新型圆筒型FPSO垂荡抑制结构优化设计

针对传统圆筒型FPSO垂荡运动剧烈的特点,提出一种带有垂荡抑制结构的圆筒型FPSO。采用1∶77.8的缩尺比制作模型,进行垂荡纵摇衰减试验,得到带有不同垂荡抑制结构模型的固有周期和无因次阻尼系数,进而选取最优的垂荡抑制结构型式。之后计算并对比传统圆筒型FPSO和新型圆筒型FPSO垂荡纵摇运动的固有周期和幅频响应函数。在此基础上,结合我国南海海洋环境条件,设计新型圆筒型FPSO的系泊系统,计算分析自存工况下的耦合动力响应,并与传统圆筒型FPSO进行对比。结果表明,文中提出的垂荡抑制结构可以有效增大系统垂荡纵摇运动的固有周期,改善运动性能,提高系泊的安全性。     

沿程非均匀分布植物区对海啸波消减的数值研究

为研究近岸植物的非均匀分布对海啸波的消减作用,采用非静压单相流模型计算了5种不同密度分布植物与孤立波的相互作用,分析不同密度分布植物对海啸的消波特性。结果表明在植物总株数相同时,具有不同分布密度植物的消波效果相近,透射波波高差小于3%、最大流速差小于5.4%,但是不同植物密度分布情况下植物区前的反射系数有所不同,反射系数最大差为80.2%。此外,所有分布的植物区对波高和流速的透射系数随着波高和植物区长度变化的趋势是一样的,在不同入射波高和植物区长度情况下5种分布均呈现出相似的沿程衰减机制。     

威海市天鹅湖海洋牧场底层海水溶解氧浓度时间变化特征

依据威海市天鹅湖海洋牧场2016年7—10月海洋生态环境海底有缆在线观测系统的长期连续观测数据,研究了该牧场底层海水溶解氧浓度的时间变化特征,并探讨了其可能的影响因素。结果表明:观测期间海水溶解氧浓度平均值为6.65mg/L,呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,月平均值最小为6.36mg/L,出现在9月。溶解氧月浓度标准差呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,而溶解氧日浓度标准差总体变化趋势与月浓度标准差相反。底层海水基本上处于不饱和状态,月均溶解氧消耗量在观测期间逐月增大。海水温度是影响溶解氧浓度变化的主要因素。7月1日至8月24日期间,牧场海域存在季节性温跃层。7月1日至17日与8月11日至24日期间,溶解氧浓度下降可能受季节性温跃层和海水温度上升的共同影响;7月18日至8月1日期间,溶解氧浓度变化不受季节性温跃层控制。大风过程会增强表、底层海水交换,使溶解氧浓度上升。月均溶解氧浓度日变化均表现出双峰双谷的特征,与月均水深日变化对比, 7—8月0—13时无显著正相关性, 7—8月1—23时及9—10月相位变化基本一致,涨潮时海水溶解氧浓度升高,而落潮时降低,说明研究区域外海水溶解氧浓度很可能高于近岸,而潮流输运过程使得近岸海水溶解氧浓度随潮汐过程变化。     

贻贝附着基海带苗种运输技术探究

中介生物辅助大型海藻海底基质附着技术,是采用海面撒播苗种方法,进行大型海藻海底增殖的核心技术。研究发现,该贝、藻复合体苗种的运输比普通水产苗种运输难度显著增加。本文采取传统的干运、水运以及发明的淋水运输3种不同方式,进行了贻贝附着基海带苗种运输技术研究。结果表明:干运3h内苗种的存活率和生长速度与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);水运1h以上苗种的存活率与对照组差异显著(P0.05);淋水运输24 h内苗种的存活率和生长速度与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。实验说明:水运不适合该苗种运输;在露空时间3 h以内,干运是最经济、最便捷的苗种运输方法;在露空24 h以内,采取淋水运输能够保证苗种的成活率,可以作为该苗种常规的运输方法。     

加强海洋科技创新支撑山东海洋强省建设的战略研究

山东加快发展海洋经济、建设海洋强省,是深入贯彻落实习近平总书记经略海洋、建设海洋强国重要指示精神的重要举措,是山东实现两个走在前列、推进新时代现代化强省建设的必由之路。海洋是现代科技的"新战场",建设海洋强省,海洋科技创新是核心关键,也是重要保障。山东海洋科技力量优势明显,但也存在着一些问题和不足,打造山东半岛海洋科技创新中心,提升海洋科技创新能力,完善区域海洋科技创新体系,对于推动海洋经济发展,支撑引领山东新时代海洋强省建设具有重要意义。     

