Ecological variables influencing the diversity and distribution of macrolichens colonizing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus leucotrichophora</Emphasis> in Uttarakhand forest

Ecological variables play a significant role in determining the diversity and distribution of any living organism on earth. Lichens are not exceptional and are quite sensitive in comparison to other organisms; hence the present study focuses on the impact of ecological variables on the diversity and distribution of epiphytic macrolichens colonizing Quercus leucotrichophora across eight different sites (50 m × 50 m) in Thal Ke Dhar forest, Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. For sampling of macrolichens, 200 trees (25 trees from each site) of Q. leucotrichophora were selected from each site and five quadrats of 5 cm × 10 cm (1000 quadrats in totality) were drawn at the tree trunk. From all the sampled trees, a total of 54 species of epiphytic macrolichens belonging to 18 genera and five families were recorded. Various ecological variables, namely altitude, aspect, slope, diameter at breast height (DBH), and lopping percent (partial cutting of the twigs as disturbance), were also analyzed to investigate their influence on macrolichen species composition and distribution pattern in the study area. For the determination of relationships between these variables, statistical analysis, namely Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, Polynomial regression analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were performed. Out of all variables, lopping was significantly correlated to species richness of epiphytic macrolichens (0.712*, p<0.05) and it was confirmed by Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. Despite of having high anthropogenic pressure or impact through lopping, the maximum number of macrolichen species was recorded at elevation 2267 meter above sea level (m asl). The present study revealed that besides other ecological variables, lopping practices can act as a key parameter in controlling the diversity and distribution not only of epiphytic macrolichens but also of other life forms such as bryophytes, pteridophytes, insects, birds etc. and can be either negatively or positively correlated.     

Geophysical surveys for identifying source and pathways of subsurface water inflow at the Bangur chromite mine,Odisha, India

Geophysical survey was carried out in an effort to solve an underground flooding problem at the Bangur chromite mine of Odisha Mining Corporation Limited, Odisha, India. To identify sources and pathways of the influx, very low-frequency electromagnetic, self-potential and resistivity surveys were performed. Geophysical studies clearly depict a major fracture zone passing through the mine and its connection to a water storage pond. The fracture zone extends further west from the pond to the Salandi River and the Salandi Reservoir. The dip of the delineated fracture zone is around 45° to the N, and it matches with the fault plane exposed in the mine. Since water enters into the mine from the west, the delineated fracture zone is thought to be the main pathway for the inflow. Geophysical studies conclude that the IMFA pond, Salandi River and Salandi Reservoir could be possible sources of water in the mine. To ascertain the source and pathway, tracer testing was conducted at two locations, based on the geophysical survey by the hydrogeological team, but tracer test results were inconclusive. However, the fact remains that the water enters to the mine through the delineated fracture and poses threat in mine operation. Dumping water in nearby pond will again enter in mine with interconnected fractures. Therefore, for safe mining operation, it is proposed to drill a slanted tube well at the delineated fracture and pump out maximum water and discharge the pumped water at canal situated about 2.5 km from the mine.     

基于Applet-CORBA的空间物流信息平台体系

现代科学技术的迅速发展,尤其是信息技术的迅速发展,极大地促进了物流管理技术的发展。在供应链的“四流”,即物流、商流、资金流、信息流中,信息流提升到了前所未有的高度,信息获取和处理的实时性和准确性是物流管理成败的关键。本文首先简单介绍了物流管理技术、空间信息技术以及这两种技术集成的优势,然后结合当前分布计算技术中最具发展潜力的CORBA技术,设计了基于Applet-CORBA的空间物流信息平台,并对系统的体系结构进行了分析。     

Intensity variation of atomic oxygen red line in the day airglow with solar activity

Rates of production of O(¹ D) atoms in the upper atmosphere by photodissociation of O₂, dissociative recombination of O₂ ⁺, NO⁺ and electron impact excitation of O(³ P) have been calculated for low, medium and high levels of solar activity. Variations with solar activity, of neutral and ionic composition, electron and neutral temperatures of the upper atmosphere and solar extreme ultraviolet fluxes incident on it have been taken into consideration.Emission rates ofOi red line (6300Å) have been computed taking into account the deactivation both by molecular oxygen and nitrogen. It has been shown that the integrated intensity from low to high activity period varies by approximately an order of magnitude in agreement with the results of experimental observations.     

发挥矿产资源优势促进冷水江市经济发展

该文分析了冷水江市矿产资源特点及矿业开发现状与存在问题，论述了矿产资源优势转化为经济优势的构想，并对矿业开发提出了对策建议。     

Surface exchange of water vapour between an open sphagnum fen and the atmosphere

Water loss by evapotranspiration (ET) is a principal component of the hydrologic cycle in wetlands. Using micrometeorological techniques, we measured ET from a Sphagnum-dominated open fen in northcentral Minnesota (U.S.A.) from May to October in 1991 and 1992. The daily ET rate ranged from 0.2–4.8 mm d^-1 with a growing season average of 3.0 mm d^-1. The evapotranspiration rate of the fen was near the potential rate of open water evaporation when the vascular plants were actively growing and the water table level was within or above the rooting zone. Using a dual-source modification of the Penman-Monteith equation (Massman, 1992), we partitioned the measured ET into evaporation from the non-vascular Sphagnum surfaces and transpiration from vascular plants. The analysis indicated that about two thirds of the water vapour flux to the atmosphere was from evaporation when the Sphagnum surface was wet. Such an evaporative flux was expected because of vertical distribution of vascular plant leaves which had a small leaf area index (0.4–0.7) and intercepted only about 30% of net radiation (R _n ) during the day. The remainder of R _n was thus available for evaporation from Sphagnum. Evaporation significantly decreased as the Sphagnum surface dried out. When the water table was within the rooting zone (0–0.4 m), the vascular plants absorbed Sphagnum-generated sensible heat, which amounted up to one third of their transpiration energy flux. Under these conditions, the total water vapour flux remained near its potential rate owing to the enhanced transpiration from vascular plants. A drop in water table of 0.15–0.2 m below the hollow bottom during vascular plant senescence resulted in ET rates lower than the potential rates by 5–65%.     

藏北羌塘盆地构造变形及其动力学背景

本文根据盆地的变形特征，将其分为5个变形区，其中北部边缘断褶带和玛依岗日断隆区分别以叠瓦工组合和背冲断块为主，而拉雄错-雀莫错等构造区以发育对称或不对称类隔档式褶皱为特征，其构造变形及其组合方式为燕山-喜马拉雅期羌塘地块和南部诸地块向北不等速运动所造成的南北向压应力场所致。     

高斯线调频小波变换及其在地震震相识别中的应用

基于地震渐变信号在起始点附近信号高频分量比较丰富，但信号幅度较小的特点，本文选取高斯线调频小波作为基函数，研究了不同小波参数和信号参数对其变换结果的影响规律，找出了直接利用变换峰值进行震相识别的误差来源，提出了一种从背景噪声中实现渐变地震震相识别的有效方法——定尺度小波变换比方法，给出了模拟数字信号和实际地震震相识别的实例．