大地电磁测深数据处理——4元素和6元素阻抗张量元素的比较研究(英文)

阻抗张量元素的计算是在大地电磁测深数据处理的重要一步。按照常规,阻抗张量被定义为以Zxx,Zxy,Zyx,和Zyy为元素的2×2矩阵。在本次研究中,6个元素的阻抗张量的计算使用了一个含有Zxx,Zxy,Zyx,Zyy,Zxz和Zyz分量的2x3矩阵。对上述两类阻抗张量元素的属性进行了分析。利用由印度古吉拉特邦卡奇沉积盆地采集的5个分量大地电磁数据测试了文中的方法。从视电阻率和相位的计算中我们是观察到在大部分的频带范围内4个元素阻抗和6个元素阻抗Zxy和Zyx两类元素区别不大。然而,较长周期时间的数据,如超过100秒,观察到视电阻率的增加和相位的减少。我们还注意到,倾子幅度在大部分时间几乎是零,但较长周期(超过100秒),逐渐呈增加的趋势。卡奇沉积盆地的地电断面表明在较长的周期内浅层近水平层和深层异常高电导性的不均质层都可能是引起大的Hz分量的原因。这表明,磁场垂直分量Hz对在大的2D/3D结构区域内的电场参数估计发挥的重要作用。     

Investigation of effect of near-fault motions on substandard bridge structures

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of near-fault ground motions on substandard bridge columns and piers. To accomplish these goals, several large scale reinforced concrete models were constructed and tested on a shake table using near- and far-field ground motion records. Because the input earthquakes for the test models had different characteristics, three different measures were used to evaluate the effect of the input earthquake. These measures are peak shake table acceleration, spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the test specimens, and the specimen drift ratios. For each measure, force-displacement relationships, strains, curvatures, drift ratios, and visual damage were evaluated. Results showed that regardless of the measure of input or response, the near-fault record generally led to larger strains, curvatures, and drift ratios. Furthermore, residual displacements were small compared to those for columns meeting current seismic code requirements.     

利用反射地震数据和XBT数据联合反演海水的温盐分布

利用地震数据反演海水的温盐分布是地震海洋学研究的一个重要方向.本文分析了采集于伊比利亚半岛西南缘海域的GOLR12低频地震数据和同步观测的XBT(eXpendable BathyThermograph)、CTD(Conductivity-Temperature-Depth)资料,将叠后约束波阻抗反演方法应用到海水温度、盐度剖面的计算当中,计算结果显示这种反演方法可以提供水平分辨率为6.25 m的温度和盐度资料,温度的精度约为0.16 ℃,可以为物理海洋学研究提供高横向分辨率的基础数据.     

Early microbial biofilm formation on marine plastic debris

An important aspect of the global problem of plastic debris pollution is plastic buoyancy. There is some evidence that buoyancy is influenced by attached biofilms but as yet this is poorly understood. We submerged polyethylene plastic in seawater and sampled weekly for 3 weeks in order to study early stage processes. Microbial biofilms developed rapidly on the plastic and coincided with significant changes in the physicochemical properties of the plastic. Submerged plastic became less hydrophobic and more neutrally buoyant during the experiment. Bacteria readily colonised the plastic but there was no indication that plastic-degrading microorganisms were present. This study contributes to improved understanding of the fate of plastic debris in the marine environment.     

Recovery from the impact of light reduction on the seagrass Amphibolis griffithii, insights for dredging management

A large-scale, manipulative experiment was conducted to examine the extent and rate of recovery of meadows of the temperate Australian seagrass, Amphibolis griffithii to different light-reduction scenarios typical of dredging operations, and to identify potential indicators of recovery from light reduction stress. Shade cloth was used to mimic different intensities, durations and start times of light reduction, and then was removed to assess the recovery. The meadow could recover from 3 months of light stress (5-18% ambient) following 10 months re-exposure to ambient light, even when up to 72% of leaf biomass was lost, much faster recovery rates than has previously been observed for large seagrasses. However, when the meadow had been shaded for 6-9 months and more than 82% of leaf biomass was lost, no recovery was detected up to 23 months after the light stress had ceased, consistent with other studies. Five potential indicators of recovery were recommended.     

