安徽铜陵晚中生代侵入岩磷灰石原位地球化学——成岩成矿制约

安徽铜陵地区大规模铜、金矿床与晚中生代侵入岩密切相关.本文选取铜陵地区4个代表性成矿侵入岩体(金口岭花岗闪长岩、铜官山和冬瓜山石英二长闪长岩、朝山辉石二长闪长岩)进行了磷灰石原位地球化学研究,探讨其对成岩成矿的指示.铜陵侵入岩磷灰石有较高的Sr/Y值(平均值3. 19)和低Y含量,指示其为埃达克质岩. 4个岩体磷灰石F含量为2. 63%～4. 02%,属氟磷灰石.磷灰石样品有较高的REE含量(825×10-6～5 853×10-6)、中等的δEu值(0. 37～0. 88)、高log fO2值(-12. 3～-9. 86)、较高的Cl含量(多> 0. 2%)和Cl/F值,暗示铜陵侵入岩起源于高氧逸度的壳幔岩浆混合源区.研究结果表明,铜陵地区铜、金成矿作用可能与由板块而来的富Cl流体、氧化环境和壳幔混合作用密切相关.     

考虑颗粒破碎效应的堆石料静动力本构模型

为合理反映颗粒破碎对堆石料力学特性的影响,基于试验结果分析,得出了堆石料在压缩和剪切作用下的颗粒破碎特性规律。通过引入压缩破碎和剪切破碎的相关参数,借鉴已有本构模型的合理定义,吸收临界状态理论和边界面理论的优点,发展了考虑颗粒破碎和状态相关的堆石料静动力统一弹塑性本构模型,并阐述了模型参数的确定方法。该模型不仅能够反映堆石料在静力荷载作用下的低压剪胀、高压剪缩、应变软化和硬化等特性,还能够反映在循环荷载作用下应力-应变的滞回特性和残余变形的累积效应。最后为验证模型的合理性,分别对堆石料的静力三轴和循环三轴试验进行了数值模拟预测,结果表明：模型预测与试验数据吻合良好,所提出的本构模型能够合理地描述颗粒破碎对堆石料静动力变形特性的影响。     

南京粉细砂空间孔隙结构表征单元体确定

确定统一的表征单元体(REV)尺寸是研究土体细观孔隙结构时首先需要解决的问题。使用6.5μm分辨率同步辐射显微CT扫描南京粉细砂试样,从土样三维重构模型的5个代表性部位提取5组立方体孔隙REV,对每个REV采用最大球算法分析,建立孔隙网络模型,从中提取孔隙率、单位体积孔隙数、孔隙平均体积、孔隙最小体积、孔隙最大半径、孔隙最小半径、孔隙平均半径、孔隙截面积平均形状因子等8个孔隙结构参数,建立其与REV尺寸间的相关性。利用假设检验T检验和F检验,最终确定样品孔隙结构参数的统一REV边长尺寸为400像素,即2.60mm。该方法可用于砂土、粉土等颗粒土体细观孔隙结构分析。     

基于连续损伤的水平井射孔-近井筒三维破裂模拟

射孔作为井筒与储层之间的液流通道,是水力压裂过程中的重要可控性参数。为研究水平井射孔-近井筒破裂机制,采用岩层变形-流体渗流方程描述应力状态变化,应用连续损伤破裂单元表征三维破裂位置与形态演化,并开发有限元求解程序模拟分析了射孔对水平井初始破裂压力、破裂位置及近井筒裂缝复杂性的调控作用。通过与解析模型及射孔压裂物理模型试验结果对比,验证了模型及有限元程序的有效性;水平井破裂压力数值分析结果与现场测试数据吻合较好。研究表明：射孔可调控水平井破裂压力与初始破裂位置,同时对近井筒区域裂缝扩展形态影响显著。通过优化射孔参数可以引导初始破裂向最优破裂面扩展、有效降低破裂压力,减小由于螺旋射孔空间排布引起的水平井近井筒裂缝迂曲与复杂程度,提高致密油气藏压裂改造效果。     

细颗粒组分含量对钙质砂抗剪强度的影响

由于吹填过程的水力分选作用钙质砂土地基颗粒分布不均匀,容易形成分布不均、形态各异的以不同细粒含量的粉细砂层为主的细粒汇集层,引起钙质砂土地基承载力和不均匀沉降问题。开展不同细粒含量的粉细砂三轴固结排水剪切试验,分析细粒含量对钙质砂土力学特性的影响。研究结果表明,（1）当细粒含量增加时相同围压下土样剪胀性逐渐减弱,且峰值偏应力也逐渐减小;（2）各组试样干密度为1.40 g/cm3状态下各含量粉细砂均表现出应变软化特征,当细粒含量为10%时粉细砂土体强度稳定性最差,之后稳定性随细粒含量增加而逐渐增大;（3）钙质细砂由于颗粒咬合作用,具有表观黏聚力,当细粒含量小于40%时,随着细粒含量增加,颗粒之间的咬合作用显著降低,表观黏聚力线性减小。研究成果可为粉细砂层的地基处理及边坡稳定分析提供参考。     

