地史早期古板块构造研究进展

系统地总结早前寒武纪地质研究成果中与板块构造相关的一些线壳以及对在地史早期寻找古板块的不利因素；在与现代洋壳结构对比的基础上，描述了地史早期洋壳残片的特征，为在现代大陆中寻找古板块提供了依据，并例证现今至少已经找到了早元古时期的洋壳残片。     

DAMAGE EVALUATION BASED ON POINT-AREA INTEGRATED INFORMATION IN FLOOD DIVERSION BASIN

1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, the increased human activities in river basins have resulted in severe soil erosion and subsequent river sedimentation. Higher water levels for the same flow discharge imply that the flood risk has increased, as has the possibility of using flood diversion basins (FDB抯). To reduce the potential flood damage, rapid flood risk prediction and efficient flood damage evaluation are needed. The flood risk prediction is closely related to hydraulic information s…     

关于震级频度关系的一些讨论

讨论了地震活动的复杂性特征与震级频度的关系．认为一般情况下地震活动系统具有多重分形特征．文中利用多重分形的观点讨论了震级频度关系的形式，分析了震级频度关系出现非线性的可能的原因．作为示例，文中概要地讨论了新西兰近年来的地震活动bq谱．      

山东地区闪电的特征分析

利用1998～2000年山东地区雷电探测网获取的云对地闪电资料，从闪电的日变化、闪电的强度、闪电密度、极性等方面研究了山东地区的雷电分布特征。结果表明，云地闪电中负闪占绝大多数；正闪的平均强度大于负闪，在闪电强度较小和较大时发生的正闪占总正闪电总数的比例相应地高于负闪；闪电的发生也有明显的日变化，总体呈双峰双谷形式；闪电的空间分布与地形有关，也与下垫面的性质有关。对部分城市市区闪电密度的统计分析表明，济宁、莱芜、滨州、泰安、济南等位于鲁中地区的城市更应加强人工防雷工作。     

黄河下游冰成滑塌与塌陷构造的研究

黄河是一条有着特殊水文、水动力、沉积环境及沉积物的河流。因此，它盛产特殊的沉积现象---冰成滑塌与塌陷构造便是其中之一。冰成滑塌与塌陷构造在黄河下游非常发育，它们主要发育在边、心滩上，有时天然堤上也有发育。它们的发育深刻地影响和改造了边、心滩的沉积景观。冰成滑塌构造是一种在沉积物从冰冻状态转向冰成状态发育的一种特殊构造，其运动学特点是以滑，即以水平运动为主，冰成滑塌构造多呈鳞片状或皱褶状。鳞片状者直径多在数十厘米；“鳞片”厚度多在十厘米左右，多由数个到十余个鳞片组成。其底界是冰冻界面；皱褶状者规模甚小，每一皱褶的宽度一般宽在一厘米以内，长十到二、三十厘 米，厚二、三厘米。多由数十个微型滑塌组合成一褶皱片。在天然堤内缘有一种特殊的冰成滑塌，它们使天然堤边缘呈阶步状或沟渠状，非常引人注目。冰成塌陷构造也是一种由冰层融化所形成的特殊构造，其运动学特点是“塌”，即以垂直运动为主。冰成塌陷构造多呈多角形坑洞状。直径多在数十厘米到一、二米，大者可达十余米，深度多在十余厘米。一般成群发育。     

Multi-episode fluid boiling in the Shizishan copper-gold deposit at Tongling, Anhui Province: its bearing on ore formation

The Shizishan copper-gold deposit at Tongling, Anhui Province consists of two magmato-hydrothermal mineralization types: the crypto-explosive breccia type and the skarn type. At least four episodes of boiling occurred to the ore-forming fluids in this deposit. The first episode took place in accompany with the formation of the crypto-explosive breccias. The melt-fluid inclusions giving temperatures above 600℃ and salinities higher than 42% NaCl equiv represent a residual magma related to this episode. The second episode occurred during skarnization, giving fluid temperatures of 422℃-472℃, averaging 458℃, and salinities of 10.2%-45.1% NaCl equiv. The third episode corresponds to the main mineralization stage, i.e., the quartz-sulphide stage. Fluid temperatures of this episode vary in a range of 337℃-439℃ with an average of 390℃, and salinities in a range of 3%-30% NaCl equiv. The forth episode happened at the waning stage of mineralization, giving fluid temperatures below 350℃ with an average of 265℃ and salinities of 2.1%-40.4% NaCl equiv.     

