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91.
针对植被对近景摄影测量自动滑坡监测影响严重的问题,提出了一种基于纹理特征和朴素贝叶斯分类器的滑坡植被区域检测算法。对算法的有效性、影像对比度拉伸以及样本训练通用性对检测植被区域的效果等若干问题进行了实验探讨。通过与基于视觉认知特征的检测方法比较,验证了本算法的实用性和有效性。实验结果表明,本文算法能够很好地检测出近景影像中的植被区域,结果比较满意。 相似文献
92.
介绍利用AutoCAD Civil 3D进行道路建模的过程,并将Civil 3D道路模型导入到3ds Max Design中作进一步加工,从而进一步获取道路的三维景观模型. 相似文献
93.
Fine assessment of tropical cyclone disasters based on GIS and SVM in Zhejiang Province, China 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Tropical cyclones represent major natural disasters in low- and mid-latitude coastal areas. Effective assessment of tropical cyclone disasters provides a scientific reference for the formulation of tropical cyclone prevention and disaster-relief measures. Tropical cyclone disasters in Zhejiang Province are mainly studied based on GIS technology, by considering disaster-causing factors, disaster-affected bodies, the disaster-formative environment, and spatial distribution of disaster prevention and relief capacity. In light of an uncertain nonlinear relationship between assessment factors and disaster factors, we used support vector machines to establish a fine, quantitative assessment model. This model evaluates the following disaster indices: Disaster-affected population, direct economic loss, affected crop area, and number of damaged houses resulting from a tropical cyclone disaster in Zhejiang, with the county as basic assessment unit. Assessment of tropical cyclone No. 0908 shows that the developed assessment model is able to accurately evaluate the geographical distribution of losses caused by a tropical cyclone. 相似文献
94.
Tropical cyclones are the most common natural disasters in coastal regions and are the most costly in terms of economic losses.
Economic loss assessment is the basis for disaster prevention and alleviation and for insurance indemnification. We use data
from 1970 to 2008 for Zhejiang Province, China, in this study evaluating economic losses. We convert direct economic losses
from tropical cyclone disasters in Zhejiang Province into indices of direct economic losses. To establish our assessment model,
we process disaster-inducing assessment factors, disaster-formative environments and disaster-affected bodies using the principal
component analysis method, and we abstract the principal component as the input of a BP neural network model. We found in
the actual assessments of five tropical cyclones affecting Zhejiang Province in 2007 and 2008 that the post-disaster loss
assessment values of tropical cyclones were higher than the actual losses, but that for more severe storms, the gap was smaller.
This reflects the beneficial effect of efforts toward disaster prevention and alleviation for severe tropical cyclones. Pre-assessments
based on relatively accurate forecast values of wind and precipitation at the start of a tropical cyclone have been in accordance
with the post-disaster assessment values, while the pre-assessment results using less accurate forecast values have been unsatisfactory.
Therefore, this model can be applied in the actual assessment of direct economic loss from tropical cyclone damage, but increasingly
accurate forecasting of wind and precipitation remains crucial to improving the accuracy of pre-assessments. 相似文献
95.
Pei Sun Loh Chen-Tung Arthur ChenGusti Z. Anshari Jough-Tai WangJiann-Yuh Lou Shu-Lun Wang 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2012,43(1):118-129
In this first study of lignin geochemistry in the world’s longest river on an island, surface sediments were collected along the Kapuas River, three lakes in the upper river, a tributary in the lower river and a separate river during June-July 2007 and December 2007-January 2008. The samples were analyzed for lignin-derived phenols and bulk elemental and stable carbon isotope compositions. Λ values (the sum of eight lignin phenols, expressed as mg/100 mg organic carbon (OC)) ranged from 0.13 to 3.70. Ratios of syringyl/vanillyl (S/V) and cinnamyl/vanillyl (C/V) ranged from 0.34 to 1.18 and 0.28 to 1.40, respectively, indicating the presence of non-woody angiosperm tissues. The high vanillic acid to vanillin (Ad/Al)v (0.71-2.01) and syringic acid to syringaldehyde (Ad/Al)s (0.72-2.12) ratios indicate highly degraded lignin materials. In the upper Kapuas River, highly degraded soil materials discharged from lands that were barren as a result of deforestation activities were detected in the locations directly in those vicinities. The middle Kapuas River showed rapid organic matter degradation, probably due to the presence of fresh terrestrial and phytoplankton organic matter fueling the biogeochemical cycling. The Kapuas Kecil River, one of the two branches in the lower reach of the Kapuas River, showed higher levels and diagenesis of sedimentary organic matter due to input from anthropogenic sources and increased marine organic matter near the mouth. This study shows that different stretches along the river exhibit different levels and composition of sedimentary organic matter, as well as different carbon dynamics, which is directly attributable to the varying landscapes and quality of organic matter. 相似文献
96.
经过15年时间我们发展出一套技术,即利用钻孔井壁的非致命性破裂,包括压性破裂、钻探诱发的张性破裂以及与切穿井孔断层的滑动有关的应力扰动观测值,来确定任意向井和钻孔中的全应力张量。这些技术已延伸应用到石油工业中,也应用到矿山开采的钻孔岩芯取样中,以取得开采区周围应力集中影响的区域内外的应力状态。条件允许时,可用水压致裂法估计最小主应力值,但不能估计最大水平主应力值。作者在文中先回顾了这套方法的概念,然后对两个复杂实例进行了研究。第1个实例涉及到圣安德烈斯断层深部观测站(San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth,SAFOD)计划第1阶段钻探应力状态的确定,SAFOD计划是一个钻穿加州中部圣安德烈斯断层的科学钻井计划。第2个实例涉及到确定南非一个极深矿周围的地壳应力状态。这些研究表明,在相当大的深度范围内,斜井钻孔破裂观测值与应力大小和方向是一致的。 相似文献
97.
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99.
Jay Parker Gregory Lyzenga Charles Norton Cinzia Zuffada Margaret Glasscoe John Lou Andrea Donnellan 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(3-4):497-521
GeoFEST (Geophysical Finite Element Simulation Tool) is a two- and three-dimensional finite element software package for the modeling of solid stress and strain in geophysical and other continuum domain applications. It is one of the featured high-performance applications of the NASA QuakeSim project. The program is targeted to be compiled and run on UNIX systems, and is running on diverse systems including sequential and message-passing parallel systems. Solution to the elliptical partial differential equations is obtained by finite element basis sampling, resulting in a sparse linear system primarily solved by conjugate gradient iteration to a tolerance level; on sequential systems a Crout factorization for the direct inversion of the linear system is also supported. The physics models supported include isotropic linear elasticity and both Newtonian and power-law viscoelasticity, via implicit quasi-static time stepping. In addition to triangular, quadrilateral, tetrahedral and hexahedral continuum elements, GeoFEST supports split-node faulting, body forces, and surface tractions. This software and related mesh refinement strategies have been validated on a variety of test cases with rigorous comparison to analytical solutions. These include a box-shaped domain with imposed motion on one surface, a pair of strike slip faults in stepover arrangement, and two community-agreed benchmark cases: a strike slip fault in an enclosing box, and a quarter-domain circular fault problem. Scientific applications of the code include the modeling of static and transient co- and post-seismic earth deformation, Earth response to glacial, atmospheric and hydrological loading, and other scenarios involving the bulk deformation of geologic media. 相似文献
100.