基于Web服务的省级林业电子政务信息共享平台的研究

随着信息化建设的深入发展,计算机及网络应用范围不断拓展,应用系统的规模不断扩大,所面临的一个共同问题是如何在原有的建设基础上,进行信息资源的整合,实现信息资源共享。本文以福建省数字林业政务信息共享平台构建为例,在尽可能利用和保护原有投资存量的前提下,针对分布式异构环境中的林业数据和业务应用系统的信息共享要求,提出了基于.NET平台,运用先进的XML&Web Services/MS BizTalk Server2004核心技术的信息交换和共享的整体解决方案及其实现方法。     

REE Characteristics of the Kalatongke Cu-Ni Deposit, Xinjiang, China

On the basis of the study on the REE geochemistry of the ore minerals and host rocks of the Kalatongke Cu-Ni deposit, Xinjiang, it is indicated that the major ore minerals, sulfides, were sourced from the host mafic-ultramafic magma. Characterized by low REE content of sulfide, such a Cu-Ni sulfide deposit occurring in the orogen is obviously different from that on the margin of the craton. Because the mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Cu-Ni sulfide deposit occurring in the orogen is water-rich and the REEs of some sulfides show a particular "multiple-bending" pattern, which suggests coexistence of multiple liquid phases (fluid and melt), the sulfide melt possibly contains a great deal of hydrothermal fluids and increasingly developed gases and liquid-rich ore-forming fluids after the main metallogenic epoch (magmatic segregation stage).     

利用线性旅行时插值射线追踪 计算近地表模型初至波走时

利用线性旅行时插值射线追踪对近地表模型进行正演计算,可以快捷、准确地获得初至波走时和射线路径。由于该算法计算的初至波不局限于折射波,因此很好地解决了浅层折射勘探中的低速"隐蔽层"问题;而且,由于该算法是基于网格划分和线性插值,因此它不仅可以追踪任意复杂介质的初至波,而且可以使得追踪的初至波射线路径逼于真实,避免了同类算法直接连接网络节点形成射线路径的缺陷(路径过于弯折,计算走时偏大)。将LTI算法同其他几种算法的追踪结果进行的对比和分析表明,LTI算法在计算初至波走时和射线路径方面较其他算法更为精准、稳定,是一种有效的射线追踪方法。     

WRF中尺度模式对两个沿浙江近海北上热带气旋的预报分析

结合宁波市气象台业务运行WRF中尺度模式,对2011年2个沿浙江近海北上的热带气旋"米雷"和"梅花"的预报进行对比分析。结果表明,模式对"米雷"和"梅花"在浙江省气象站点预报降水与实况相关系数分别为0.617和0.478。降水分级TS评分表明,模式对"米雷"的预报效果好于"梅花",主要由于"梅花"空报率过高,模式对这2个热带气旋20 mm以上的降水误差主要出现在浙江东部特别是沿海地区,呈南北向带状分布。"梅花"和"米雷"具有相似的湿层结构,但热力和动力结构很不相同,"米雷"结构明显不对称,风速较大区域主要在风暴中心东侧,风暴内垂直上升速度弱,而"梅花"结构典型,全风速分布较对称、眼壁清楚,具有明显的深厚暖心,中心附近温度比"米雷"高2℃左右,"梅花"中心附近具有强烈的上升气流,最强上升速度超过4 m/s。WRF模式10 m风场预报对"米雷"和"梅花"在浙江沿海海面风力有较好的参考性。模式对热带气旋的强度模拟误差和气旋自身结构差异可能是导致"米雷"站点大风漏报偏多,而"梅花"空报偏多的原因。     

背景场资料与参数化方案对暴雨预报的影响

利用GRAPES—meso模式和T213资料,对2007年7月18日发生在我国四川盆地和华东地区一次大暴雨过程进行多组数值试验,以分析侧边界资料、驱动资料的垂直分辨率、模式积分区域、云物理参数及边界参数对GRAPES—nleso模式降水预报影响。试验结果表明：（1）侧边界资料对模式降水预报结果影响较小,驱动GRAPES—meso的全球模式产品质量提高,降水预报结果越好;（2）驱动资料垂直分辨率的高低对降水预报结果影响较大,分辨率越高,预报能力越强,反之越弱;（3）模式积分区域对降水预报结果也有明显影响,区域越大,降水预报未必总是最好;（4）物理过程和边界参数试验表明,WSM6方案与KFeta方案组合的24小时降水预报与实况更接近。     

