Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre

A significant amount of marine debris has accumulated in the North Pacific Central Gyre (NPCG). The effects on larger marine organisms have been documented through cases of entanglement and ingestion; however, little is known about the effects on lower trophic level marine organisms. This study is the first to document ingestion and quantify the amount of plastic found in the gut of common planktivorous fish in the NPCG. From February 11 to 14, 2008, 11 neuston samples were collected by manta trawl in the NPCG. Plastic from each trawl and fish stomach was counted and weighed and categorized by type, size class and color. Approximately 35% of the fish studied had ingested plastic, averaging 2.1 pieces per fish. Additional studies are needed to determine the residence time of ingested plastics and their effects on fish health and the food chain implications.     

基于SWAT-X模型的抚河流域径流量模拟研究

建立抚河流域的SWAT-X模型,利用其敏感性分析模块分析参数灵敏度,得出4个敏感参数CN2、Gwqmn、rchrg_dp、ESCO;采用沙子岭、南城、廖家湾、娄家村4个水文站1998—2005年月数据进行水文参数率定并评价模型的适应性,结果表明径流模拟值均达到拟合精度(相对误差、相关系数、效率系数),SWAT-X模型适宜于抚河流域的径流量模拟。     

温泉逸出气体观测在长白山火山活动研究中的应用

本文回顾了流体地球化学方法在活动火山监测中的历史,重点分析了长白山火山监测站温泉逸出气体成分变化与火山活动的对应关系,得出了无论是同位素地球化学方法还是常规的温泉逸出气体检测方法,观测结果都很好地对应了火山及火山地震的活动,可以在火山喷发预报中发挥重要的作用。     

森林分水岭溶解有机碳循环—碳同位素探索

溶解有机碳(DOC)对酸感淡水系统的酸基化学,复合,流动,持久性金属中毒及其它污染物质很重要,同时对湖水碳的新陈代谢也很重要。碳同位素(~(13)C和~(14)C)在中部安大略被用来研究软水集水的发源,输送及DOC的清除。降水、土壤过滤,地下水,小溪,水獭池以及湖水和沉积水均具有化学性和同位素性。除总DOC外,已对腐殖和水溶性腐植馏分进行了同位素测量.湖是DOC的净渗坑。△~(14)C结果显示大部分DOC在小溪,湖泊和湿地中的周转时间很快,但少于40年;与酸贮存时间规模一样,地下水中DOC含旧碳量比地上水多,这表明了上土区或蓄水层DOC的深循环。     

层间氧化带与埋藏型古地表氧化带的鉴别特征

本文结合新疆５１２矿床层间氧化带的特征,论述了层间氧化带及埋藏型古地表氧化带的主要特点,并得出层间氧化带的鉴别特征：后成因,对个别含水层的依存性,剖面上呈舌状,沿地层倾向具有明显的分带性及一定的矿物组合等。