基于空间综合分析的长株潭城市群结构评价与优化策略

长株潭城市群空间特征及优化策略可作为我国多中心城市群空间优化的典型样本之一.本文运用多维度空间分析方法,对长株潭城市群空间展开现状测度与评价,尊重城市群阶段特征,选取针对性指标对比反映空间内在特征.在采用核密度法分析2013年和2017年湖南省152个区县第二产业与就业指标的空间变化后,得出长株潭城市群已初步形成空间—...     

Performance Evaluation of a Self-Developed Ozonesonde and Its Application in an Intensive Observational Campaign

To make a detailed test on the reliability and detection performance of the electrochemical concentra- tion cell （ECC） type ozonesonde which had been devel- oped and preliminarily evaluated by the authors, an inten- sive ozonesonde release experiment was held at two sites in Beijing and Changchun in June 2013. The results showed that the mean background current and its standard deviation were 0.03 （0.04） pA and 0.02 （0.03） pA in Bei- jing （Changchun）. The average response time and its standard deviation were 27.8 s （30.4 s） and 4.0 s （3.7 s） in Beijing （Changchun）. The ozone partial pressure profiles at both sites showed a central peak in the stratosphere and a side peak in the boundary layer. Large variation in ozone partial pressure was observed at the middle levels of the atmosphere （10-17 kin）. A more marked gradient of ozone change was observed in Beijing （3.4 mPa km-1） at the lower atmosphere level, as compared to that in Changchun （0.4 mPa km-l）. The results presented in this paper indicate that this self-developed ozonesonde shows a high level of reliability and good performance. The ozonsonde is expected to play an important role in opera- tional observations of ozone profiles.     

中美平板载荷试验规程对比及试验研究

本文通过对比中国标准与美国ASTM标准关于平板载荷试验的规定,总结归纳出两者主要区别在于承压板尺寸和沉降稳定标准,并研究其对试验结果可能产生的影响,提出工程应用中需注意的问题。美国标准通用性较强,具有较大的灵活性,而中国标准相对详细严格。笔者针对博茨瓦纳电厂的平板载荷试验,分别采用中美标准进行试验,试验结果表明:在砂类土等强度较高的地层进行试验,采用中美标准所得到的试验结果相差不明显。本文研究可为我国勘察设计人员进行需采用美标开展平板载荷试验的国外工程提供有价值的参考和解决方案。     

内蒙古敖兰敖日格一带侵入岩地球化学数据的统计分析与地质解释

采用数理统计方法,研究了内蒙古科右中旗敖兰敖日格一带出露的侵入岩的岩石地球化学特征.选用地质因子分析等统计方法,分析了解体后的敖兰敖日格岩体、杜尔基岩体中各侵入岩填图单位的常量元素、区域主要成矿元素等地球化学数据,总结了侵入岩的岩石地球化学特征由老到新的演化趋势及变化规律,探讨了各主要岩体与区域成矿的相关性,为区域地质找矿提供依据.     

基于精选基准消秩亏的GNSS参考网数据处理方法

全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）参考网多用于估计卫星轨道/钟差、监测地表形变和速度场、确定精密地球自转参数等方面。相关数据处理模式包括：双差基线解（DD）和非差精密单点定位（PPP）等。本文首先从GNSS基本观测方程出发,通过选取两组基准参数,导出了上述两模式下的列满秩观测方程,然后分析了它们的不足,例如：相位偏差在DD模式中吸收了钟差,丧失了时不变特性;模糊度在PPP模式中吸收了相位偏差,失去了整数性。基于上述分析,本文提出了一种新的参考网数据处理方案,以充分融合DD和PPP模式的优势。它的关键策略是精选基准参数,以达到消秩亏的目的,具体优点体现在：相位偏差独立可估,若合理约束为时不变参数,可充分减少参数个数,提高网解精度;待估模糊度具备整周特性,经由模糊度固定,可改善网解可靠性。     

天水渭北地区变质花岗岩类岩石学特征及其地质时代

天水渭北地区地处祁连与北秦岭造山带结合部位。通过详细的岩石学特征、接触关系、形变及变质特征研究证实,尽管岩体有较强烈的变质和变形作用,但岩体内保留有清晰的原生岩浆组构,岩体与围岩有清楚的侵入关系,因而从变质地层中识别和解体出来众多的变质花岗岩类。主要成岩期及代表性岩类有:晚元古代为片麻状正长花岗岩—二长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩,同位素年龄为953.4～1 450 Ma;震旦纪为片理化石英二长岩—石英闪长岩,同位素年龄为547 Ma。识别和解体出的这些变质花岗岩类,为进一步研究祁连和北秦岭两大构造单元的岩浆事件和构造演化提供了十分重要的信息。     

对地图集总体设计的思考

从地图集及地图集总体设计的概念出发,提出地图集总体设计的内容、设计的基本原则和地图集总体设计的评价,从而阐明地图集总体设计的重要性。     

A grid-based tropospheric product for China using a GNSS network

Tropospheric delay accounts for one source of error in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). To better characterize the tropospheric delays in the temporal and spatial domain and facilitate the safety-critical use of GNSS across China, a method is proposed to generate a grid-based tropospheric product (GTP) using the GNSS network with an empirical tropospheric model, known as IGGtrop. The prototype system generates the GTPs in post-processing and real-time modes and is based on the undifferenced and uncombined precise point positioning (UU-PPP) technique. GTPs are constructed for a grid form (\(2.0{^{\circ }}\times 2.5{^{\circ }}\) latitude–longitude) over China with a time resolution of 5 min. The real-time GTP messages are encoded in a self-defined RTCM3 format and broadcast to users using NTRIP (networked transport of RTCM via internet protocol), which enables efficient and safe transmission to real-time users. Our approach for GTP generation consists of three sequential steps. In the first step, GNSS-derived zenith tropospheric delays (ZTDs) for a network of GNSS stations are estimated using UU-PPP. In the second step, vertical adjustments for the GNSS-derived ZTDs are applied to address the height differences between the GNSS stations and grid points. The ZTD height corrections are provided by the IGGtrop model. Finally, an inverse distance weighting method is used to interpolate the GNSS-derived ZTDs from the surrounding GNSS stations to the location of the grid point. A total of 210 global positioning system (GPS) stations from the crustal movement observation network of China are used to generate the GTPs in both post-processing and real-time modes. The accuracies of the GTPs are assessed against with ERA-Interim-derived ZTDs and the GPS-derived ZTDs at 12 test GPS stations, respectively. The results show that the post-processing and real-time GTPs can provide the ZTDs with accuracies of 1.4 and 1.8 cm, respectively. We also apply the GTPs in real-time kinematic GPS PPP, and the results show that the convergence time of the PPP solutions is shortened. These results confirm that the GTPs can act as an efficient information source to augment GNSS positioning over China.