Magnetostratigraphy across the Berriasian-Valanginian stage boundary (Early Cretaceous), at Cehegin (Murcia Province, southern Spain)

The Berriasian-Valanginian stage boundary near the town of Cehegin in the eastern Subbetic Cordillera of Spain is documented by a detailed ammonite zonation in pelagic limestones. Two magnetostratigraphic sections spanning the uppermost ammonite subzone of the Berriasian and the lower two zones of the Valanginian yielded identical magnetic polarity patterns. Remanent magnetization is predominantly carried by magnetite, and characteristic directions were obtained by thermal demagnetization. The mean characteristic directions from both sites have an inclination of 48°; however, the site declinations are divergent (030° and 074°) due to the tectonic disturbance of the region. The Cehegin polarity pattern can be correlated by means of ammonite and calpionellid zonation to the magnetostratigraphies of the Berriasian stratotype and several Italian sections, thereby enabling a unique correlation to the M-sequence magnetic polarity time scale. The Berriasian-Valanginian stage boundary is in the middle of normal-polarity chron M15n.     

IMPLICIT NONLINEAR NORMAL MODE INITIALIZATION:A MULTIGRID APPROACH

The implicit nonlinear normal mode initialization (INMI) is applied to a tropical limited area shallow water modelin spherical coordinates.The boundary condition for the INMI scheme is based on the boundary formulation of themodel.The INMI scheme is found to be very efficient in suppressing spurious gravity wave oscillation and providing awell balanced initial data set for the model.The INMI scheme involves solving a number of elliptic type equations withvarying complexity.and hence an efficient numerical technique is required for solving such equations.In order to makeINMI computationally more attractive,we are employing the multigrid method for solving all the elliptic type equationsin the INMI scheme.The numerical procedures for the development of such multigrid solvers are briefly described.     

衍射指标h和k的互换问题

通过衍射线指标和面网指标的联系讨论了晶体的对称性对衍射指标h和k互换的影响。在下列情况下衍射指标h和k是不能互换的:在低级晶族;在四方晶系C_(4h)—4/m劳厄点群,六方品系C_(6h)—6/m劳厄点群和立方晶系T_h—m3劳厄点群对于hko和kkl型衍射;在三方晶系选取六方晶胞的情况下,在C_(3i)—3劳厄点群对于hol,okl,hko和hkl型衍射,在D_(3d)—3m劳厄点群对于holokl和hkl型衍射,以及在菱面体点阵除非h和k都是三的倍数。     

基于GIS的地热资源与环境管理信息系统的研制

如何实现地热资源的可持续开发与利用，保证资源与环境协同发展，已经成为一个亟待解决的问题。将GIS与地热工程分析相结合，借助信息技术，建立了地热资源与环境管理信息系统，这一系统的特点就是以长观数据与地热工程分析结果作为数据源，将信息化管理和科学决策结合在一起，实现集信息管理，资源评价与科学决策为一体的信息系统。     

Discovery of Radiolarian Fossils from the Aiketik Group at the Western End of the South Tianshan Mountains of Chinaand Its Implications

The Aiketik Group, distributed at the western end of the South Tianshan Mountains, China, is an important lithostratigraphic unit involved in the South Tianshan orogen. It is separated from the adjacent rocks by faults. Generally, the geologists ascribed it to the Upper Carboniferous according to Pseudostaffella sp., Profusulinella sp. and Fusulinella sp. found from the limestone and sandy limestone of Aiketik. Our radiolarian fossils were obtained from the chert samples collected from the Haladaok section located at the upper Tuoshihan River. The fossils mainly include Albaillella undulata Deflandre, Albaillella paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella sp. aff. A. paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella sp. cf. A. deflandrei Gourmelon, Albaillella sp., Albaillella excelsa Ishiga, Kito and Imoto (?), Belowea variabilis (Ormiston et Lane), Callella cf. C. parvispinosa Won, Entactinia cf. E. tortispina Ormiston et Lane, Entactinia aff. E. tortispina Ormiston et Lane, Entactinia variospina Won, Entactinia sp., Eostylodicty     

