苏格兰阿伯丁城市土壤的微生物特性研究

在重金属的胁迫下,阿伯丁城市土壤中微生物特征发生了显著的变化,与农村土相比,微生物基底呼吸作用明显增强,但微生物生物量却显著降低,微生物生理参数Ｃｍｉｎ／Ｃｏｒｇ、ｑＣＯ２值明显升高,Ｂｉｏｌｏｇ数据显示城市土壤对能源碳的消耗量和速度显著升高,而且对能源碳的利用方式发生了改变,但利用效率却明显降低,反映出微生物特性可作为城市土壤环境质量变异的有效指标。     

Cultural sediment analyses and transitions in early fishing activity at Langenesværet,Vesterålen,Northern Norway

The development of specialized and commercial fishing activity in the island archipelago of Lofoten and Vesterålen in northern Norway is a critical foundation from which to understand the subsequent spread of commercial fishing across the north Atlantic region during the medieval and early modern period. One little understood aspect of this development is the relationship between medieval commercial fishing stations (fiskevaer) and earlier fishing activity. In this article, cultural sediment deposits at Langenesværet, Vesterålen, Northern Norway provide an opportunity to examine this relationship and its implications for current historical models of fishing development in northern Norway and the north Atlantic region. Conventional and AMS radiocarbon dating techniques are used to establish a chronology for the deposits, while activities associated with the sediments are characterized using thin‐section micromorphology supported by proton induced X‐ray emission spectrometry (PIXE). The results suggest that the site commenced formation as early as ca. 3000 B.C. and that the site was first used for specialized fishing activity from the early centuries A.D. The medieval commercial fiskevaer settlement at Langenesværet was introduced to an area that had a longstanding tradition of specialised fishing activity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.