Kinetic Modeling of Diagenesis of Eogene Lacustrine Sandstone Reservoirs in the Jianghan Basin,Southeastern China

In the Tuoshi oilfield,located in the Cenozoic Jianghan Basin of southeastern China ,there have been found hydrocarbon reservoirs hosted in lacustrine sandstones of the Eogene Xingouzui Formation.The main diagenetic features identified in these sandstones include the dissolution of detrital K-feldspar and albite grains,the precipitation of quartz as overgrowths and /or cements ,and the precipitation and /or transformation of clay minerals.These diagenetic features were interpreted to have occurred in early,intermediate and late stages,based on the burial depth.The kinetics of fluid-mineral reactions and the concentrations of aqueous species au each stage of diagenesis were simulated numerically for these lacustrine sandstones,using a quasi-sta-tionary state approximation that incorporates simultaneous chemical reactions in a time-space continuum.During the early diagenetic stage,pore fluid was weakly acidic,which resulted in dissolution of K-feldspar and albite and,therefore,led to the release of K^ ,Na^ ,Al^3 and SiO2(aq) into the diagenetic fluid.The increased K^ ,Na^ ,Al^3 and SiO2(aq) concentrations in the diagenetic fluid caused the precipitation of quartz,kaolinite and illite.At the beginning of the intermediate diagenetic stage the concentration of H^ was built up due to the decomposition of organic matter,which was responsible for further dissolution of K-feldspar and albite and pre-cipitation of quartz,kaolinite,and illite.During the late diagenetic stage,the pore fluid was weakly alkaline,K-feldspar became stable and was precipitated with quartz and clay minerals.When the burial depth was greater than 3000 m,the pore fluids became supersaturated with respect to allbite,but undersaturated with respect to quartz,resulting in the precipitation of albite and the dissolution of quartz.The diagenetic reactions forecasted in the numerical modeling closely matched the diagenet-ic features identified by petrographic examination, and therefore,can help us to gain a better understanding of the diagenetic processes and associated porosity evolution in sandstone reservoirs.     

基于设计模式的面向对象制图综合软件

介绍了面向对象的技术以及设计模式思想在制图综合软件设计中的应用，在设计上使用工厂类的技术思想隐蔽地图数据的实现细节，使用算法类模板抽象了综合流程，使用函数类策略隐蔽地图综合步骤的实现细节，降低了地图数据处理与制图综合具体算法之间的耦合度，使该系统对于综合过程具有较高层次的抽象，具有高度的易扩充性和安全性。     

GIS辅助下的环青海湖地区草地蝗虫生境分类研究

草地蝗虫是危害中国广大草原地区的主要昆虫之一,针对草地蝗虫的生态特征,实现草地蝗虫生境类型的划分,是草地蝗灾管理迫切需要解决的课题之一.以环青海湖地区为例,使用TM影像数据和DEM,草地类型图等地理辅助数据,以及GPS定位的野外调查资料,从遥感图像处理/地理数据/专家知识一体化的角度出发,应用基于知识的方法进行环青海湖地区草地蝗虫生境类型的分类研究,其分类总精度为84.23%.研究表明,克氏针茅草原,芨芨草草原,紫花针茅草源是草地蝗虫多发的生境类型.占整个研究区总面积的29.09%,这为进一步加强环青海湖地区草地蝗虫的管理提供科学依据.     

东天山喀尔力克康古尔塔格组火山岩特征

准噶尔板块南缘喀尔力克古生代岛弧带内的中泥盆世火山活动较为频繁,喷发韵律主要为溢流-沉积及爆发-沉积,每次火山活动后均有停歇间断,间歇期沉积火山碎屑沉积岩和正常沉积岩.爆发相中岩石出现较多的熔结凝灰岩,沉积相中出现植物化石,是陆相火山-沉积体系的特点.火山喷发系数由西向东为61.94%~30%,其中具溢流相岩石减少,爆发岩相增多的演变特点,根据岩石化学、地球化学特征综合分析研究,反映火山活动具陆缘弧构造环境的特征.除上述火山岩相外,还存在古火山机构——火山颈相的岩石,具中心式火山喷发的特点.