三峡重庆库区生态监测规划研究

本文在简要介绍三峡重庆库区基本情况的基础上,分析了库区生态问题,科学合理地提出了重庆库区生态监测的布站原则、站点选择、监测方式、监测项目和监测方法,为三峡库区生态监测进行了前瞻性的研究.     

跨越法采煤控制矿坑涌水量及防治岩溶地面塌陷的研究——以湖南辰溪孝坪煤矿桠杉坡井为例

湖南辰溪孝坪煤矿桠杉坡井为岩充水煤矿井,采用跨越法采煤,辅以封闭突水点、废弃巷道、采空区和将矿坑水排泄补给浅部溶洞水,控制了矿坑涌水量,保持了地下水基本平衡,防止了矿坑疏干排水诱发岩溶地面塌陷。其成功经验可供借鉴。     

Early Mesozoic deformations of the eastern Yanshan thrust belt, northern China

The Yanshan thrust belt (YTB) is located at the northern edge of the North China plate. Because of the intense thicking and subsequent delamination of the lithosphere in north China, geologists have been focused on the Late Mesozoic deformation in the Yanshan belt. The Yanshan belt has been regarded as part of a stable craton from the Proterozoic to the early Mesozoic. In this paper, the authors present that the Yanshan area was deformed during the early Mesozoic. This deformation could be related to ocean basin closure along the northern margin of North China, or related to the collision between the north China and Yangtze Plates along the Qinling-Dabie ultrahigh pressure belt. Three stages of early Mesozoic deformation are identified in the eastern Yanshan at Lingyuan County. The first stage is characterized by westward thrusting (D1), the second stage comprises a top-to-east thrust system (D2), and the third stage comprises extensional gravity-induced collapse and landsliding (D3). The timing of these evens is constrained by both the crosscutting relationships of faults and the isotopic dating of volcanic rocks and gravels. The D1 and D2 events took place in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, whereas D3 event occurred at the end of the Middle Jurassic. The Dengzhangzi formation was deposited during the D1–D2 period and recorded a rapid uplift, erosion, and deposition sequence. These early Mesozoic contractional deformations in the YTB were probably related to the closure of ancient Asian ocean and ancient Qinling ocean. The later crustal extension was caused by gravitational collapse of the eastern China plateau during early Mesozoic.     

青海西部祁漫塔格成矿带找矿新进展及其意义

青海省祁漫塔格成矿带位于东昆仑造山带北西段,带内以往开展了以铁为主的找矿工作,发现一批矽卡岩型中型矿床。近年来带内找矿取得了重大突破:①发现一种新类型矿床——"虎头崖"式层控型大型多金属矿床;②低缓磁异常区多金属和铁矿找矿效果显著,发现四角羊-牛苦头大型多金属矿床,野马泉矿区多金属矿规模达到中型,尕林格矿区发现深部厚大的铁矿体。在系统地综合总结这些成果的基础上,探讨了找矿新进展的意义,划分了3处成矿远景区,并初步讨论了各成矿远景区内进一步找矿的方向。     

两种混养方式对异枝江蓠(Gracilaria bailinae)生长性能、表面附生细菌群落及抗生素抗性基因的影响

为揭示"鱼-藻"和"鱼-虾-藻"混养对异枝江蓠(Gracilaria bailinae)生长性能、表面附生细菌群落和抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的影响,阐明异枝江蓠表面附生细菌群落与生长性能、ARGs之间的关系,利用16S rDNA高通量测序技术和Real-time qPCR技术分析了异枝江蓠表面附生细菌群落和ARGs的组成与差异,冗余分析(RDA)探讨细菌群落与生长性能、ARGs之间的关联。结果表明:(1)"鱼-虾-藻"混养会促进异枝江蓠的生长性能,增加表面附生细菌群落的多样性。(2)异枝江蓠表面附生细菌群落主要属于变形菌门、蓝藻门、浮霉菌门和拟杆菌门,不同混养方式中优势菌属组成不同,"鱼-虾-藻"混养优势菌属多样性较高。(3)"鱼-虾-藻"混养的异枝江蓠ARGs/MGEs的相对丰度大多高于"鱼-藻"混养。(4)RDA分析表明,生长性能主要与Ralstonia、Blastopirellula等显著相关,ARGs/MGEs主要与Nitrosomonas、Alteromonas、Pleurocapsa;CC-7319等显著相关。"鱼-虾-藻"混养能够增强异枝江蓠的生长性能,提高异枝江蓠表面附生细菌群落的多样性。但"鱼-虾-藻"混养能够增加异枝江蓠ARGs/MGEs的相对丰度,存在一定的生态风险。因此,在注重经济效益的同时也要关注可能存在的对人类健康的危害。研究结果将有助于海水养殖环境的优化,为大型海藻在海水养殖业中的应用与推广提供理论基础。     

