无惩罚系数SVM高光谱影像分类算法研究

惩罚系数是支持向量机(SVM)机器学习中的一个重要参数,它的设置对分类结果有很大影响。但它没有规律可循,高光谱影像数据量大、数据复杂,为其选择合适的惩罚系数非常困难。提出无惩罚系数的SVM算法,利用最近点算法(NPA)计算二分类,对错分数据不设惩罚系数,而是对其重新构造凸集,计算最优超平面,迭代循环直到错分率达到所设的阈值为止。此算法简化了计算过程,降低了误分率。最后用AVIRIS高光谱影像进行实验,实验效果显示,本算法的分类精度和速度都得到很大提高。     

基于Radarsat和TM图像融合与分类的土壤盐渍化信息遥感监测研究

单一雷达影像数据通常不能提供足够的用以监测干旱地区盐渍化的信息。雷达图像与TM图像的融合可以提高遥感数据的利用率,增强数据的可靠性和信息的互补性,有助于提高分类精度。本文采用了GramSchmidt变换融合法将Radarsat和TM图像进行融合,并将该融合方法与一些常用融合方法(HIS融合、PCA融合、Brovey融合)进行了比较,结果表明该融合方法优于其他方法。最后采用支持向量机分类法(SVM)对Radarsat、TM融合后的图像进行了分类。结果表明:同单独Radarsat影像和TM影像分类结果相比,该融合分类法将分类精度分别提高了近30%和2%。因此该融合分类法更适合于遥感图像盐渍化信息监测。     

RS和GIS支持下的生态风险评估——以塔里木河下游为例

目前为止,生态风险评估还没有一套完整的方法体系。本文以我国最大的内陆河-塔里木河下游区段为研究区域,将遥感、地理信息系统等先进技术手段与模糊数学方法相结合,根据ERA框架和层次分析思想建立塔河下游植被的生态风险评估指标,运用模糊综合评判的方法进行塔河下游植被生态风险的遥感定量评估;在评估结果的基础上进行可视化分析。结果表明:在流域生态风险评估缺乏有效的定量评估方法的情况下,Fuzzy集合论与AH P方法结合的模糊综合评判方法是可行的,具有较高的科学性;运用遥感、地理信息系统等先进的技术手段,实现了评估结果的定性、定量和可视化。     

中咀湾避风港工程波浪分析及其应用

中咀湾是一个天然的避风良港,一般情况下外海波浪影响很小,主要受局部风场产生的局部风浪影响。本文采用曹宏生在Massel的扩展缓坡方程基础上推导出来的考虑陡变地形和能量耗散效应的缓坡方程为控制方程,结合固边界的反射边界条件,构成波浪传播变形的联合折射、绕射和反射的数学模型。文中将此方法运用在中国台州市大陈岛中咀湾避风港中,用波浪数学模型计算极端高水位和设计高水位时3种波况分别在3组重现期时工程海域的波浪要素,提供防波堤的堤前波高,并分析比较此处实心式和透空式防波堤的防浪性能。     

皱纹盘鲍野生与养殖群体微卫星标记遗传变异研究

采用7个微卫星标记对辽宁大连、山东烟台、荣城、崂山和胶南5个皱纹盘鲍养殖群体,以及山东长岛、荣城、日本岩手、韩国仁川4个皱纹盘鲍野生群体进行了群体遗传多样性与遗传分化的研究.结果表明,从等位基因数与杂合度上分析,养殖群体(N=8.0～9.4,He=0.754～0.787)遗传多样性显著低于野生群体(N=11.3～15.0,He=0.821～0.866);等位基因频率分布揭示出野生群体中一些稀有等位基因在养殖群体中有所丢失;亲鲍选用数量少与性别比例不均衡可能是产生养殖群体中遗传多样性显著减少的原因.通过对等位基因频率比较分析,5个养殖群体之间以及养殖群体与野生群体之间观察到显著差异的Fst与Rst值,野生群体之间日本群体Fst与Rst值与其他3个野生群体差异显著,群体间存在遗传分化;养殖群体间遗传距离与地理距离不相关,可能是皱纹盘鲍育苗过程中亲鲍和苗种频繁交流所造成的结果;日本群体与其他3个野生群体间存在显著遗传分化与皱纹盘鲍短暂的浮游期与有限的扩散能力有关.     