A large excess of 210Po in the overlying water of the Zhubi Coral Reef flat, in the South China Sea

The temporal variability of ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb was examined in the overlying water of the Zhubi Coral Reef flat to detect nutrient-like behavior of ²¹⁰Po. Different mechanisms influencing their geochemical behaviors were observed. Excess ²¹⁰Po relative to ²¹⁰Pb revealed an additional input of ²¹⁰Po other than in situ production from ²¹⁰Pb. The ²¹⁰Po input comes from the reef flat sediment through diffusion. The diffusion contributes 62% of the total ²¹⁰Po. This diffusion of ²¹⁰Po directly highlights its nutrient-like behavior. No input, but the slight removal, of ²¹⁰Pb was observed. Fractionation factors indicate that particulate matter prefers to adsorb ²¹⁰Po rather than ²¹⁰Pb. In combination with particulate composition, ²¹⁰Po diffusion was closely related to organic matter. These results reveal that ²¹⁰Po might be a potential tracer for quantifying nutrient recycling in the Coral Reef system.     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿区成矿斑岩的岩浆混合作用:石英及长石斑晶新证据

西藏甲玛矿区斑岩内石英和长石斑晶的阴极发光(CL)特征及元素含量变化有效记录了岩浆演化、混合及补给事件.石英斑晶的显微生长结构表明,原始岩浆经历过2次铁镁质岩浆混合作用.根据石英斑晶中Ti含量的变化可知,在2次溶蚀前后,石英结晶温度分别增高了约110℃和80℃.此外,斜长石斑晶的反环带及其Ba、Sr、Fe等元素的浓度梯...     

Copper isotope fractionation during surface adsorption and intracellular incorporation by bacteria

Copper isotopes may prove to be a useful tool for investigating bacteria-metal interactions recorded in natural waters, soils, and rocks. However, experimental data which attempt to constrain Cu isotope fractionation in biologic systems are limited and unclear. In this study, we utilized Cu isotopes (δ⁶⁵Cu) to investigate Cu-bacteria interactions, including surface adsorption and intracellular incorporation. Experiments were conducted with individual representative species of Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, as well as with wild-type consortia of microorganisms from several natural environments. Ph-dependent adsorption experiments were conducted with live and dead cells over the pH range 2.5-6. Surface adsorption experiments of Cu onto live bacterial cells resulted in apparent separation factors (Δ⁶⁵Cu_{solution-solid} = δ⁶⁵Cu_solution − δ⁶⁵Cu_solid) ranging from +0.3‰ to +1.4‰ for B. subtilis and +0.2‰ to +2.6‰ for E. coli. However, because heat-killed bacterial cells did not exhibit this behavior, the preference of the lighter Cu isotope by the cells is probably not related to reversible surface adsorption, but instead is a metabolically-driven phenomenon. Adsorption experiments with heat-killed cells yielded apparent separation factors ranging from +0.3‰ to −0.69‰ which likely reflects fractionation from complexation with organic acid surface functional group sites. For intracellular incorporation experiments the lab strains and natural consortia preferentially incorporated the lighter Cu isotope with an apparent Δ⁶⁵Cu_{solution-solid} ranging from ∼+1.0‰ to +4.4‰. Our results indicate that live bacterial cells preferentially sequester the lighter Cu isotope regardless of the experimental conditions. The fractionation mechanisms involved are likely related to active cellular transport and regulation, including the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I). Because similar intracellular Cu machinery is shared by fungi, plants, and higher organisms, the influence of biological processes on the δ⁶⁵Cu of natural waters and soils is probably considerable.     

Comparison of Results of Recent Seismic Profiles with Tectonic Models of the North China Craton

The geometry and timing of amalgamation of the North China craton(NCC) have been controversial,with three main models with significantly different interpretations of regional structure,geochronology,and geological relationships.The model of Zhao G C et al.suggests that the eastern and western blocks of the NCC formed separately in the Archean,and an active margin was developed on the eastern block between 2.5 and 1.85 Ga,when the two blocks collided above an east dipping subduc-tion zone.The model of Kusky ...