FY-3D卫星MWHS-2辐射率资料直接同化对台风“米娜”预报的影响*

文章基于天气研究和预报(weather research and forecasting, WRF)模式中的FY-3D卫星微波湿度计Ⅱ(micro-wave humidity sounder 2, MWHS-2)辐射率资料的直接同化模块, 采用三维变分(three dimensional variation, 3DVar)方法在晴空条件下同化MWHS-2辐射率资料, 考察MWHS-2辐射率资料同化对台风“米娜”(2019)预报的影响。文中设计了4组试验, 第一组试验不同化任何资料, 第二组试验同化了单独的全球通信系统(global telecommunications system, GTS)常规资料, 第三组试验联合同化了GTS常规资料和MWHS-2辐射率资料, 第四组试验将MWHS-2辐射率资料换成先进技术微波探测计(advanced technology microwave sounder, ATMS)辐射率资料同化。研究结果表明: 偏差订正后各通道观测和背景场差值的均值趋于0, 同化后分析场相对观测的标准差与均方根误差较背景场显著减小, 同化过程是有效的。与仅同化GTS常规资料和同化ATMS资料的试验相比, 同化晴空MWHS-2辐射率资料后的增量场在台风中心附近有负的高度增量和正的温度增量, 从动力与热力上有助于台风的维持。在确定性预报最后的12h, 同化晴空MWHS-2辐射率资料的试验能够改进500hPa环流形势的模拟, 加强西南方向引导气流的强度, 从而最终减小台风路径预报的误差。     

履带式深海采矿车软底质行走性能分析

海底底质的物理力学参数不同于陆地土壤,其极低的抗剪强度和承压强度对深海采矿车的行走性能提出高要求。分析基于车辆地面力学理论,开展了底质土力学特性试验研究,建立了深海底质力学模型。根据深海重载作业采矿车样机结构参数,在大型动力学仿真软件Recurdyn中建立了仿真模型。通过直线行走多体动力学仿真与直线行走海试试验的对比,验证了仿真模型的准确性。在此基础上开展了采矿车样机在深海软底质上的多种行走工况动力学仿真,分析与评价其行走性能。结果表明,采矿车样机可以顺利完成转弯、爬坡、越障等基本功能。该研究成果可为深海采矿车海底行走性能评估提供理论参考,为深海采矿车和软底质的相互作用力学研究提供借鉴。     

南大西洋沉积物中多环芳香化合物的组成特征研究

10 samples of sediments obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were measured for the abundances and distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds(PAHs). The total concentrations of PAHs(∑PAHs) ranged from 2.768 to 9.826 μg/g dry sediment. The ∑PAHs was higher in sample 22V-TVG10 and sample 26V-TVG05 which were close to hydrothermal fields, with the lowest value in sample 22V-TVG14 which was farthest from hydrothermal fields, suggesting a probable hydrothermal origin of ∑PAHs of samples. Approximately nine kinds of PAHs were identified, and low molecular mass tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatic compounds were predominant in the samples. The concentrations of fluoranthene which were typical as hydrothermal alteration compounds were the highest among PAHs with dry weight between 0.913–3.157 μg/g. The phenanthrene homologue was most abundant in the samples, and the ratios between parent phenanthrene and methylphenanthrene which probably reflected the degree of hydrothermal alteration ranged from 0.097 to 1.602. The sample 22V-TVG10 possessing a maximum ratio value showed the intense influence of the hydrothermal alteration on this sample, which might further imply that PAHs in sediments were mainly derived from the hydrothermal alteration.     

降雨对松散堆积体滑坡稳定性影响探讨——以贵州省沿河土家族自治县为例

降雨是引发滑坡灾害的主要原因之一。通过对沿河土家族自治县具代表性的四个松散堆积体滑坡的分析,认为最大降雨量与滑坡的稳定性系数、滑面倾角均成反比,而滑带土内摩擦角增加时,滑坡启动需要的降雨强度就越大,成正比。其认识与目前该类滑坡的监测数据变化特征总体相吻合。