km2) area in Indiana and Wisconsin, the watershed is located in Illinois (see Fig. 1). The watershed contains the drainage basins of several of the state's significant rivers such as the Sangamon, LaMoine, Spoon, Mackinaw, Vermilion, Fox, Kankakee, and Des Plaines Ri…     

Ion Probe Study of Silicate Inclusions from Colomera (ⅡE) Iron Meteorite: the Rare Earth Element Perspective

Coupled with a petrographical study, I carried out an ion probe study of rare earth element microdistributions in mineral phases of silicate inclusions from the Colomera ⅡE iron meteorite. Most mineral grains have homogeneous REEs, but show considerable inter-grain variations by a factor of 2 to 100. The whole rock REE abundances for Colomera, estimated by combining REE data with modal abundances, are relatively LREE-enriched with REEs of -10'CI, which suggest that Colomera silicates were highly differentiated and might represent a low degree partial melt (-10%) of a chondritic source. REE geochemistry of Colomera silicate inclusions points to an origin that involves differentiation, dynamic mixing, remelting, reduction, recrystallization, and subsequent rapid cooling near the surface of a planetary body.     

High Temperature as a Mechanism for Plant Cytoplasm Preservation in Fossils

Because the cytoplasm of a plant normally degrades after the death of the plant, finding cytoplasm in a plant body after a prolonged period of time, especially in fossil plants, is unexpected. Recent work on several 100-Myr-old plant fossils from Kansas, USA indicates, however, that cells and their contents can be preserved. Most of the cells in these fossil plants appear to be in a state of plasmolysis, and these fossil cells bear a strong resemblance to laboratory-baked cells of extant plant tissues. Based on a comparison with extant material plus biophysical and biochemical analyses of the cytoplasm degrading process, a new hypothesis for cytoplasm preservation in nature is proposed： high temperature, a concomitant of commonly seen wildfires, may preserve cytoplasm in fossil plants. This hypothesis implies that fossilized cytoplasm should be rather common and an appropriate substance for research, unlike previously thought. Research on fossil cytoplasm closely integrates paleobotany with biochemistry, biophysics, as well as fire ecology, and invites inputs from these fields to paleobotany to interpret these provocative findings.     

Intergrain contact density indices for granular mixes——Ⅱ: Liquefaction resistance

Whether the presence of non-plastic silt in a granular mix soil impact its liquefaction potential and how to evaluate liquefaction resistance of sand containing different amounts of silt contents are both controversial issues. This paper presents the results of an experimental evaluation to address these issues. Two parameters, namely, equivalent intergranular void ratio (ec)eq and equivalent interfine void ratio (ef)eq, proposed in a companion paper (Thevanayagam, 2007) as indices of active grain contacts in a granular mix, are used to characterize liquefaction resistance of sands and silty sands. Results indicate that, at the same global void ratio (e), liquefaction resistance of silty sand decreases with an increase in fines content (CF) up to a threshold value (CFth). This is due to a reduction in intergrain contact density between the coarse grains. Beyond CFth, with further addition of fines, the interfine contacts become significant while the inter-coarse grain contacts diminish and coarse grains become dispersed. At the same e, the liquefaction resistance increases and the soil becomes stronger with a further increase in silt content. Beyond a limiting fines content (CFL), the liquefaction resistance is controlled by interfine contacts only. When CFCFth, at the same (ef)eq, the cyclic strength of a sandy silt is comparable to the host silt at a void ratio equal to (ef)eq.     

Observing the reconnection region in a transequatorial loop system

A vertical current sheet is a crucial element in many flare/coronal mass ejection (CME) models. For the first time, Liu et al. reported a vertical current sheet directly imaged during the flare rising phase with the EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). As a follow-up study, here we present the comprehensive analysis and detailed physical interpretation of the observation. The current sheet formed due to the gradual rise of a transequatorial loop system. As the l...     

A computational method to help identify and measure metallines in high resolution QSO spectra

A computational code is developed to help identify metal absorption linesin high resolution QSO spectra,especially in the Lyα forest.The input to the codeincludes a list of line central wavelengths,column densities and Doppler widths.Thecode then searches for candidate metal absorption systems and assesses the probability that each system could be real.The framework of the strategy we employ isdescribed in detail and we discuss how to estimate the errors in line profile fitting thatare essential to identifi...     

Paired Measurements of Foraminiferal δ~ (18) O and Mg/Ca Ratios of Indian Monsoons Reconstructed from Holocene to Last Glacial Record

The effect of seasonally reversing monsoons in the northern Indian Ocean is to impart significant changes in surface salinity(SS).Here,we report SS changes during the last 32 kyr in the Lakshadweep Sea(southeastern Arabian Sea)estimated from paired measurements of δ~(18)O and sea surface temperature(SST)using Globigerinoides sacculifer,an upper mixed layer dwelling foraminifera.The heaviest δ~(18)O_(G.sacculifer)(-0.07±0.08‰)is recorded between 23 and 15 ka,which could be defined as the last glacial maxi...     

高精度人工地震波层析成像技术勘探地下构造

应用人工爆破地震波层析成像方法勘探地下速度结构。在海域、山地多种地质条件下进行了地震波层析成像方法定量勘探研究。依勘探目标体而异,通过设计震源频率、震源和观测仪器布局,提高观测分辨率,实现定量高精度速度结构勘探研究。勘探最大深度可达Moho界面;山地最高分辨率可达3 m。结果显示了该方法在近海区域和山区不同地质条件的适用性及不同勘探深度与勘探精度的实用性。在日本九州近海地域勘测中,同时使用了反射与折射2种走时资料,可以同时改善水平及垂向的分辨率。成像图显示了地下结构详细特征,如任意斜向的凹凸形状,或高角度逆冲错断构造,分辨率达到10 m。同时显示出这些复杂几何体的埋藏深度。结果表明,诸如地下断层形状,资源矿藏储舱结构异常体的复杂几何形状,都可期望在层析成像技术的勘探分辨能力之内。它对于地下结构研究,矿产资源勘探,工程环境地质研究都有重要意义。结果也显示了成像方法的运算收敛速度和计算稳定性在结构勘探中是适用的。     

Coastal eutrophication, land use changes and Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae) blooms in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa 2007-2009

The bloom forming dinoflagellate, Ceratium furca, has been linked with coastal eutrophication worldwide in tropical and subtropical locations. During the summer of 2007, an unusual 6-month long bloom of C. furca was observed in Pago Pago Harbor, Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Incidents of dinoflagellate blooms in this area have not been previously reported. The bloom was first reported in May and dissipated in November 2007. In February-March 2009, a similar C. furca bloom was observed. During both blooms,...