植被对云南气候要素影响的敏感性试验

利用MM5模式对云南两个具有代表性的强降水过程进行高分辨率模拟,通过下垫面植被的敏感性试验,考察云南气候要素(降水、温度、湿度、风等)对下垫面植被状况的敏感性,从而达到了解自然环境及人类活动在云南天气、气候及气候变化中的作用与影响,以期提高对未来天气、气候变化、环境变化及其对人类社会发展影响的预测和评估能力。试验结果表明,下垫面植被状况的改变对云南气候要素值的影响非常明显,这种影响一般在近地面至700 hPa之间;下垫面植被覆盖率的锐减,使云南降水范围、降水量、空气湿度急剧减小,温度、风力、蒸发能力、干旱指数迅速增大,加剧了云南的干旱化和沙漠化,最终将导致云南的天气气候和环境生态系统偏离本来的平衡状态和演变过程。但下垫面植被状况的改变对降水中心、冷(暖)中心、干(湿)中心位置影响不大。     

土壤湿度和地表反射率变化对中国北方气候影响的数值研究

本文利用ＯＳＵ两层大气环流模式来考察土壤湿度和地表反射率变化对中国北方气候的影响。在（３０—４６°Ｎ，９０—１２０°Ｅ）的区域上进行了３个试验，结果表明干土壤对我国东部季风区和西部非季风区有不同的影响特征。高反射率造成降水减少。并指出地表过程的作用可能是经常发生在华北的春夏连旱现象的重要原因之一。     

快速冷却电子的精确同步辐射谱与GRB辐射

普遍认为内激波中电子的同步辐射是γ射线暴快速光变辐射的主要辐射机制,但理论预言与观测结果始终符合不好.确认在内激波中电子因辐射损失而快速冷却,分析指出以往研究中求得的快速冷却电子同步辐射谱只是一个粗略的结果,由数值计算求得单电子快速冷却时的精确同步辐射谱,从而用一个统一模型合理解释观测到的长γ暴低能谱指数α的分布,拟合α与vFv谱的峰值能量Ep之间的相关.     

Cosmic‐ray rejection for single spectroscopic CCD images by means of template matching

This article describes a novel algorithm for cosmic‐ray rejection in single spectroscopic CCD images. This algorithm is based on a variation of template matching. It focuses on identifying those pixels belong to spectra, while other conventional algorithms tried to locate the cosmic‐ray hits directly. The main principle is applying template matching to find suspicious blocks, which is followed by surface patching to locate the legitimate pixels accurately. Therefore, the rest pixels are the ones corrupted by cosmic‐ray hits. Meanwhile, almost all the parameters are automatically extracted from the images. Examples of its performance are given for both simulated and observed images. It shows an advantage of significantly low false alarm rate with relatively high detection rate (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

An alternative symbiotic channel to Type Ia supernovae

By assuming an aspherical stellar wind with an equatorial disc from a red giant, we investigate the production of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) via a symbiotic channel. We estimate that the Galactic birthrate of SNe Ia via the symbiotic channel is between  1.03 × 10⁻³  and  2.27 × 10⁻⁵ yr⁻¹  , while the delay time of SNe Ia has a wide range from ∼0.07 to 5 Gyr. The results are greatly affected by the outflow velocity and mass-loss rate of the equatorial disc. Using our model, we discuss the progenitors of SN 2002ic and SN 2006X.     

A Study on the Light Curves of GRBs

It is generally believed that the complexity and variability of the light curves of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are caused by the internal shocks, which would occur when a rapid shell catches up a slower one and collides with it. The electrons in the shock layer are heated by the shocks and radiate via the mechanisms of synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton scattering. Based on relativistic kinematics, a relation between the photon number of the emission from the rapidly moving shock layer and the number of the photons received by an observer is derived. Then, employing the angular spreading of the internal shock emission, the curve equation and profile of a single pulse are obtained, and the shape is typically in the shape of a fast rise and exponential decline. Furthermore, by using the model of the successive collisions of multiple shells under the condition of reasonable parameters, the observed light curves are fitted with a rather good effect. Therefore, by this means, more different types of light curves of GRBs can be explained.     

西秦岭北缘断层的多期变形演化及其构造动力学意义

西秦岭北缘断层是青藏高原东北缘新生代盆地与西秦岭地块之间的边界断层,其构造变形的几何学—运动学特征和变形历史等研究对于重建青藏高原东北缘新生代以来的构造变形时空动力学过程,限定新生代盆地构造属性,揭示印度板块—欧亚板块碰撞汇聚的远程构造响应和青藏高原东北缘隆升等重大科学问题具有重要地质约束.本文通过对西秦岭北缘新生代盆...     

湘鄂西中生代弧形叠加扩展的变形记录

通过对湘鄂西构造带进行大量的构造形迹测量、解析,结合研究区内构造变形年龄数据的统计分析.明确燕山中期(J3—K1)早期弧形构造弧顶方向为330°,并向两侧发散状分布,以大别山、黔中、黄陵隆起为约束点,湘鄂西形成了由南东侧至北东侧构造迹线由NE→NEE→EW→NWW逐渐偏转的弧形构造,最大主应力方向偏转近114°.同时早...     

Stable silicon isotopes of groundwater, feldspars, and clay coatings in the Navajo Sandstone aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona, USA

We present some of the first analyses of the stable isotopic composition of dissolved silicon (Si) in groundwater. The groundwater samples were from the Navajo Sandstone aquifer at Black Mesa, Arizona, USA, and the Si isotope composition of detrital feldspars and secondary clay coatings in the aquifer were also analyzed. Silicon isotope compositions were measured using high-resolution multi-collector inductively coupled mass spectrometry (HR-MC-ICP-MS) (Nu1700 & NuPlasma HR). The quartz dominated bulk rock and feldspar separates have similar δ³⁰Si of −0.09 ± 0.04‰ and −0.15 ± 0.04‰ (±95% SEM), respectively, and clay separates are isotopically lighter by up to 0.4‰ compared to the feldspars. From isotopic mass-balance considerations, co-existing aqueous fluids should have δ³⁰Si values heavier than the primary silicates. Positive δ³⁰Si values were only found in the shallow aquifer, where Si isotopes are most likely fractionated during the dissolution of feldspars and subsequent formation of clay minerals. However, δ³⁰Si decreases along the flow path from 0.56‰ to −1.42‰, representing the most negative dissolved Si isotope composition so far found for natural waters. We speculate that the enrichment in ²⁸Si is due to dissolution of partly secondary clay minerals and low-temperature silcretes in the Navajo Sandstone. The discovery of the large range and systematic shifts of δ³⁰Si values along a groundwater flow path illustrates the potential utility of stable Si isotopes for deciphering the Si cycling in sedimentary basins, tracing fluid flow, and evaluating global Si cycle.