Bacterial communities fluctuate in abundance and diversity under simulated oil-contaminated seawater conditions

Marine bacteria have recently been identified as a potent solution for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in response to hazardous oceanic oil spills. In this study, a mesocosm experiment simulating a petroleum spill event was performed to investigate changes in the abundance, structure, and productivity of bacterial communities in response to oil pollution. Cultured heterotrophic bacteria and total bacteria showed a consistent trend involving an immediate decrease in abundance, followed by a slight increase, and a steady low-level thereafter. However, the changing trend of bacterial productivity based on bacterial biomass and bacterial volume showed the opposite trend. In addition, the density of oil-degrading bacteria increased initially, then subsequently declined. The change in the bacterial community structure at day 0 and day 28 were also analyzed by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), which indicated that the species diversity of the bacterial community changed greatly after oil pollution. Alphaproteobacteria (40.98%) replaced Epsilonproteobacteria (51.10%) as the most abundant class, and Gammaproteobacteria (38.80%) became the second most dominant class in the whole bacterial community. The bacterial communities in oil-contaminated seawater (32 genera) became much more complex than those found in the natural seawater sample (16 genera). The proportion of petroleum-degrading bacteria in the oil-contaminated seawater also increased. In this study, culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches were combined to elucidate changes in both bacterial productivity and community structure. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the role that bacteria play in material cycling and degradation in response to oil pollution.     

山东南部近海春季大型底栖动物丰度、生物量及群落结构研究

于2007年4月对山东南部近海进行了32个站位的大型底栖动物研究,共发现大型底栖动物170种,其中多毛类87种,软体动物25种,甲壳类47种,棘皮动物7种,其他类群4种。排名前3位的优势种是背蚓虫(Notomastus latericeus)、东方缝栖蛤(Hiatella orientalia)和寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys oligobranchia)。研究海域大型底栖动物总平均丰度为1494 ind/m~2,总平均生物量为13.88 g/m~2,生物多样性指数H′、J′和d的平均值分别为:3.856、0.805和4.004。在30%相似度水平上,该海域大型底栖动物可划分为4个群落。综合H′和ABC曲线的结果,山东南部海域底栖生态环境较好。     

Estimation of genetic parameters for upper thermal tolerance and growth-related traits in turbot Scophthalmus maximus using the Bayesian method based on Gibbs sampling

In order to carry out the genetic improvement of turbot upper thermal tolerance, it is necessary to estimate the genetic parameters of UTT(upper thermal tolerance) and growth-related traits. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for BW(body weight) and UTT in a two-generational turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.) pedigree derived from four imported turbot stocks(England, France, Denmark and Norway). A total of 42 families including 20 families from G1 generation and 22 families from G2 generation were used to test upper thermal tolerance(40–50 animals per family) in this study and the body weight of individuals were measured. The heritability of BW and UTT and the correlation between these two traits were estimated based on an individual animal model using Bayesian method based on two types of animal models with and without maternal effects.These results showed that the heritabilities for BW and UTT and phenotypic and genetic correlations between the two traits estimated from model without maternal effects were 0.239±0.141, 0.111±0.080, 0.075±0.026 and–0.019±0.011, respectively. The corresponding values from model with maternal effects were 0.203±0.115,0.055±0.026, 0.047±0.034 and –0.024±0.028, respectively. The maternal effects of BW and UTT were 0.050±0.017 and 0.013±0.004, respectively. The maternal effects had a certain influence on the genetic evaluation of the two traits. The findings of this paper provided the necessary background to determine the best selection strategy to be adopted in the genetic improvement program.     

渤海陆源入海污染源在线监测系统建设探究

文章通过探究国内外在线监测技术发展状况,针对渤海陆源入海污染源环境现状,从国家方针政策、监测体系现状等多方面提出了渤海陆源入海污染源在线监测系统建设的必要性。并根据目前渤海陆源入海污染源在线监测系统的建设情况,分析其存在的问题,提出通过加快标准制度建设、引导社会力量参与研发、顶层设计分步实施、强化人才队伍建设等方面举措推进在线监测系统建设工作,以期能为正在进行的渤海陆源入海污染源在线监测系统建设提供帮助。