ESTIMATION OF ERRORS IN ABSORBANCE RATIO MEASUREMENTS

Ratio measurements are commonly used to address a variety of analytical problems in environmental,forensic and pharmaceutical laboratories.In absorbance ratioing techniques,analytical chemists rely onthe spectral features of the analyte(s)of interest.The absorbances at two wavelengths are monitored andthe ratio of these two absorbances is computed.This ratio is then used to confirm the identity of theanalyte(s)of interest,the purity of a product or the overlap of chromatographic peaks.These decisionsoften have far-reaching consequences(e.g.the identification of the source,biogenic or petrogenic,ofhydrocarbons in biological tissues or water).Given the cost and the liabilities associated with suchdecisions,it is unfortunate that these ratios are seldom reported with any statistical confidence.Thepurpose of this study is to delineate the parameters that affect absorbance ratio measurements.Themodels that can be used to estimate the statistical confidence in these measurements are derived andevaluated experimentally.The results show that these models can estimate the relative standard deviationsin absorbance ratios accurately.They can also estimate the effect of signal-to-noise ratio and the choiceof wavelengths on the precision of absorbance ratios.     

Pyrite Re–Os and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Beizhan iron deposit in the Chinese Tianshan Orogen and its geological significance

The Awulale iron metallogenic belt (AIMB) hosts the majority of rich iron ores in Tianshan Orogen and has attracted much attention. However, a hot debate exists about the genesis of these iron deposits. Geochronological data are among the few critical evidences to solve the dispute. This study chooses the Beizhan iron deposit to carry out a geochronological research. The Beizhan magnetite deposit, with total iron ore reserves of 468 Mt at an average grade of 41% TFe, is the largest iron deposit in the AIMB. The orebodies of the Beizhan deposit are hosted in Carboniferous dacite and crystal tuff. Four stages of mineral formation can be recognized: an early skarn mineral stage, followed by the magnetite stage, the sulphide stage, and the carbonate stage in order. Pyrite separated from pyrite-rich ore samples yields an isochron age of 302.5 ± 8.2 Ma. Muscovite separated from muscovite-rich ore samples yields ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau ages of 304.7 ± 1.8 Ma, 304.5 ± 1.9 Ma, 308.1 ± 1.9 Ma, and 307.2 ± 1.8 Ma, and isochron ages of 306.1 ± 3.5Ma, 304.0 ± 3.0Ma, 308.2 ± 3.1Ma, and 308.7 ± 3.1Ma, respectively. These ages are consistent within the error range and are interpreted as the age of the Beizhan iron deposit. The results, combined with the other latest precise dating and geologically inferred ages, demonstrate that the iron deposits in the AIMB were formed in the Late Carboniferous. These iron deposits are considered to be iron skarn or medium–low -temperature hydrothermal origin and have genetic linkages between each other. They may be different mineralizing manifestations proximal to or distal from a pluton. The Late Carboniferous iron ores and the related magmatic rocks in the AIMB were produced when upwelling of the asthenosphere causes the partial melting of various sources and the formation of a narrow linear extension in the upper crust. The upwelling of the asthenosphere may be triggered by the detachment of an orogenic root zone.     

基于稳定同位素方法的东海中南部海域主要饵料生物营养生态位季节变动的研究

饵料生物在海洋生态系统中处于承上启下的关键地位,为准确评估东海中南部海域饵料生物的营养关系,基于2018年11月和2019年4月两个航次调查中收集的饵料生物的碳氮稳定同位素数据,对其营养生态位的季节变动特征及种间竞争关系进行了研究。结果表明：该海域饵料生物的碳氮稳定同位素比值跨度较大,海域整体食源多样性水平较高,营养结构较稳定;饵料生物δ13C和δ15N值存在明显的季节差异,春季饵料生物的营养级显著低于秋季;浮游动物的营养生态位在两个季节间未发生明显的偏移,但其他饵料生物的生态位的位置和重叠度发生了一定变化,这或许与饵料生物摄食选择的季节差异有关;鱼类、虾类和头足类的营养生态位在不同采样时期分别表现出不同的重叠和分化特征,证明了不同饵料生物对食物选择的差异性。相关研究结果可为类似海域生物营养生态位的研究提供参考,也可为东海海域渔业资源的可持续开发利用和生态环境的保护提供科学资料。     

Late Holocene environmental change in Celestun Lagoon,Yucatan, Mexico

Journal of Paleolimnology - Epikarst estuary response to hydroclimate change remains poorly understood, despite the well-studied link between climate and karst groundwater aquifers. The influence...     

古建筑物雷击灾害特征

通过对古建筑雷击灾害的调查,分析了古建筑遭受雷击部位的分布规律,发现吻兽等突出部位、古树、塔亭、服务设施等是古建筑容易遭受雷击的部位;发现有雷击历史的古建筑容易再次遭受雷击,分析了古建筑遭受雷击后起火的原因,统计了古建筑遭受雷击后造成的人员伤亡比例;讨论了古建筑物遭受雷击的原因,得出地理位置、古建筑的自身结构、树木引雷、古建筑内部环境变化、年久失修进水潮湿等因素是古建筑易受雷击的原因.