历史城区旅游化：时空过程、功能转换及关联协调——以甘肃省天水市历史城区为例

借助史料、历史地图及谷歌POI数据,运用空间句法和GIS空间分析探讨天水古城自明清以来空间和功能的演化过程及其内在关联。研究发现：① 明清以来,天水古城的旅游化经历了传统游憩的普及（明清）、衰落（民国）、停滞（1949—1987年）阶段,现代旅游兴起与传统游憩恢复（1988—2000年）及融合创新（2001年至今）阶段。古城传统格局逐渐消失,但是历史轴线的主轴线地位延续,可达性、穿越性最好,协同度最高,“空间结构惯性”规律作用明显。② 在不同施动主体的共同作用下,天水古城由安全防御、军事政治、集市商贸等传统功能向工业生产,进而向现代旅游、居住功能转变,游憩休闲功能显著增强。③ 居民和游客共享公共活动空间,但服务功能相互分离。游客活动空间与功能服务协调性较好,居民公共活动空间与服务设施一致性较差。     

中国城市生活垃圾处理能力的时空格局及影响因素

基于2003—2017年中国30个省份的数据,探究城市生活垃圾处理能力的时空格局,并构建动态面板数据模型实证检验中国城市生活垃圾处理能力的影响因素。研究结果表明,考察期内城市生活垃圾处理能力存在空间发展不平衡问题;进一步利用Dagum基尼系数测算城市生活垃圾处理能力的空间差距并将其进行分解,其中,东部地区的地区内差距最大,地区间差距则以东部地区和西部地区之间最大,而超变密度则是空间差距的主要来源;此外,通过回归模型发现人均GDP、专利授权数、城镇化水平以及无害化处理厂数目的提升将促进城市生活垃圾处理能力的提高。     

中国主要城市技术创新影响环境污染的空间分异与机理

基于中国285个地级及以上城市的数据,利用空间自相关模型,在全域和局域尺度分析技术创新与环境污染的空间关联,在此基础上,使用地理加权回归模型分析技术创新对环境污染影响程度的地区差异,并借助地理探测器分析其影响机理。研究结果表明:① 技术创新与环境污染均存在显著的空间集聚性,二者在全域尺度上存在正向的空间关联,在局域尺度上正向和负向关联并存,具有高创新-高污染、低创新-低污染、高创新-低污染、低创新-高污染4种集聚类型。② 所有城市的技术创新对环境污染均存在负向影响,影响程度呈现出由东向西渐次递增的空间分异格局,现有样本计算结果有条件地支持EKC曲线,技术创新能够促进经济与环境的良性发展。③ 环境污染是多种因素共同作用的结果,经济发展、产业结构、人力资本、外商直接投资、环境规制均能强化技术创新对环境污染的改善作用,技术创新对环境污染的影响更多的是通过技术进步优化产业结构,从而减少环境污染。     

Distribution and accumulation of soil carbon in temperate wetland,northeast China

Estimating carbon sequestration and nutrient accumulation rates in Northeast China are important to assess wetlands function as carbon sink buffering greenhouse gas increasing in North Asia. The objectives of this study were to estimate accreting rates of carbon and nutrients in typical temperate wetlands. Results indicated that average soil organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) contents were 37.81%, 1.59% and 0.08% in peatlands, 5.33%, 0.25% and 0.05% in marshes, 2.92%, 0.27% and 0.10% in marshy meadows, respectively. Chronologies reconstructed by 210 Pb in the present work were acceptable and reliable, and the average time to yield 0–40 cm depth sediment cores was 150 years. Average carbon sequestration rate(Carbonsq), nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation rates were 219.4 g C/(m~2·yr), 9.16 g N/(m~2·yr) and 0.46 g P/(m~2·yr) for peatland; 57.13 g C/(m~2·yr), 5.42 g N/(m~2·yr) and 2.16 g P/(m~2·yr) for marshy meadow; 78.35 g C/(m~2·yr), 8.70 g N/(m~2·yr) and 0.71 g P/(m2·yr) for marshy; respectively. Positive relations existed between Carbonsq with nitrogen and precipitations, indicating that Carbonsq might be strengthened in future climate scenarios.     

中国地级以上城市工业创新效率空间格局研究

以中国288个地级以上城市为研究对象,运用2008年第二次全国经济普查工业创新活动数据,综合考察城市工业创新效率的空间格局及其影响因素。首先,从投入和产出两方面构建了中国城市工业创新效率评价体系,运用DEA包络分析方法,从规模效率和纯技术效率两个维度对城市工业创新技术效率进行分析。然后,以聚类分析划分了3类工业创新效率城市,总结工业创新效率模式的空间特征,并分析了影响空间格局的原因。研究发现：中国城市工业创新效率呈现东强西弱,阶梯状减弱的总体空间格局,工业创新规模效率和纯技术效率的空间特征并不重合;全国尺度上,工业创新效率城市的空间分布与人口密度“黑河-腾冲”线的分布基本一致,区域尺度上,城市间呈现“核心-边缘”空间结构;城市工业创新效率空间格局受到工业发展基础与工业创新能力影响,提高城市工业创新效率关键在于提升工业创新中人力资本要素和优化工业创新投入规模。     

