全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18307篇 |
免费 | 4257篇 |
国内免费 | 5664篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 2540篇 |
大气科学 | 3025篇 |
地球物理 | 3986篇 |
地质学 | 11152篇 |
海洋学 | 2696篇 |
天文学 | 416篇 |
综合类 | 1864篇 |
自然地理 | 2549篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 114篇 |
2023年 | 402篇 |
2022年 | 1060篇 |
2021年 | 1275篇 |
2020年 | 1064篇 |
2019年 | 1074篇 |
2018年 | 1291篇 |
2017年 | 1089篇 |
2016年 | 1200篇 |
2015年 | 1359篇 |
2014年 | 1313篇 |
2013年 | 1495篇 |
2012年 | 1613篇 |
2011年 | 1650篇 |
2010年 | 1583篇 |
2009年 | 1408篇 |
2008年 | 1331篇 |
2007年 | 1184篇 |
2006年 | 1068篇 |
2005年 | 882篇 |
2004年 | 655篇 |
2003年 | 572篇 |
2002年 | 593篇 |
2001年 | 519篇 |
2000年 | 445篇 |
1999年 | 386篇 |
1998年 | 239篇 |
1997年 | 229篇 |
1996年 | 199篇 |
1995年 | 146篇 |
1994年 | 177篇 |
1993年 | 117篇 |
1992年 | 101篇 |
1991年 | 71篇 |
1990年 | 59篇 |
1989年 | 45篇 |
1988年 | 44篇 |
1987年 | 38篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 25篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1958年 | 10篇 |
1957年 | 8篇 |
1954年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
993.
Sub-seasonal variability of Luzon Strait Transport in a high resolution global model 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The Luzon Strait is the main impact pathway of the Kuroshio on the circulation in South China Sea (SCS). Based on the analysis of the 1997–2007 altimeter data and 2005–2006 output data from a high resolution global HYCOM model, the total Luzon Strait Transport (LST) has remarkable subseasonal oscillations with a typical period of 90 to 120 days, and an average value of 1.9 Sv into SCS. Further spectrum analysis shows that the temporal variability of the LST at different depth is remarkable different. In the upper layer (0–300 m), westward inflow has significant seasonal and subseasonal variability. In the bottom layer (below 1 200 m), eastward outflow exhibits remarkable seasonal variability, while subseasonal variability is also clear. In the intermediate layer, the westward inflow is slightly bigger than the eastward outflow, and both of them have obvious seasonal and subseasonal variability. Because the seasonal variation of westward inflow and eastward outflow is opposite, the total transport of intermediate layer exhibits significant 50–150 days variation, without obvious seasonal signals. The westward Rossby waves with a period of 90 to 120 days in the Western Pacific have very clear correlationship with the Luzon Strait Transport, this indicates that the interaction between these westward Rossby waves and Kuroshio might be the possible mechanism of the subseasonal variation of the LST. 相似文献
994.
Analysis of the contributions of topographic,soil, and vegetation features on the spatial distributions of surface soil moisture in a steep natural forested headwater catchment 下载免费PDF全文
Surface soil moisture has been extensively studied for various land uses and landforms. Although many studies have reported potential factors that control surface soil moisture over space or time, the findings have not always been consistent, indicating a need for identification of the main factors. This study focused on the static controls of topographic, soil, and vegetation features on surface soil moisture in a steep natural forested headwater catchment consisting of three hillslope units of a gully area, side slope, and valley‐head slope. Using a simple correlation analysis to investigate the effects of the static factors on surface soil moisture at depths of 0–20 cm at 470 points in 13 surveys, we addressed the characteristics of surface soil moisture and its main controlling factors. The results indicated that the mean of surface soil moisture was in the decreasing order of gully area > valley‐head slope > side slope. The relationship between the mean and standard deviation of surface soil moisture showed a convex‐upward shape in the headwater catchment, a negative curvilinear shape in the gully area, and positive curvilinear shapes at the side and valley‐head slopes. At the headwater catchment and valley‐head slope, positive contributions of soil porosity and negative contributions of slope gradient and saturated hydraulic conductivity were the main controlling factors of surface soil moisture under wetter conditions, whereas positive contributions of topographic wetness index and negative contributions of vegetation density were the main controlling factors of surface soil moisture under drier conditions. At the side slope underlain by fractured bedrocks, only saturated hydraulic conductivity and vegetation density were observed to be the controlling factors. Surface soil moisture in the gully area was mainly affected by runoff rather than were static features. Thus, using hillslope units is effective for approximately estimating the hydrological behaviours of surface moisture on a larger scale, whereas dependency between the main static factors and moisture conditions is helpful for estimating the spatial distributions of surface moisture on a smaller scale. 相似文献
995.
