不同航磁数据处理方法的地质应用效果分析:以云南宣威—贵州赫章地区为例

目前,利用航磁数据圈定磁性地质体边界的方法主要有航磁ΔT化极法、航磁ΔT化极垂向一阶导数法、总梯度模法和斜导数法等4种。云南宣威-贵州赫章地区火山岩分布面积广泛,下二叠统峨眉山玄武岩具有强磁性,而其他地层岩石磁性很低;为了圈定研究区内磁性地质体的目的,利用该区1∶5万航磁测量数据,阐述了ΔT化极法、化极垂向一阶导数法、斜导数法和总梯度模法等4种数据处理方法的地质应用效果,认为应根据有效磁化方向与地磁场方向是否一致来选用不同的航磁数据处理方法,以达到有效圈定地质的目的。     

Concurrent Determination of U‐Pb Age and REE Mass Fractions of Zircon by High Mass Resolution SIMS

A combined geochronological and geochemical investigation for the same domain of zircon provides valuable information on timing and genesis, particularly in the case of multi‐growth metamorphic zircon. A high spatial resolution concurrent analytical method for zircon U‐Pb age and rare earth element content was successfully achieved in this study, using a multi‐collector secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) at a ~ 8 μm diameter scale. Special instrument parameters were employed, including a high mass resolution of approximately 15000 applied to replace the previous energy filter method, and a dynamic multi‐collector mode used to reduce the measurement time to 18 min per analysis. Six zircon reference materials yielded precise and accurate ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages, which are comparable to those obtained by the ordinary mono‐collector method, but with 2–3 times higher spatial resolution. All zircon grains measured in this study showed enriched heavy‐REE (HREE) contents consistent with previously reported values determined by LA and solution ICP‐MS methods. The light‐REE (LREE) mass fractions measured using both SIMS and LA‐ICP‐MS methods in this study, although with quite different volume, show consistent results within uncertainties.     

呼和浩特市降水化学特征分析

对2006年呼和浩特市降水离子监测资料进行分析,结果表明:降水呈碱性,季节分布明显,夏季降水集中且pH值为全年最低,冬季降水量少,pH值较高;SO42-离子为主要致酸离子,阳离子中Ca2+,Mg2+离子的浓度很高;降水中主要成分之间相关性显著,Ca2+的中和作用较强;降水气团的后向轨迹分析表明蒙古国的沙漠地区是呼和浩特冬春季碱性降水的主要来源,夏季较低的pH值降水则部分源于我国的华中、华北地区的酸性污染物中长距离输送。     

新型载体与档案保护

随着新材料、新技术逐渐地应用于档案载体,以及计算机技术被应用于档案管理,这些新型载体与档案的保护问题也日益显露出它的重要性和紧迫性,文章阐述对档案库房科学管理以及如何所采取相应的措施进行保护。     

结合nDSM的高分辨率遥感影像深度学习分类方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像因其地物类内差异大、光谱信息相对欠缺导致现有影像分类方法存在错分现象较多、地物边界残缺不完整等问题，本文提出了一种归一化数字表面模型（nDSM）约束的高分辨率遥感影像深度学习分类方法。首先，将nDSM数据作为附加波段叠加在遥感影像上并获取训练样本；然后，利用优化的U-Net网络进行模型训练得到最优模型；最后，利用最优模型对附加了nDSM波段的遥感影像进行地物分类。试验结果表明，本文方法引入nDSM数据用于U-Net模型训练和分类，可有效提高影像分类精度，得到更加真实可靠的分类结果。     

全球创新城市优势产业耦合协调发展研究

科技发展与产业发展始终密不可分，厘清科技创新城市产业发展的一般特征和趋势，对于建设具有全球影响力的科技创新中心十分重要。为了考量全球创新城市产业之间的协同发展程度，引入耦合理论构建研究逻辑和路径，以创新优势明显的36个美国大都市区作为研究对象，选取信息业、专业与商业服务业、制造业、金融业4个优势产业。基于2007和2012年的产业截面数据，确定各产业系统的评价指标体系，采用耦合协调模型对样本城市4个产业系统的耦合发展态势进行实证分析。研究结果表明，样本城市的产业发展类型可分为单业、混业、同步三大类，其中，单业的样本数有所减少，产业协同发展趋向明显。具体到产业，制造业的主导地位十分突出，专业与商业服务业、信息业以及金融业的优势并不明显，半数以上的城市属于制造导向的单业发展类型和制造导向的混业发展类型。具体到城市，高阶同步发展类型的城市始终只有纽约1个，产业发展水平和耦合协调程度均有较好表现，绝大多数城市产业系统中既有优势也有短板，但并不影响其创新的整体实力。总体而言，创新排名靠前的城市，产业之间的耦合协调程度更高，产业发展协同性相对较好；样本城市的产业发展类型大致呈现出从单业向混业和同步演化的趋势，制造业仍然是创新城市发展的基石。因此，中国创建全球科技创新中心的实践中，要立足于城市本身的产业优势，也要重视制造业的关键作用，采取有效举措推动和促进多产业的协同发展。     

