Carbon biogeochemistry of ground water, Guiyang, southwest China

Variations in the concentrations and isotopic compositions (delta13C(DIC)) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) reflect contamination and biogeochemical cycling of the carbon in ground water. In order to understand contamination and biogeochemical cycling of DIC, we carried out research on the geochemistry of ground water of Guiyang, the capital city of Guizhou Province, China. Results show that ground water is mainly characterized by SO4.HCO3-Ca.Mg and HCO3-Ca.Mg chemical compositions. The hydrochemical characteristics of these types of water are mainly controlled by lithology of the aquifers. HCO3- is the dominant species of DIC in ground water and has lower concentrations and more negative values of delta13C(DIC) in the high-flow (summer monsoon) season, as compared to the low-flow season. This indicates that DIC is relatively enriched in carbon of biological origin in the high-flow season as compared to the low-flow season and that biological activities are the predominant control on shifts of stable carbon isotope values. The evidence that the delta13C(DIC) values of ground water decrease with increasing concentrations of anthropogenic species shows that the carbon isotopic composition of DIC can be a useful tracer of contamination, in addition to biogeochemical cycling of inorganic carbon in ground water. Results from this study show that ground water is impacted by significant levels of contamination from human activities, especially in the urban areas, as well as the northeast and west suburbs, in Guiyang city, southwest China.     

高放废物深地质处置中的多场耦合与核素迁移

概括了深地下工程的深地质处置库的若干特点,简要介绍了多场耦合的机理与类型,论述了高放废物深地质处置多场耦合与核素迁移问题的特点及研究现状,最后提出了高放废物深地质处置多场耦合与核素迁移所需研究的主要问题。     

南昌市突发性应急供水水源地模拟研究

根据研究区水文地质条件,在地下水极丰富区选定尤口、谢埠、桃花三个地段作为突发性应急供水水源地.在现状开采情况下,以满足2020年研究区生活用水量(69.3×104m3/d)3个月为目标,应用GMS软件模拟三个水源地在最不利降水条件下应急供水情况.应急供水3个月之后,桃花有7口井疏干含水层厚度超过原厚度的2/3,最大为78.67％,最小为35.22％,平均为56.48％,基本能满足应急供水要求;谢埠与尤口最大疏干含水层厚度均未超出2/3,平均分别为41.06％和26.30％,均能满足应急供水要求.应急开采时,含水层疏干提供水量所占比重均在90％以上.当3个月应急供水结束后,维持现状开采,在年末桃花、谢埠、尤口含水层厚度分别可恢复至原厚度的89.82％ 、82.57％、85.45％,具有良好的恢复性能.可见,桃花、谢埠、尤口适合作为应急水源地.     

Natural attenuation of septic system nitrogen by anammox

On-site disposal of sewage in septic systems can lead to groundwater plumes with NO(3)(-)-N concentrations exceeding the common drinking water limit of 10 mg/L. Currently, denitrification is considered as the principal natural attenuation process. However, at a large seasonal-use septic system in Ontario (256 campsites), a suboxic zone exists where nitrogen removal of up to 80% occurs including removal of NH(4)(+)-N. This zone has both NO(3)(-)-N and NH(4)(+)-N at >5 mg/L each. In the distal NH(4)(+)-rich zone, NH(4)(+)-N concentrations (8.1 ± 8.0 mg/L) are lower than in the proximal zone (48 ± 36 mg/L) and NH(4)(+)-N is isotopically enriched (concentration-weighted mean δ(15)N of +15.7‰) compared to the proximal zone (+7.8‰). Furthermore, δ(15)N-NH(4)(+) isotopic enrichment increases with depth in the distal zone, which is opposite to what would result if nitrification along the water table zone was the mechanism causing NH(4)(+) depletion. Bacterial community composition was assessed with molecular (DNA-based) analysis and demonstrated that groundwater bacterial populations were predominantly composed of bacteria from two Candidatus genera of the Planctomycetales (Brocadia and Jettenia). Together, these data provide strong evidence that anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) plays an important role in nitrogen attenuation at this site.     

鄱阳湖区水体氮、磷污染状况分析

通过系统测定鄱阳湖湖水、主要入湖口河水及部分农田水、地下水及城市污水氮磷含量,对其氮、磷污染状况进行了分析,同时对湖水及河水的氮、磷来源进行了初步讨论.结果表明,鄱阳湖区水体已达到一定程度的氮、磷污染,特别是饶河段氮含量较高(0.89-3.15mg/L),信江磷含量较高(0.098-0.22mg/L),而湖体的总氮、总磷含量也分别达到1.06±0.28mg/L和0.067±0.042mg/L,已具备富营养化的条件.     

配电网地理信息系统的设计与实现

近年来电力部门利用专业绘图软件(如AutoCAD)或自主开发的电力图形信息管理系统,实现了对空间数据的管理,但还存在很多不足.鉴于此,本文研究了地理信息系统与配电网管理系统的结合模式,基于Oracle及ArcSDE的空间数据管理方式,以GIS组件ArcEngine和VS.NET平台为开发工具,设计并研发了一套完整C/S...