基于小波去噪的灰色Verhulst模型在高铁路基沉降预测的应用

高铁路基需严格控制工后不均匀沉降。鉴于高铁路基沉降预测值精度受观测噪声和预测拟合函数的影响,本文提出了基于小波函数去噪,对去噪数据进行灰色Verhulst模型预测的方法,并阐述了高铁路基沉降预测评价方法。通过工程实例对比分析了去噪灰色Verhulst模型、GM(1,1)模型、双曲线模型在沉降数据处理中的拟合精度和预测精度。结果表明:GM(1,1)模型拟合精度高,预测精度低,不适用于长期预测;双曲线法预测精度最低,预测曲线不包含路基饱和发展过程;小波去噪灰色Verhulst模型符合高铁路基沉降规律,预测精度高,可以广泛用于路基沉降预测。     

The spatial configuration of innovation networks in China

China is rising and gradually developing into an innovation-oriented economy. This transition is fueled by public and private investment in education and by increasing inputs into science and technology. Little attention, however, has been paid to the great differences in China-specific context peculiarity. Hence, the paper assesses Chinese innovation networks using a comprehensive analytical model that includes network configuration, regional environment, government interference and firm attributes. The empirical analysis examines China’s machinery manufacturing industry to test the determinants of the spatial character of Chinese innovation networks based on questionnaire surveys and illustrative cases. Our study finds that Chinese innovation networks are affected not only by innovation resource endowments and firm attributes, but also by government interference and regional culture. Regarding the influence of regional culture, the typical Northern culture with the importance of guanxi plays an important role in the process of searching for partners and makes the innovation network and interpersonal network interwoven. Firms’ ownership and innovation ability are the two essential variables to determine whether any of the regional elements are of significance.     

Apodized Lyot coronagraph for SPHERE/VLT

SPHERE (which stands for Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch) is a second-generation Very Large Telescope (VLT) instrument dedicated to high-contrast direct imaging of exoplanets which first-light is scheduled for 2011. Within this complex instrument one of the central components is the apodized Lyot coronagraph (ALC). The present paper reports on the most interesting aspects and results of the whole numerical study made during the design of the ALC for SPHERE/VLT. The method followed for this study is purely numerical, but with an end-to-end approach which is largely fed by a number of instrumental feedbacks. The results obtained and presented in this paper firstly permit to finalize the optical design before laboratory performance testing of the ALC being built for SPHERE/VLT (see paper II ??Laboratory tests and performances??), but will also hopefully help conceiving future other instruments alike, for example within the very promising extremely large telescope perspective.     

Crustal Structures Beneath the Mid-lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt and Its Adjacent Regions in Eastern China-Evidences from P-wave Receiver Function Imaging for a MASH Metallization Process?

利用长江中下游成矿带多学科深部探测剖面于2009年11月至2011年3月间采集的天然地震数据,通过天然地震接收函数成像等分析研究,得到了研究区地壳和上地幔结构的清晰图像.接收函数成像结果显示研究区内Moho面深度存在着明显的起伏变化,在长江中下游成矿带(指剖面穿过的长江中下游成矿带宁芜矿集区,下同)下方存在着“幔隆构造”.在剖面东南端(即扬子克拉通北缘),Moho面相对稳定,深度约为30km;在茅山和江南断裂附近,Moho面存在上下起伏现象;在剖面中部或宁芜矿集区下方,Moho面存在明显隆起,深度只有28km;在郯庐断裂带下方,Moho面明显加深,深度达到36km;进一步向北到华北地台南缘,Moho面深度逐渐恢复到了32km左右的平均深度水平.其次,我们在接收函数成像结果中发现,长江中下游成矿带与其周边下地壳结构存在着明显的差异,成矿带的下地壳具有显著的地震波方位各向异性.扬子克拉通北缘的下地壳呈高速的近水平状结构,地震波各向异性特征不明显;与此相比,长江中下游成矿带的下地壳虽然也呈近水平状结构特征,但是,对于沿成矿带走向方向传播的地震波,其下地壳具有高速特征,而对于垂直于成矿带走向方向上传播的地震波,其下地壳却又表现为低速特征,这意味着成矿带的下地壳存在着平行于成矿带走向(即近北东南西)方向的地震波各向异性,我们解释其是下地壳熔融并沿成矿带走向水平流动导致矿物晶体定向排列的结果.最后,在郯庐断裂以西的华北地台南缘观测到一条从上地壳延伸到中下地壳的南南东向倾斜的转换震相,我们推测它可能是合肥盆地内地壳伸展构造的反映.此外,我们发现接收函数成像结果中观测到的“幔隆构造”与远震P波层析成像结果在成矿带下方150km深度上显示的上地幔低速异常(江国明等,另文发表)存在着良好的对应关系,我们解释它们是软流圈物质上涌的遗迹.综合天然地震接收函数成像、远震P波层析成像和前人关于岩浆岩等方面的研究成果,我们认为长江中下游成矿带现今的下地壳可能是中生代发生成矿作用的多级岩浆房系统的一部分,成矿带的形成可能是类似MASH过程的产物.首先,软流圈物质上涌导致了长江中下游成矿带及其周边拉张环境的形成,在其上部地壳中形成了一系列伸展构造;然后,软流圈物质通过底侵进入长江中下游成矿带的原下地壳并与原下地壳物质发生同化作用,形成类埃达克质岩浆;接着,类埃达克质岩浆沿着伸展、拆离构造上升到地壳浅部形成不同层次的岩浆房和侵入岩体,并与围岩作用形成矿床.     