广州港新沙港区板桩码头结构设计方案比选分析

介绍了广州港新沙港区板桩码头主要内力计算方法及常用软件,结合设计过程、工程地质情况、现场实际施工情况,着重从受力合理性、施工便利性、节省造价方面,对提出的钢板桩方案、钢管板桩方案进行比较分析,确定了钢管板桩结构更合理,并对优势进行总结。研究表明相对于钢板桩结构,钢管板桩结构在抗弯、抗变形、拉杆拉力和锚碇墙稳定性、对复杂地基(软弱土层较厚、岩层标高较高的地基)适应性、兼顾桩基基础、施工速度等方面更具备优势,且钢管板桩结构可更好的适应码头的大型化和深水化发展,在类似工程设计中可优先采用钢管板桩结构。     

Relationship of Ecological Well-being Performance and Sustainable Economic Development in Liaoning Province

Liaoning Province is in a critical period of economic transformation. The rational utilization of ecological resources and the balance of the relationship between the resource environment and economic growth have become the key factors affecting its sustainable economic development. This paper uses data from the Human Development Index and an ecological footprint to construct the ecological well-being performance of Liaoning Province from 2006 to 2016. It then examines the relationship of ecological well-being performance with economic growth, considers the factors influencing the well-being level effect, and analyzes the trends for sustainable economic development from the perspective of ecological well-being. There is a horizontal comparison of the current situation of ecological well-being performance in Liaoning Province and with other coastal provinces in China and clarification of the stage and development gap. The conclusions show that: 1) The trend of ecological well-being performance in Liaoning Province during this period first decreased and then rose, with this movement mainly affected by changes in the ecological footprint; 2) There is a U-shaped relationship between ecological well-being performance and economic growth, and resource consumption contributes less to promote well-being; 3) There are three stages to the sustainable development trend: inferior, medium and advanced. When compared with others coastal provinces, Liaoning Province belongs to the high consumption and low well-being type.     

高分三号影像水体信息提取

国内外针对陆地水体信息提取、洪涝灾害快速响应方面具有较深入的研究，但是多采用发展较早、图像质量可靠的可见光影像及国外星载SAR影像。中国合成孔径雷达（SAR）卫星高分三号（GF-3）已获取了大量多极化、全极化SAR数据，为了将GF-3影像快速应用到环境保护、水资源管理等行业中，本研究分析了水体与其他目标具有的不同后向散射特性，将阈值分割法与马尔可夫随机场（MRF）相结合，发展了一种检测精度较高、自动化程度强的水体信息提取方法。该方法首先通过直方图统计的方法对不同成像模式、不同极化的GF-3影像进行后向散射强度分析，在阈值分割的研究基础上，比较了最大类间方差法（Otsu）和Kittler and Illingworth（KI）二值化法在水体-非水体分类中的效果。然后结合DEM和GF-3轨道参数排除因阴影现象产生的辐射失真对图像概率分布的影响，得到初始的水体信息分布图，再经过Fisher变换和马尔可夫随机场（MRF）的迭代运算，综合利用GF-3影像的多极化信息和空间上下文信息，以最大后验概率准则输出最终的水体分布图。利用了湖南省东北部不同成像模式的两景GF-3影像进行试验，在成像时间接近的光学影像中随机选择检验样点进行精度评价。实验结果表明，KI方法在GF-3水体提取应用中比Otsu方法具有更强的优势，剔除图像阴影区域后，自动化确定的阈值与目视解译阈值更加接近，通过MRF模型优化以后，实现了对水体信息的连贯提取，对图像噪声具有较强的抑制作用。本研究对水体目标的提取精度均达到了85%以上，实验结果精度优于基于光学影像的水体指数法，整个流程需要很少的人工经验参与，具有自动化程度强、检测精度高的优势。     

Using data‐driven methods to explore the predictability of surface soil moisture with FLUXNET site data

Soil moisture (SM) is a key variable of land surface‐atmosphere interactions. Data‐driven methods have been used to predict SM, but the predictability of SM has not been well evaluated. This study investigated what variables and methods can be used to better predict SM for leading times of 7 days or longer with a global coverage of FLUXNET site data for the first time. Three machine‐learning models, that is, Bayesian linear regression, random forest, and gradient boosting regression tree, are used for the prediction. Variables including atmospheric forcing, surface soil temperature, time variables (year, day of year, and hour), the Fourier transformation of time variables, and lagged SM (7‐ to 14‐day lagged) were sequentially added into models. A framework with five experiments is designed for factorial exploration of SM predictability. A stepwise method was used to build the best models for each site. The performance of regression models became better when adding more explaining variables in most cases. The results showed that from 50 to 95% of variation of the best models can be explained. The important explaining variables are lagged surface SM, followed by day of year, year, soil temperature, and atmospheric forcing. The predictability of SM depends highly on SM memory characteristics and the persistence of seasonality. The effect of SM memory characteristics on SM prediction as an initial condition question has been widely discussed in this paper. Our results also provide an insight that mechanisms of seasonality effects on SM should be also paid more attention to.