Si^4＋及过渡金属离子在蓝宝石呈色中的作用——数学分析法在离子致色研究中的应用

理想晶体（包括蓝宝石）的颜色与占据其晶格的微量过渡金属元素的种类及含量有直接的关系。玄武岩产状的蓝宝石中含有多种微量元素，这些元素是蓝宝石致色的直接因素。本文通过研究发现，每种微量元素均对可见光的特定波段产生不同程度的吸收，其中，Fe^3 ,Si^4 是使蓝宝石呈现蓝色的主要离子，Cr^3 离子可使蓝宝石呈橙和绿色，Mn^4 离子可使蓝宝石呈黄色，Co^2 离子也可使蓝宝石呈蓝色。本文还做出了蓝宝石中每种微量元素对可见光的特征吸收图即波长－吸收系数图，与分子轨道理论值吻合，把蓝宝石中各离子对可见光的吸收位置和相对吸收强度统一起来。     

辽河盆地东部凹陷北段复式断陷层序地层与油气

辽河盆地为中国东部大陆裂谷渤海湾裂谷系的北延部分，是中、新生代发育起来的断陷盆地。 东部凹陷北段是辽河盆地的一部分，也有人将其称为裂谷段，具典型的裂谷盆地的发育特征。经过多条横切构造走向的剖面研究，证实了东部凹陷北段为复式断陷，断陷的走向与盆地走向基本平行。所谓的复式断陷为两个或两个以上的半地堑以某种方式组合而成，在一定时期内，相邻的次一级半地堑各有独立的沉积物供给系统，但当各个次级半地堑充填满以后，相邻的次级地堑具有统一的物源供给系统和水系联通特征，以较大的整体断陷形式继续发育。在控盆断裂一侧的断陷内层序发育较全，而斜坡及边缘地带层序发育不完全，通常缺失低水位体系域或水退体系域。复式断陷不同断陷内的层序，主要受旋回内不同级别幕式构造运动和气候周期性变化的控制，两者的共同作用影响着湖平面的升降和可容空间的变化。由于相邻断陷对物源侵入的阻挡作用，在一定的时期内，各断陷发育独立沉积体系和构造部位的差异，导致了层序地层格架内生储盖层及其组合的发育差异。厚度最大的密集段发育在TST与HST之间，是区域性的生油岩； LST，TST底部，HST顶部、RST通常构成有利储层；密集段也通常成为较好的盖层。在上述因素的作用下，东部凹陷北段复式断陷湖盆中的油气，主要富集在有利构造岩相带的水退体系域、水进体系域和低水位体系域中。层序地层格架内油气藏类型及发育规模存在一定的规律：在缓坡一侧的断陷内，易形成地层超覆型油气藏、地层不整合遮挡油气藏；在陡坡一侧的断陷内，易形成透镜状油气藏、背斜油气藏，起决定作用的是生储盖层的发育状况及其与有利的构造圈闭条件的配置关系。     

高硫煤中硫的地质演化模式——以内蒙古乌达矿区为例

以内蒙古乌达矿区为例，通过对高硫煤9煤层中黄铁矿和有机硫同位素的测定（有机硫同位素δ^34S=-12.3‰-5.8‰，黄铁矿硫同位素δ^34S=-18.7‰-1.1‰），结合煤岩学特征的综合分析以及黄铁矿化菌落和蓝藻胶壳的发现，提出了庙充煤中硫的党政军化模式，认为高硫煤中主要来源的硫的同位素由于硫酸盐的异化细菌还原作用导致大规模分馏，使之趋于负值，在高硫煤形成过程中，黄铁矿和有机硫表现出形成初期Fe^2 和有机质对硫离子的争夺性、形成过程中在剖面上的层次性、阶段性和时间上的相向性，层次性和阶段性表现为沼泽体系对SO4^2-和H2S的开放程度及黄铁矿的形成对^32SO4^2-的过滤性，相向性表现为泥炭聚积初期和晚期，Fe^2 和SO4^2-对高硫煤形成做出了贡献，具有剖面上的对称特点。     

Engineering Geology of Limestone in Malaysia

This paper provides an overview of the engineering geology of limestone. Limestone is of rather wide occurrence in Malaysia. It is interesting in view of the unique landforms and karstic features that are encountered in limestone terrains, e.g. steep, subvertical limestone cliffs rising abruptly and majestically above the ground surface and highly variable and pinnacled subterranean limestone bedrock. The karstic features and associated engineering geological problems of both the limestone hills and the bedrock are discussed in the paper. Rockfalls, sinkholes, cavities, etc. are some of the common engineering geological problems associated with limestone terrains. Some local case studies are provided as illustrations. Finally the rock mechanical properties of limestone is discussed at the end of the paper.     

水库洪水标准的风险分析

将标准风险评估方法应用到水库洪水标准的风险分析中，并以柴河水库为例，说明水库洪水标准的风险分析方法是可行的，具有推广价值。