井-孔联合微震技术在工作面底板破坏深度监测中的应用

准确预测底板采动破坏深度是承压水上采煤底板水害防治中的一个关键问题,对于防治水方案的制定至关重要。根据山西保德煤矿的地质特征与工作面布置特点,采用高精度井-孔联合微震监测技术,对81307工作面底板破坏深度开展实时监测。利用锤击方法,标定了定位参数,验证了定位精度,确保微震监测系统的定位精度能够满足防治水要求,监测期间工作面回采600 m。监测结果表明:底板破坏深度为30 m,其中在81308二号回风巷下方破坏较深,81307一号回风巷下方破坏只有15 m,工作面超前破坏距离为25 m,监测结果与相邻81306工作面利用压水试验测量的底板破坏深度基本一致。研究表明,井-孔联合微震监测技术可以获得工作面底板破坏深度及其空间分布特征,更好地为煤矿防治水服务。      

秦巴山区地质灾害发育规律研究——以镇巴县幅为例

以镇巴县幅为例,通过现场地质灾害调查、无人机航拍、室内遥感解译的方法,统计斜坡地质灾害的分布与地貌、坡度、坡向、斜坡结构类型、水系与公路的相关性,得出以下结论：1）斜坡灾害发育与地貌紧密相关,低山区与中山区斜坡地质灾害占灾害总数的96.97%.2）斜坡灾害主要分布在20～40°坡度区间内,灾害数目占总斜坡灾害数目的75.76%.3）41%的斜坡灾害分布在东、西两个方向斜坡上.4）顺向坡最易发育地质灾害,顺向坡地质灾害数量占总数的33%.5）河流对地质灾害有很强的控制作用,45.45%的地质灾害发生在距河流200 m范围内.6）研究区内斜坡灾害与人类工程活动特别是修建公路有很强的相关性,公路两侧50 m范围内发育斜坡灾害数量占总数的55.56%.结合研究区地质灾害发育规律及遥感影像特征,总结出一套适用于陕南秦巴山区的斜坡灾害识别方法,可为防灾减灾及灾害识别提供技术支持.     

贵州万人洞金矿电性特征及金矿找矿规律研究

为探索万人洞金矿与物探电性特征之间的规律,拓宽万人洞金矿找矿思路,通过介绍万人洞金矿区地质、物性特征及可控源音频大地电磁测深法(controlled source audio magnetotelluric method,CSAMT)工作原理,利用CSAMT及物性测量方法,对万人洞金矿区电性结构特征进行综合研究,查明了研究区与金矿相关的地质体、构造、矿化蚀变等空间分布特征,总结出金矿物探找矿规律: 金矿产出部位位于物探低阻异常带,或高、低阻过渡渐变带上,经后期钻孔验证,方法有效可靠。研究成果为万人洞金矿区或相关矿区金矿找矿提供物探方案。     

Discrete Element Modeling of Tangjiagou Two-Branch Rock Avalanche Triggered by the 2013 Lushan MW6.6 Earthquake, China

Two branches of Tangjiagou rock avalanche were triggered by Lushan earthquake in Sichuan Province, China on April 20^th, 2013. The rock avalanche has transported about 1 500 000 m³ of sandstone from the source area. Based on discrete element modeling, this study simulates the deformation, failure and movement process of the rock avalanche. Under seismic loading, the mechanism and process of deformation, failure, and runout of the two branches are similar. In detail, the stress concentration occur firstly on the top of the mountain ridge, and accordingly, the tensile deformation appears. With the increase of seismic loading, the strain concentration zone extends in the forward and backward directions along the slipping surface, forming a locking segment. As a result, the slipping surface penetrates and the slide mass begin to slide down with high speed. Finally, the avalanche accumulates in the downstream and forms a small barrier lake. Modeling shows that a number of rocks on the surface exhibit patterns of horizontal throwing and vertical jumping under strong ground shaking. We suggest that the movement of the rock avalanche is a complicated process with multiple stages, including formation of the two branches, high-speed sliding, transformation into debris flows, further movement and collision, accumulation, and the final steady state. Topographic amplification effects are also revealed based on acceleration and velocity of special monitoring points. The horizontal and vertical runout distances of the surface materials are much greater than those of the internal materials. Besides, the sliding duration is also longer than that of the internal rock mass.