黄土高原低值对流有效位能区中β尺度大暴雨综合分析

为了提高对黄土高原中β尺度暴雨的预报和预警能力,利用中国气象局气象资料综合处理MICAPS系统提供的资料及多普勒雷达资料,对2007年8月28日黄土高原在低值对流有效位能区发生的一次中β尺度暴雨天气过程进行了大尺度环境场和物理量的诊断分析以及三维流场结构分析。结果表明:这次黄土高原中β尺度大暴雨主要是由3次中β尺度强对流单体活动造成的;地面风速脉动、地面能量比高值舌配合上下游能量比大梯度区的生成,是中β尺度暴雨触发机制之一;对流层低层倾斜涡度的发展、纬向双次级环流圈的形成,为暴雨的发生、发展和维持提供了动力机制;列车效应是形成降水时间长、累积雨量大的重要因素;在多普勒雷达径向速度场上看到,暴雨区上游从对流层中层到对流层高层气旋性环流的发展和暴雨区对流层中高层西南急流的发展和稳定,也是形成暴雨的动力机制之一。     

黑龙江省春季旱涝等级划分及降水变化初步分析

根据实际监测资料,采用Z指数对春季旱涝5个等级即大旱、偏旱、正常、偏涝和大涝的划分较降水距平百分率的划分更客观合理;春季降水变化趋势略有上升趋势,近期内仍处在多水的时段里。     

Three-year Variations of Water, Energy and CO$_2$ Fluxes of Cropland and Degraded Grassland Surfaces in a Semi-arid Area of Northeastern China

Based on 3 years （2003-05） of the eddy covariance （EC） observations on degraded grassland and cropland surfaces in a semi-arid area of Tongyu （44°25′N, 122°52′E, 184 m a.s.1.）, Northeast China, seasonal and annual variations of water, energy and CO2 fluxes have been investigated. The soil moisture in the thin soil layer （at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 m） clearly indicates the pronounced annual wet-dry cycle; the annual cycle is divided into the wet （growing season） and dry seasons （non-growing season）. During the growing season （from May to September）, the sensible and latent heat fluxes showed a linear dependence on the global solar radiation. However, in the non-growing season, the latent heat flux was always less than 50 W m^-2, while the available energy was dissipated as sensible, rather than latent heat flux. During the growing season in 2003-05, the daily average sensible and latent heat fluxes were larger on the cropland surface than on the degraded grassland surface. The cropland ecosystem absorbed more CO2 than the degraded grassland ecosystem in the growing season in 2003-05. The total evapotranspiration on the cropland was more than the total precipitation, while the total evapotranspiration on the degraded grassland was almost the same as the total annual precipitation in the growing season. The soil moisture had a good correlation with the rainfall in the growing season. Precipitation in the growing season is an important factor on the water and carbon budget in the semi-arid area.     

Simulation of Precipitation in Monsoon Regions of China by CMIP3 Models

The output of 25 models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 （CMIP3） were evaluated, with a focus on summer precipitation in eastern China for the last 40 years of the 20th century. Most models failed to reproduce rainfall associated with the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM）, and hence the seasonal cycle in eastern China, but provided reasonable results in Southwest （SW） and Northeast China （NE）. The simulations produced reasonable results for the Yangtze-Huai （YH） Basin area, although the Meiyu phenomenon was underestimated in general. One typical regional phenomenon, a seasonal northward shift in the rain belt from early to late summer, was completely missed by most models. The long-term climate trends in rainfall over eastern China were largely underestimated, and the observed geographical pattern of rainfall changes was not reproduced by most models. Precipitation extremes were evaluated via parameters of fitted GEV （Generalized Ex- treme Values） distributions. The annual extremes were grossly underestimated in the monsoon-dominated YH and SW regions, but reasonable values were calculated for the North China （NC） and NE regions. These results suggest a general failure to capture the dynamics of the EASM in current coupled climate models. Nonetheless, models with higher resolution tend to reproduce larger decadal trends and annual extremes of precipitation in the regions studied.     

毛乌素沙漠东部边缘一次雹暴三维结构的观测分析

利用新一代天气雷达和MICAPS提供的实况资料(包括用实况资料计算的其它物理量),对2006年7月27日发生在榆林市西北部部分乡镇的一次雹暴天气过程进行了连续的监测和分析。诊断分析表明:当日08:00,大气层结是稳定的,但925 hPa湿正压场上生成从东南方向伸入雹区的窄的强对流不稳定舌;雹暴发生前2 h,雹区地面邻近上游生成中β尺度能量比高值中心和反映弱冷空气活动的中β尺度能量比低值舌;雹暴的发生也伴随雹区对流层低层大气湿斜压性的增强、边界层温度出现跃升等现象;中尺度纬向次级环流圈的形成,为雹暴的发生、发展和维持提供了动力条件。雷达反射率因子分析表明,强冰雹狂风是由超级单体风暴引发的,超级单体风暴是由中β尺度小钩状回波和由干侵入引发的新生中γ尺度强对流单体在钩状区合并而形成。超级单体风暴具有独特的动力学特征:除了伴随一个持久深厚的中气旋外,对流层低层入流急流持续时间长达50 min,钩状区近地层出现未曾见过或罕见的(由强下沉气流产生)中β尺度环形辐散区和环形辐散区向外扩展的特征。在0.5°仰角速度场,雹暴区气流经历了由径向辐合、气旋性辐合、气旋性旋转、再到径向辐合的演变过程。