夏季风等环流因子对黄河中游径流量周期变化的影响

基于黄河中游4个水文站1919~2010年还原的天然径流量、1873~2011年的夏季风强度指数、北大西洋涛动指数（NAO）和西太平洋副高指数等资料,利用Morlet小波方法分析了黄河中游河口镇-龙门区间（简称河龙区间）,龙门-三门峡区间（简称龙三区间）和三门峡-花园口区间（简称三花区间）径流量的周期变化,并探索了夏季风、中纬度西风与西太平洋副高等环流因子对黄河中游3个区间径流量周期性变化的影响。研究发现,黄河中游3个区间径流量的变化对夏季风、中纬度西风和西太平洋副高存在差异性响应,季风对于黄河中游的径流量不仅在时间上具有趋势性的影响,更为重要的是存在周期性的控制作用,在80 a长周期上对于整个黄河中游都有控制作用,但影响黄河中游降水-径流过程的不仅仅是夏季风,相关统计结果表明还受到西风带和西太平洋副高周期的影响。3个区间都存在一个中等尺度(25 a)的周期,这个周期在夏季风上没有得到体现,河龙区间和龙三区间的25 a周期是受西风带影响所致,而三花区间的中尺度25 a周期是西太平洋副高指数的强度和西界的作用所致。     

An improvement of soil temperature simulations on the Tibetan Plateau

The simulation of soil temperature on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a dominant role in the performance of both global climate and numerical weather forecast models. To improve the simulation of soil temperature on the TP, the Johansen soil thermal conductivity parameterization scheme was introduced into Community Land Model 3.5 (CLM3.5) and Regional Climatic Model 4 (RegCM4). The improved CLM3.5 and RegCM4-CLM were utilized to conduct offline and regional simulation experiments on the TP. Comparison of the new and old schemes revealed that CLM3.5 provides high thermal conductivity parameters of mineral soil solid on the TP. The Johansen scheme is more practical for the TP than the soil thermal conductivity parameterization in CLM3.5. The simulation of soil temperature and liquid water content was improved in offline experiment. The improved parameterization scheme can also reduce the simulation error of soil temperature in winter throughout the entire TP.     

Effects of aluminum toxicity induced by acid deposition on pine forest ecosystem in Longli of Guizhou Province,Southwestern China

The effects of acid deposition on pine forest ecosystems in Longli of Guizhou Province, southwestern China are studied using indoor experiments and model simulations. Indoor experiments are designed to explore the aluminum toxicity on pine seedlings, and the long-term soil acidification model（LTSAM） and a terrestrial biogeochemistry model（CENTURY） are used to simulate the influences of acid deposition on pine forest ecosystems. The indoor experiment results of aluminum toxicity show that aluminum ions in solution limit plant growth and acid deposition enhances this effect by facilitating the release of aluminum ions from the soil. Pine seedling biomass and root elongation decrease as the aluminum concentration increases. The results of model simulations show that the soil chemistry varies significantly with different changes in acid deposition. When the acid deposition increases, the pH value in the soil solution decreases and the soil Al³⁺ concentration increases. The increased acid deposition also has negative impacts on the forest ecosystem, i.e., decreases plant biomass, net primary productivity（NPP） and net CO₂ uptake. As a result, the soil organic carbon（SOC） decreases because of the limited supply of decomposition material. Thus acid deposition need be reduced to help protect the forest ecosystems.     

Streamflow change of major rivers over the Tibetan Plateau during the last half century and its possible causes

The streamflow on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an important role in the water supply of Asia's main river basins. To enhance understanding of hydrologic cycle under the pronounced warming over the TP, this study comprehensively investigates the streamflow changes at the upstream of six major rivers (Yellow River, Yalong River, Jinsha River, Lancang River, Nu River, and Yarlung Zangbo River) originating from the TP, and then diagnoses their possible causes by analysing the impacts of climate variability and human activities. Results indicate that these six major rivers studied have generally insignificant increasing trends in annual streamflow during the last half century, except for two stations. The significant increase appears at the Tuotuohe station in the headwater area of Jinsha River, while the dramatic decrease occurs at the Yunjinghong station in the downstream of Lancang River. In terms of climate factors, the six river basins show a distinct warming trend, along with a noticeable increase in precipitation over the central and northern regions. Pan evaporation, wind speed, sunshine duration, and relative humidity have been found to gradually decrease in most areas. As for the Tuotuohe station, both warming-induced meltwater and increasing precipitation might jointly contribute to the increasing streamflow. But for the Yunjinghong station, the results simulated by the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model indicate that human activities, especially for the impoundment processes of Xiaowan and Nuozhadu dams, significantly influenced the streamflow, contributing to approximately 69% of the streamflow reduction during 2009–2013. In the context of accelerated global warming, greater attention should be paid to hydrometeorological changes on the TP to offer further insights for the water resources management of the ‘Asian Water Tower’.     

中药熏蒸治疗腰椎间盘突出症的用药规律探析

目的：分析中药熏蒸治疗腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）的用药规律。方法：计算机检索2017年1月1日至2022年7月31日中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据(WANFANG DATA)、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）中关于中药熏蒸治疗LDH的处方,借助中医传承辅助平台（V2.5）分析药物的频次、性味、归经,基于关联规则和复杂系统熵聚类分析核心药物组合等遣方规律。结果：共纳入处方150首,涉及中药171味。使用频.次≥30次的药物有18味,排前10位的分别为红花、伸筋草、透骨草、川芎、当归、威灵仙、独活、牛膝、桂枝和川乌。药性以温、平、寒为主;药味以辛、苦、甘、咸为主;归经主要归肝、心、肾、脾和膀胱经。关联规则分析得到常用药物组合19组。复杂系统熵聚类分析得到核心药物组合12组与新处方6首。结论：中药熏蒸治疗LDH多采用祛风湿、活血化瘀之药,兼以补益肝肾药。