琼东南盆地北礁地区梅山组丘形反射特征

目前琼东南盆地北礁凹陷中中新统梅山组顶部丘形反射引起广泛关注,但对其成因有不同认识。本文通过高精度二维、三维地震、钻井资料,研究丘形反射的特征。研究表明北礁地区梅山组顶部发育近东西向展布的长条形丘体,丘间为水道,丘内为中-弱振幅的地震反射,与西南部强振幅水道砂岩形成鲜明的对比,波阻抗反演揭示丘内为低波阻抗,属泥岩范畴。梅山组塑性丘内地层发生重力扩展,在其上覆的脆性地层（强振幅砂岩和弱振幅泥岩）发育多边形断层,反推出梅山组形成于深水环境,丘为泥丘,沉积环境分析也认为北礁凹陷中中新世为半深海沉积,梅山组的丘-谷分别对应上覆地层的谷-丘,认为是底流剥蚀/沉积成因。本文的研究对南海北部丘形反射的认识有重要意义,并可降低油气探勘风险。     

The δ18O of UST Quartz in Two Porphyry Deposits,China

The unidirectional solidification textures (UST) quartz is generally thought to form from fluids exsolved from shallow intrusions and/or magma chambers, but such an idea is still poorly constrained from the evidence of stable isotopes. In this study, we report for the first time the δ¹⁸O of quartz that shows UST from the Qulong Cu–Mo and the Yechangping Mo porphyry deposits in China. The analysis results show that the UST quartz samples from the Qulong deposit have δ¹⁸O values ranging from +6.2 ‰ to +7.6 ‰, which are similar to that of quartz phenocrysts (+6.7 ‰ to +7.8 ‰). In contrast, the UST quartz samples from the Yechangping porphyry Mo deposit yield a high δ¹⁸O value (+10.0 ‰). The δ¹⁸O_water value of Yechangping UST quartz (+8.5 ‰) is also higher than that of Qulong (+4.6 ‰ to +5.8 ‰). Hydrothermal biotite from potassic alteration and sericite from early phyllic alteration at Qulong have similar δ¹⁸O values to UST quartz, suggesting the involvement of magmatic fluids during this stage of deposit evolution.     

改进GM(1,1)模型在建筑沉降变形观测中的应用

灰色预测模型GM（1,1）的建模思想是：原始序列（非负序列）经过一次累加生成后,形成一个单调递增数列,新序列中各数据点的连线可以用指数函数y=ae^bx进行拟合。根据这个指数函数可以推导出下一个累加值的预测值（即第一个预测期）,最后通过累减生成将累加序列预测值还原为原始序列预测值。本文通过对原始序列进行指数-幂函数变换,增加了原始序列的光滑度;并在灰参数求取过程中对原始序列赋以权重,利用迭代计算的方法推导出了模型精确背景值;最后通过使预测序列残差平方和最小的方法计算出最优初始条件,进而提出了一个改进后的GM（1,1）模型。利用改进后GM（1,1）模型对某大厦沉降监测数据进行模拟与分析,并对改进前后的模型进行对比与分析,结果表明,改进后模型的各项精度因子相比于传统模型均有所提高,且时间序列越往后的预测值,精度越高。     

Retrieval of super‐virtual refraction by cross‐correlation

Topography and severe variations of near‐surface layers lead to travel‐time perturbations for the events in seismic exploration. Usually, these perturbations could be estimated and eliminated by refraction technology. The virtual refraction method is a relatively new technique for retrieval of refraction information from seismic records contaminated by noise. Based on the virtual refraction, this paper proposes super‐virtual refraction interferometry by cross‐correlation to retrieve refraction wavefields by summing the cross‐correlation of raw refraction wavefields and virtual refraction wavefields over all receivers located outside the retrieved source and receiver pair. This method can enhance refraction signal gradually as the source–receiver offset decreases. For further enhancement of refracted waves, a scheme of hybrid virtual refraction wavefields is applied by stacking of correlation‐type and convolution‐type super‐virtual refractions. Our new method does not need any information about the near‐surface velocity model, which can solve the problem of directly unmeasured virtual refraction energy from the virtual source at the surface, and extend the acquisition aperture to its maximum extent in raw seismic records. It can also reduce random noise influence in raw seismic records effectively and improve refracted waves’ signal‐to‐noise ratio by a factor proportional to the square root of the number of receivers positioned at stationary‐phase points, based on the improvement of virtual refraction's signal‐to‐noise ratio. Using results from synthetic and field data, we show that our new method is effective to retrieve refraction information from raw seismic records and improve the accuracy of first‐arrival picks.     