砂土微观结构样品制备技术及量化方法研究

土体的微观结构是决定其工程特性的重要内在因素,但对于砂土而言,如何制备适合微观分析的样品以及快速准确量化结构参数一直面临诸多挑战。为此,提出一种真空冷冻干燥?注胶相结合的砂土样品制备技术,该技术可在有效去除土样水分的同时保持样品原状结构不被扰动,并可用于后续加工处理。针对不同粒度的砂土样品,分别使用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜对制备的试样进行观察,基于自主研发的土体微观结构定量分析系统SMAS对拍摄的照片进行精细量化分析,提出了由土颗粒数量、颗粒周长、表观孔隙率、形状系数、等效直径、分形维数和形态比等参数构成的量度指标体系对砂土样品微观结构特征进行定量评价。研究结果表明：提出的真空冷冻干燥?注胶相结合的砂土样品制备技术具有操作简单、稳定可靠等特点,能有效维持砂土的原状结构;比较而言,扫描电镜更适用于粉细砂的微观结构分析,而光学显微镜更适用于中粗砂的微观结构分析;SMAS能有效识别微观结构图像中的土颗粒及孔隙,为定量分析砂土或其他土体的微观结构特征提供了高效的工具。     

珠江水系沉积物重金属元素背景值估算及污染特征分析

估算水系沉积物的地球化学背景值和识别其异常对人为污染判别与环境风险评估非常重要。采集并分析了珠江58件水系沉积物样品,经分析检验,Al、Fe和Sc被选作参考元素,并对比了确定地球化学背景及识别异常值的方法。其中,基于最小截断二乘法的回归分析是定义地球化学背景的有效方法,它是一种对异常值不敏感的稳健统计方法,而基于局部富集因子的箱线图和回归诊断图更适用于识别异常值。珠江不同河段重金属污染存在差异,北江和河网区主要受As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn污染,东江主要受Cu、Cr和Ni污染,而西江几乎不存在重金属污染。水系沉积物的主要污染类型是点源污染,主要污染来源是采矿和电镀等相关的工业活动。     

珠江三角洲平原区土壤Pb元素地球化学特征及其影响因素研究

以珠江三角洲平原为研究区域,对其7个区县102件水稻根系土样品进行土壤理化参数及Pb形态分析,探讨在第四系分布区土壤Pb全量及Pb活动态含量的特征及影响因素。结果表明:全部供试土壤样品中Pb元素平均含量为46.47mg/kg,略高于广东省土壤Pb含量背景值(36mg/kg),表现出一定的累积趋势。研究区自西北陆相沉积区至南部海陆交互相沉积区,元素含量增高。Pb元素主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化物形态赋存在土壤中,迁移能力弱。影响土壤Pb全量的因素主要有Al2O3、K2O、Tl、Mo;影响土壤Pb活动态的因素有Pb全量、pH、有机质、CEC、P、TFe2O3、Mn;其中,p H是控制Pb元素活动性的最主要因素。     

A Quantitative Evaluation of Shale Gas Content in Different Occurrence States of the Longmaxi Formation: A New Insight from Well JY-A in the Fuling Shale Gas Field,Sichuan Basin

Comprehensive quantitative evaluation of shale gas content and the controlling factors in different occurrence states is of great significance for accurately assessing gas-bearing capacity and providing effective well-production strategies. A total of 122 core samples from well JY-A in the Fuling shale gas field were studied to reveal the characteristics of S_1 l shale,15 of which were selected to further predict the shale gas content in different occurrence states, which are dependent on geological factors in the thermal evolution process. Geological parameters were researched by a number of laboratory programs, and the factors influential in controlling shale gas content were extracted by both PCA and GRA methods and prediction models were confirmed by the BE method using SPSS software. Results reveal that the adsorbed gas content is mainly controlled by TOC, Ro, SSA, PD and pyrite content, and the free gas content is mainly controlled by S_2, quartz content, gas saturation and formation pressure for S_1 l in well JY-A. Three methods, including the on-site gas desorption method, the empirical formula method, and the multiple regression analysis method were used in combination to evaluate the shale gas capacity of well JY-A, all of which show that the overall shale gas content of well JY-A is in the range of 2.0–5.0 m~3/t and that the free gas ratio is about 50%, lower than that of well JY-1. Cause analysis further confirms the tectonics and preservation conditions of S_1 l in the geological processes, especially the influence of eastern boundary faults on well JY-A, as the fundamental reasons for the differences in shale gas enrichment in the Jiaoshiba area.     

Characteristics,differences and main controlling factors of source rocks in the central‐southern South China Sea Basins

The South China Sea is rich in oil and gas resources. With the increasing exploration of oil and gas resources in the northern South China Sea and the increasing demand for energy in the world, The central‐southern South China Sea have become important constituencies for oil and gas resources. The central‐southern basins of South China Sea can be divided into three types of basin groups, namely, the southern basin group (Zengmu Basin, Brunei‐Sabah Basin), the western basin group (Wan'an Basin, Zhong jiannan Basin) and the Central Basin Group (Liyue Basin, Beikang Basin, Nanweixi Basin and Palawan Basin). At present, the degree of exploration is relatively low, and the source rock has not yet formed a understanding of the system. The main source rock development time, source rock characteristics, hydrocarbon generation potential and control factors of each basin group are still unclear, which seriously restricts the exploration of oil and gas. Based on the sedimentary facies distribution and sedimentary filling evolution, combined with the geoche mical characteristics of the source rocks, the source age, organic matter type, hydrocarbon generation potential and main controlling factors of the basins in the central‐southern basins are discussed. By the detailed research on delta scale, provenance system, paleoclimate conditions, ancient vegetation development and hydroca rbon generation parent material, the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks in each basin group are revealed.