Qiuan Zhu Hong Jiang Xiaohua Wei Changhui Peng Xiuqing Fang Shirong Liu Guomo Zhou Shuquan Yu Weiming Ju 《水文研究》2010,24(4):429-445
The Integrated Biosphere Simulator is used to evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of the crucial hydrological variables [run‐off and actual evapotranspiration (AET)] of the water balance across China for the period 1951–2006 including a precipitation analysis. Results suggest three major findings. First, simulated run‐off captured 85% of the spatial variability and 80% of the temporal variability for 85 hydrological gauges across China. The mean relative errors were within 20% for 66% of the studied stations and within 30% for 86% of the stations. The Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients indicated that the quantity pattern of run‐off was also captured acceptably except for some watersheds in southwestern and northwestern China. The possible reasons for underestimation of run‐off in the Tibetan plateau include underestimation of precipitation and uncertainties in other meteorological data due to complex topography, and simplified representations of the soil depth attribute and snow processes in the model. Second, simulated AET matched reasonably with estimated values calculated as the residual of precipitation and run‐off for watersheds controlled by the hydrological gauges. Finally, trend analysis based on the Mann–Kendall method indicated that significant increasing and decreasing patterns in precipitation appeared in the northwest part of China and the Yellow River region, respectively. Significant increasing and decreasing trends in AET were detected in the Southwest region and the Yangtze River region, respectively. In addition, the Southwest region, northern China (including the Heilongjiang, Liaohe, and Haihe Basins), and the Yellow River Basin showed significant decreasing trends in run‐off, and the Zhemin hydrological region showed a significant increasing trend. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
996.
In order to study the origin of the spatial structure of the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM),a linear stochastic model is constructed empirically from the output of a GCM run.Optimal stochastic forcing in terms of the maximum variance contribution,which may be potentially related to the maintenance of the NAM,is investigated.Theoretical analysis on the dominant non-modal response to the stochastic forcing shows that this dominance is jointly decided by the properties of forcing and the non-modal grow... 相似文献
997.
Spatial and temporal distributions of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in the intertidal sediment of the Chang jiang River Estuary in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Spatial and temporal distributions of nutrients (N and P) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd)
in the intertidal sediments at Dongtan wetland of the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary
were examined by laying one transect running seaward to landward during January, April, June,
August and October of 2005. Total nitrogen (TN) and heavy metal concentrations in the intertidal
sediment showed an increasing trend from open bare °at to the high marsh, with the maximum
concentrations in the high marsh and the minimum values in open bare °at. In contrast, sediment
total phosphorus (TP) concentrations changed little among sampling sites. One-way ANOVA found
that there were signiˉcantly temporal variations of nutrients and heavy metals concentrations in the
intertidal sediment (P <0.05). The concentrations of heavy metals generally showed an increasing
trend from January to October. As compared with other large estuaries, heavy metal contamination
in the intertidal sediment of the Changjiang River Estuary was relatively low. 相似文献
998.
999.
浙江沿岸海域经济贝类中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留分布与污染评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对2006年6月和2007年6月采集于浙江沿岸海域12个站位的5种经济贝类样品,采用气相色谱(GC)方法,进行了有机氯农药(HCHs和DDTs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)残留量的检测,分析了不同种类贝类中HCHs、DDTs和PCBs异构体组分特征,探讨了浙江沿岸海域HCHs、DDTs和PCBs残留分布状况、年际变化趋势和DDTs的来源,并与厦门岛东部等5个主要沿海海域进行了污染物残留量的比较。结果表明:(1)调查区各海域贝类中的HCHs、DDTs和PCBs残留量(湿质量)分别为:(ND~7.86)×10-9,(0.72~281.73)×10-9,(ND~97.95)×10-9;残留量(湿质量)平均值分别为:1.50×10-9,33.65×10-9,19.56×10-9。调查区各海域所有贝类中的HCHs残留量,均符合国家一类生物质量标准,DDTs残留量仅在四角蛤蜊中符合国家一类生物质量标准,在其余4种贝类中仅符合国家二类生物质量标准。DDTs残留量平均值明显高于HCHs和PCBs,因此可以将DDTs视为调查区各海域典型的有机氯污染物。(2)在HCHs和DDTs组分中,分别以-αHCH和P,P-′DDT占优势;在PCBs中,以含4~7个氯原子的PCB占主要优势,调查区部分海域有新的HCHs和DDTs污染源。(3)自2006年6月至2007年6月,HCHs和PCBs残留量总体呈下降趋势,而DDTs残留量则呈上升趋势,不同海域的有机氯残留量有较明显差异。DDTs的污染源与农业生产中三氯杀螨醇的使用有关。(4)与厦门岛东部等5个主要沿海地区相比,浙江沿岸海域经济贝类有机氯污染物中,HCHs残留量仍处于较低水平,DDTs残留量处于中等水平,PCBs残留量则处于较高水平。 相似文献
1000.