Abundance and Distribution of Fatty Acids in Sediments of the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Sediment samples obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were studies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) for the abundance and distributions of total fatty acids(TFAs). Approximately 34 fatty acids were identified, with the chain-lengths ranging from C12 to C30. The total concentrations of TFAs(∑TFA) ranged from 7.15 to 30.09 μg g-1 dry sediment, and ∑TFA was weakly correlated with bitumen content(R2 = 0.69). The ∑TFA of samples around hydrothermal areas were significantly higher than that of samples away from hydrothermal areas, indicating intense primary production and large biomass in the hydrothermal areas, and suggesting a close relationship between hydrothermal activity and ∑TFA of samples. The characteristics of the TFA composition in the present study are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and lacking in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratios between the concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids and ΣTFAs in samples close to the hydrothermal areas, are about 0.8, but for samples far from the hydrothermal areas, they are only about 0.5. Several fatty acids(e.g., a/i C15:0 and C16:1ω7), which are signature biomarkers for sulfur-metabolizing bacteria, show the same distribution trend as ∑TFA of samples, further highlighting the close relationship between fatty acid content and hydrothermal activity and/or hydrothermal communities. The metabolic activities of hydrothermal communities, especially those of microorganisms, are likely the main source of fatty acids in samples.     

极移时间序列建模及预测

基于自回归滑动平均(auto-regressive and moving average,ARMA)模型以及一阶差分ARMA模型分别对极移的X分量和Y分量进行了模型拟合,并利用所拟合的模型对极移进行了预测.通过与国际地球自转服务发布的实测极移数据以及其他方法对比,证明了所建立的拟合模型在短期预报上的有效性.且X分量的ARMA模型在39 d预报跨度内的整体精度优于一阶差分ARMA模型,而Y分量45 d内的一阶差分ARMA模型预报精度比ARMA模型预报精度更高.     

河北矾山超钾质岩浆氧逸度及含水性特征的磷灰石地球化学记录

产于华北克拉通北缘的晚三叠世矾山超钾质碱性岩杂岩体主要由单斜辉石岩和辉石正长岩等组成,以发育内生磷灰石-磁铁矿矿床而闻名。本文选取矾山杂岩体中的磷灰石为研究对象,通过测试磷灰石的主微量元素及原位Sr-Nd同位素组成以探讨母岩浆的氧逸度及含水性特征。研究表明,矾山磷灰石以轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损为特征,显示出缺乏显著Ce异常的“右倾”的稀土配分型式,且具有较低的Ga含量及较高的δEu值,暗示杂岩体具有较高的岩浆氧逸度,这也得到了磷灰石Mn氧逸度计的支持。所有磷灰石以高Sr、低Y为特征,具有较高的Sr/Y(>30)和La/Yb(>90)比值,且Sr/Y与La/Yb存在明显的正相关关系,表明矾山超钾质岩浆具有较高的含水量。矾山磷灰石的原位Sr-Nd同位素投点位于地幔序列,明显偏离地壳趋势。母岩浆的“氧化且富水”特征是矾山杂岩体得以发生磷灰石-磁铁矿矿化的重要因素,其主要与板片俯冲过程中蚀变洋壳对岩石圈地幔的交代作用有关。通过对比矾山杂岩体与全球范围内其他地质环境中磷灰石的成分数据,发现具有“高Sr、低F、少Cl”特征的磷灰石可作为识别超钾质碱性岩杂岩体(及其相关金属矿床)的...     

我国新一代VLBI数字基带转换器研制进展

数字化是目前设备研制发展的趋势,介绍了中国科学院上海天文台利用超大规模集成电路结合软件无线电技术,自主研发的我国新一代VLBI数字基带转换器(Chinese Data Acquisition System,简称CDAS).文中描述了设备的工作原理及其组成,并以VLBI观测实验数据证明其可行性.与原有的模拟设备(Anal...     

The improvement of the one-dimensional Mellor-Yamada and K-profile parameterization turbulence schemes with the non-breaking surface wave-induced verticalmixing

Both the level 2.5 Mellor-Yamada turbulence closure scheme(MY) and K-profile parameterization(KPP) are popularly used by the ocean modeling community.The MY and the KPP are improved through including the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing(Bv),and the improved schemes were tested by using continuous data at the Papa ocean weather station(OWS) during 1961–1965.The numerical results showed that the Bv can make the temperature simulations fit much better with the continuous data from Papa Station.The two improved schemes overcame the shortcomings of predicting too shallow upper mixed layer depth and consequently overheated sea surface temperature during summertime,which are in fact common problems for all turbulence closure models.Statistical analysis showed that the Bv effectively reduced the mean absolute error and root mean square error of the upper layer temperature and increased the correlation coefficient between simulation and the observation.Furthermore,the performance of vertical mixing induced by shear instability and the Bv is also compared.Both the temperature structure and its seasonal cycle significantly improved by including the Bv,regardless of whether shear instability was included or not,especially for the KPP mixing scheme,which suggested that Bv played a dominant role in the upper ocean where the mean current was relatively weak,such as at Papa Station.These results may provide a clue to improve ocean circulation models.