2013 年芦山7.0 级地震前后重力场变化特征

利用四川地区2010 ～ 2013 年流动重力观测数据作出的重力场动态变化图像和重力段差时序变化图像,对芦山7. 0 级地震前后的重力场动态演化特征进行了研究,结果表明:震前重力场经历了约3 年的重力增大和约1 年的减小变化,重力变化呈“上升→加速上升→减速上升→加速下降→减速下降”特征; 芦山地震发生在重力场变化由下降转为上升的回调过程中;震后重力场变化以较快的速度恢复到接近震前状况,并出现重力正值变化异常区域;临震前震中区域重力场变化数值较小,构造带活动速度变慢。     

An alternative approach for computing seismic response with accidental eccentricity

Accidental eccentricity is a non-standard assumption for seismic design of tall buildings. Taking it into consideration requires reanalysis of seismic resistance, which requires either time consuming computation of natural vibration of eccentric structures or finding a static displacement solution by applying an approximated equivalent torsional moment for each eccentric case. This study proposes an alternative modal response spectrum analysis(MRSA) approach to calculate seismic responses with accidental eccentricity. The proposed approach, called the Rayleigh Ritz Projection-MRSA(RRP-MRSA), is developed based on MRSA and two strategies:(a) a RRP method to obtain a fast calculation of approximate modes of eccentric structures; and(b) an approach to assemble mass matrices of eccentric structures. The efficiency of RRP-MRSA is tested via engineering examples and compared with the standard MRSA(ST-MRSA) and one approximate method, i.e., the equivalent torsional moment hybrid MRSA(ETM-MRSA). Numerical results show that RRP-MRSA not only achieves almost the same precision as ST-MRSA, and is much better than ETM-MRSA, but is also more economical. Thus, RRP-MRSA can be in place of current accidental eccentricity computations in seismic design.     

上覆硬厚岩层破断运动及断顶控制

硬厚覆岩的破断与结构将发生显著的变化。针对汝箕沟煤矿二2煤层上覆厚层石英砂岩条件,采用现场实测、数值模拟、理论分析及现场试验等方法,研究了硬厚覆岩裂隙发育特征、破断运动、矿压显现特征及断顶控制技术,为硬厚覆岩工作面灾害防治提供了依据。研究表明,硬厚石英砂岩的微观结构致密完整,呈现大面积悬空、大步距破断运动,引起强烈的支架动载,甚至导致工作面风流逆转、沟通上部采空区隐形火区;硬厚岩层破断运移后产生明显的离层空间,并在开切眼上部和工作面上部及采空区中部形成覆岩主裂隙带,且发育高度大于经验计算数值,甚至与上方采空区沟通诱发灾害;实施开切眼深孔断顶爆破及降低工作面采高,有效缩短了硬厚岩层的初次破断步距,降低了支架动载及主裂隙带高度。     

人工冻土围压SHPB试验与冲击压缩特性分析

利用分离式Hopkinson压杆（SHPB）,以铝质套筒作为围压装置,分别研究温度为-8、-12、-16 ℃在不同应变率下的人工冻结黏土围压状态变形特征和轴向动态应力-应变关系。研究结果表明：在围压状态下,冻土呈黏塑性破坏特征;当人工冻结黏土温度为-16 ℃、平均应变率分别为410、457、525、650、827 s-1时,其最大应力分别为10.76、12.18、14.27、20.24、23.34 MPa,最大应变分别为0.081 7、0.097 2、0.105 0、0.131 0和0.166 0,表现出较强应变率效应;-12 ℃和-16 ℃时在应变率为457 s-1下的最大应力分别为8.28 MPa和12.18 MPa;当应变率相同时,温度越低,最大应力越大,冻结黏土表现出较强的温度相关性。人工冻土的动力学特性为冻土开挖方法的研究提供依据。     

冬季气候变暖对山西省冬小麦可种植区的影响

基于山西省境内较为均匀分布的70 个地面气象观测站1970-2012 年冬季逐日气温资料,采用线性倾向估计法分析了负积温、最冷月平均气温和年极端最低气温的变化特征,采用累积距平法确定其突变点,以突变点为界分为前后2 个时间段,依据前后时间段等值线的变化分析冬季气候变暖对山西省冬小麦可种植区的影响。结果表明：山西省负积温呈现显著减少趋势（通过了α=0.01 的显著检验）,最冷月平均气温和年极端最低气温呈现不显著升高趋势;突变后,负积温平均减少了103.4℃,最冷月平均气温和年极端最低气温分别升高了0.8℃和0.7℃;在3 个指标中,决定山西省冬小麦能否种植的关键因子是负积温和年极端最低气温,最冷月平均气温的影响较小;冬季气候变暖后,平均状况下,冬小麦可种植区域面积扩大了约2.9×10⁶ hm²,扩大52%,80%保证率下,冬小麦种植面积扩大了约2.3×10⁶ hm²,扩大79%。