Crustal structure of Gondwana- and Yangtze-typed blocks: An example by wide-angle seismic profile from Menglian to Malong in western Yunnan

Ancient Tethyan vestige extends from Alps, Kaebaiqn Mountain and eastward through Turkey, IranAfghanistan, and the middle and north of Tibetan Plateau, then turns to western Yunnan and Sichuan, andfinally ends at Zhongnan Peninsula. The PaleoTethyan is supposed as one eastward opened Oceanand superposed by tectonic deformation in the latestage of the late Mesozoic to Paleocene of Cenozoicand covered by Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits. The Sanjiang region in southwestern China is in the…     

西北干旱区乡村性评价及驱动机制研究——以甘肃武威为例

基于武威市1949~2013年65 a的社会经济统计数据,以县域为基本单元构建乡村性指标体系,通过测算各县区乡村性指数和分异指数来分析乡村性的时间演变和空间分异,并从社会经济和技术经济两个维度探讨了乡村性演变的影响因素。结果表明：① 1949~2013年间武威市各县区乡村性指数总体呈减弱趋势,但减弱幅度和速度存在差异。② 各县区乡村性分异指数呈波动增长趋势,2000年以后乡村性分异指数急剧增长,表明各县区乡村性差异越来越大。③ 社会经济和技术经济是影响乡村性变动的两大动因,各因素的发展致使城乡差距缩小、乡村性水平减弱、城乡一体化发展趋势明显。     

2014—2016年拉萨市大气环境质量分析及评价

本文对2014—2016年拉萨市6种空气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10、PM25、CO、O3的浓度变化进行了分析和评估。结果表明：①拉萨市区大气污染物以PM10为主,其次是O3;②拉萨市区大气环境中SO2、CO的含量逐年下降,但是,NO2含量逐年上升;③拉萨市大气环境中的PM25与PM10比值明显偏低,表明拉萨市大气环境质量主要的影响因素为自然因素。     

中国文化贸易的影响因素分析——以核心文化产品出口为例

文化贸易作为人与地多方面、宽视角、深层次结合,是人地关系综合体,地理学视角对其影响因素深入研究具有重大的理论和现实意义。基于中国核心文化产品主要出口国家和地区贸易额、主要社会经济统计数据,采用多元线性回归分析模型对中国文化出口贸易影响因素进行研究。研究发现：中国文化出口贸易受到贸易规模、产业结构、经济规模、国土面积、市场规模等因素影响;贸易规模、产业结构和经济规模是中国文化贸易出口的主要影响因素。     

Characterization of microbial community structure in rhizosphere soils of Cowskin Azalea (Rhododendron aureum Georgi) on northern slope of Changbai Mountains,China

The vegetation and soil are mutual environmental factors, soil characteristics, such as chemical properties and microorganism that affect the vegetation occurrence, development and succession speed. In this study, we evaluated the structure of microbial communities of rhizosphere of Cowskin Azalea(Rhododendron aureum Georgi) populations and compared with non-rhizosphere soils at four sample sites of the Changbai Mountains, China, and analyzed the correlation between chemical properties of soil and microbial communities. The results showed that microbial structure and soil chemical properties are significant superior to non-rhizosphere at all four sample sites. The rhizosphere microorganisms are mainly composed of bacteria, actinomycetes, followed by fungi least. The principal component analysis(PCA) biplot displayed that there are differences between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils for microflora; Through correlation analysis, we found that the bacteria is clearly influenced by p H on the Changbai Mountains, besides p H, other soil features such as NO3–-N. These data highlight that R. aureum as the dominant vegetation living in the alpine tundra is a key factor in the formation of soil microorganism and improving soil fertility, and is of great significance for the maintenance of alpine tundra ecosystem.     

夏季黄海冷水团冷源估算及开发方式分析

通过分析2011年8月的出海调查数据,绘制了不同断面上的温度分布图及调查海域底部的温度分布图,基本了解了黄海冷水团西边界的空间分布特征;根据热力学及流体力学的基本理论,在忽略热量传递次要项的前提下,通过计算海水在输运过程中的"冷量"损失,得到了黄海冷水在输运过程中的温度变化情况;进一步结合青岛地区海水源热泵技术的具体应用情况,分析探讨了黄海冷水团的开发利用前景。结果表明:黄海冷水团边缘距离岸边较近,约20~40km,在冷水输运过程中"冷量"损失较小,管道内部末端水温仅升高5℃~6℃,并且青岛地区已经具备相对成熟的海水温差能利用技术,这些都为黄海冷水团的开发利用提供了理论与现实基础。