渤、黄、东海夏季环流的三维斜压模型

基于拉格朗日时均观点描述环流，建立起潮流与准定常流共同占优势系统中的陆浅海环流模型，并诊断计算了夏季渤、黄、东海的三维环流图。模拟结果较好地再现了渤、黄、东海主要流系的特征。对照冬季结果，对渤、黄、东海环流的季节变化做了阐述。从环流垂向分量的分布图上，可发现渐闽近海、长江口外存在较明显的上升流区。另外，对夏季渤、黄、东海的热盐环流和潮致余流分别进行了模拟，发现它们均能在黄海构成一逆时针向的五流系统，这对形成和维持夏季黄海冷水团的存在有重要作用。热盐环流的模拟结果表明，黄海冷水团环流含有“热成流”的成分；通过Lagrange余流的计算发现环绕黄河冷水团的环流还含有“潮成流”的成分。     

北太平洋赤道海域表层沉积物的热释光特征及其指示意义

热释光是矿物晶体接受环境核辐射作用后积蓄起来的能量在受到热激发时以光的形式释放出来的一种物理现象,它与晶体损伤、晶体中杂质混入等原因所导致的晶格缺陷有关.热释光强度的大小主要取决于自然界中长寿命放射性元素(238U,235U,230Th,40K及其子体)的衰变,与其他物理、化学、生物或人类活动无关.热释光特征能有效反映晶体形成的环境条件.热释光方法的制样简单、测量快捷,因此在辐射学、核工业、核医学、环境学、农业、考古学、地质学等领域都得到了广泛的应用.在陆地地质学上热释光方法在地质年代测定[1,2]、地层对比[3]、矿物世代划分[4]、矿床含矿评价[4,5]、陨石形成热的历史恢复[6]以及地质事件识别[7]等方面都取得了不少成果.     

A method of determining dominant wave direction from multiparameter hydrological gauge measurements and its application

Multi-parameter hydrological gauge is an instrument developed by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences to make simultaneous observation of current, wave, tide, water temperature and conductivity.By using the well-known "PUV method", the directional wave spectrum can be calculated and the dominant wave direction is then obtained.The comparison of the dominant wave directions derived from the measurements using both the multi-parameter hydrological gauge and the MARK Ⅱ "Wave-Rider" directional buoy shows that the dominant wave directions derived from the two kinds of measurements are in good agreement.     

Comparison of methods for computing hydrodynamic characteristics of arrays of wave power devices

A comparison of methods for the calculation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of arrays of wave power devices is presented. In particular, the plane-wave approximation and an exact multiple scattering formulation have been used to compute exciting wave forces, hydrodynamic coefficients and q factors for arrays of interacting wave power devices. The results obtained are compared with each other, and accuracy aspects of the computations are stressed and critically assessed.     

PSEUDO-STATIC ANALYSIS FOR DYNAMIC DEFORMATION BEHAVIORS OF OFFSHORE GRAVITY PLATFORM FOUNDATIONS

Based on the analysis of cyclic triaxial test for the South-Sea sand, a comprehensive normalized model of soil stress-strain relationship is presented herein, which includes effects of not only initial stress states but also loading cycles. Consequently, a pseudo-static procedure to analyse the deformation behavior of foundations is suggested. Example of calculations shows that the suggested procedure is convenient in application.     

Numerical modelling of the sea level under the actions of the tide and strong wind in the Bohai Sea

In this paper, the numerical modelling of the tidal level and current in the Bohai Sea was carried out with ADI method, by taking the sum of four main tidal components M2,S2K2,O1 as the open boundary condition. The calculated values were consistent with the predicted ones (the observed values in the case of calm) in the Tidal Table. On the basis of the modelling of the tide, the sea level and current fields under the effects of strong wind were simulated. The calculated results were also quite satisfactory.     

非线性共轭梯度法在东海黑潮流计算中的应用

基于现有的几种海流计算方法,根据与P矢量法相同的动力特性和内在假设,对海流计算提出了一种简单、高效、易扩展、适用范围广的新方法:非线性共轭梯度法.利用1989年4月以来的"中日黑潮合作调查研究"6个航次的CTD资料,对东海黑潮流区域应用非线性共轭梯度法进行了海流计算.通过与船载ADCP实测结果比较表明,非线性共轭梯度法是可行的.     

Study on genetic diversity of cultivated populations in 4 species of shrimps

Genetic diversity of cultivated populations was investigated using assay of vertical slabpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 4 species of shrimps, which were Penaeus japonicus, Penaeus monodon , Penaeus vannamei and Metapenaeus ensis, The results showed that the mean number of alle-les per locus (A) is 1.3±0.2, 1.3±0.1, 1.3±0.1 and 1.3 ±0.1 respectively; the percentage of polymorphic loci (P0.95) is 12.5, 6.7, 20 and 23.5 respectively; the expected heterozygosity (He) is 0.042±0.034,0.042±0.031, 0.094±0.042 and 0.097±0.047 respectively; and the observed heterozygosity (H0)is 0.029±0.024, 0.028±0.023,0.154±0.082 and 0.150±0.084 respectively. The difference of genetic diversity is obvious in 4 species of shrimps. The degree of genetic diversity is M. ensis > P. vannamei > P. japonicus > P. monodon. In short, the lower level of genetic diversity is estimated in 4 species of shrimps.     

大亚湾微表层和次表层海水营养盐的研究

根据1998年秋季（10、11月）、1999年春、秋季（4、5、10月）5个航次对大亚湾海区微、次表层的调查结果，分析了微表层海水对氮、磷、硅营养盐的富集概况，讨论了营养盐与环境因子的关系。结果表明：大亚湾海区微表层海水对氮、磷、硅营养盐均有富集作用，因海况及季节不同，富集因数（EF）与其他海区的有所差别；无论夏季或秋季，大亚湾海区微表层海水中无机氮都以NH4－N为主要存在形态；其余水层则以NO3－N为主要存在形态。结果还表明，微表层、次表层海水中NH4－N与BOD5、COD测值都呈高度显著正相关，与PO4－P和SiO3-Si含量均无相关，说明大亚湾海区水中含氮有机物较含磷有机物丰富。     

环境演变研究时间序列的建立方法评述

对环境演变时间序列建立的几种主要方法的纪年原理、应用状况及应用的优点、范围、局限性进行了阐述和比较，包括长寿命宇宙成因核素在内的同位素纪年方法主要判别第四纪以来大时间尺主的沉积物的地质年龄，且能很好地应用于全球变化的研究，但百余年来沉积物的年龄及侵蚀历史变化的研究只能通过^210Pbex、^137Cs等半衰期相对较短的核素来进行；指出^210Pbex可望在现代流域侵蚀环境演变以及其效应评价的研究中获得新的突破。