生态系统服务的价值评估方法研究

在综合分析国内外生态系统服务功能分类和估价研究基础上,对价值评估方法进行了汇总.目前对生态系统服务进行估价的方法可概括为4大类:实际市场评估技术、替代市场评估技术、模拟市场评估技术以及新近提出的空间-能值分析技术.由于生态系统服务本身的复杂性和交叉性,不同研究人员采用不同的研究方法得出的评价结果间对比性很低,缺少一个统一、规范、完善的评价体系来相互验证.     

贵州中东部剩余重力异常与区域矿产分布关系

重点研究1:20万剩余重力异常,结合航磁、物性、地质等资料,初步圈定区内隐伏、半隐伏岩浆岩体,对研究与重力异常、岩体分布关系密切的矿产的时间、空间分布及其成因,有一定参考价值和指示意义。     

Study on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin

Studies on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin, which is regarded as a key ecological shelter, will contribute to flood control and environmental protection for the Upper Yangtze River Basin. In two typical catchments--the Fujiang River Catchment and the Wujiang River Catchment, rainfall simulations have been conducted to study the rain-runoff processes of yellow soil and limestone soil in three types of land use--forestland, farmland and grassland. Results showed that （1） within the same rainfall process, overland flow occurs first on farmland, then on grassland, and finally on forestland; （2） soil surface coverage has a great impact on the occurrence and amount of overland flow. The runoff amount can increase 2-4 times after the coverage is removed; （3） the infiltration before the occurrence of overland flow will decrease because of higher gravel contents of soil, but it takes no effect on infiltration once overland flow becomes stable; （4） the runoff coefficient of the limestone soil forestland is greater than that of the yellow soil forest land, but less than that of the farmland; （5） three empirical infiltration models, including Horton＇ model, Kostiakov＇ model, and modified Kostiakov＇ model, were compared by using the observed results under rainfall simulation. The results showed that the Kostiakov＇ model performed better than both the Horton＇ model and modified Kostiakov model. According to the results of this research, the Kostiakov＇s model can be used to simulate rainfall infiltration when water erosion is modeled in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin.     

甚低频电磁法在哈尔楚鲁图银-多金属矿区控矿构造特征分析中的应用

以哈尔楚鲁图银-多金属矿床为例,阐述了甚低频电磁法(VLF-EM)在覆盖区控矿构造特征分析及隐伏矿体找矿预测中的应用。VLF-EM测量和地质解释成果表明:矿区内断裂构造主要有NWW、NNW及NE三个方向。其中,NNW和NWW向断裂为主要含矿构造,二者构成菱形网格状或雁列式控矿构造基本格局,断裂交汇地段为形成较大矿体的有利地段;NE向断裂未见工业矿体产出,对矿体起到错断和破坏作用。     

Distribution Characteristics of Sulfur and the Main Harmful Trace Elements in China’s Coal

To promote the rational development and use of clean coal resources in China, data on the regional and age distribution of sulfur, arsenic and other harmful elements in Chinese coal was broadly collected, tested for content, and analyzed. Coal in northwestern China is characterized by low to extremely low levels of sulfur; the coal of the Taiyuan Formation in northern China mainly has high-sulfur content; that of the Shanxi Formation is mainly characterized by low sulfur coal; and the Late Permian coal in southern China has overall higher sulfur content; other regions have low sulfur coal. The average content of harmful trace elements in the bulk of China＇s coal is similar to the corresponding content in the coal of the North America and the rest of the world, whereas the content of various elements （Hg, Sb and Se） is different in magnitude to the corresponding percentage in the crust. The average content of the elements Cr, Se, Co, Be, U, Br in Late Permian coal in S China ranks first in the country whereas the average content of Hg and CI in the coals of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age in N China are the highest. The average content of Mn in Early and Middle Jurassic coal is higher in NW China. The high content of harmful elements in some coal should cause particular concern both in the development and utilization of coal.     

河南镇平秋树湾矿区铜、钼矿床地质特征及深部找矿潜力分析

秋树湾矿区是一座中型规模的铜、钼矿床。在水平方向上矿区具北铜南钼的分布特征,即北山铜矿床和南山钼矿床;从垂向上看,北山铜矿床深部赋存有规模较大的钼矿体,并具垂直分带现象,即上铜下钼。这主要是矿区成矿后,构造活动使南山赋矿区向上逆冲,使其上部的铜矿体被剥蚀,而北山赋矿区上部的矿体则保存了下来。因此,研究认为,在北山铜矿区的下部及南山钼矿区中深部寻找隐伏钼矿床具有较大潜力。     

二三维联动的虚拟校园设计与实现

传统的2维地理信息系统技术成熟但缺乏3维可视化和分析的能力,而目前的3维地理信息系统发展可拥有3维可视化分析能力,然而还缺少2维地理信息系统的便捷。以二三维联动为开发思路的地理信息系统能够解决这对矛盾。本文基于二三维联动GIS的设计方案,以虚拟校园设计与实现为应用实例,利用ArcEngine（AE）实现二三维联动GIS系统的开发设计,对GIS系统的开发做出了一种新的、有益的尝试。     

南充市城区地质环境质量分区模糊评价

在收集了大量的地质资料的基础上,结合地理信息系统的数据库和空间分析功能,通过专家一层次分析法确定权重,运用模糊评判法对南充市城市地质环境质量进行分区评价。地质环境是城市建设和发展的基础,随着城市化进程加快,城市地质环境问题越来越突出。因此,对城市地质环境条件进行定量评价,对于城市规划和建设具有重要的指导意义：评价的结果将南充市城市地质环境划分为3个区11个亚区,各区地质环境质量有明显的差异,并提出城市建设合理的发展方向。     

项目后评价在水利工程建设中的应用初探

项目后评价,是项目生命周期的最后一个流程。实施项目后评价,及时总结项目建设的成功经验和失败教训,对于优化以后类似项目的建设程序,提高决策水平、管理水平和投资效果都有着重要的意义。当前国内项目后评价中尚存在一些突出问题:没有将后评价和前评估区分开;后评估系统的独立性不够;后评估的实施部门缺乏必要的调查核实手段,选取的数据资料面窄、量小、时间期限短,缺乏应有的代表性。针对上述问题并结合水利项目自身特点,提出相应的对策和建议。