Examination of the structural characteristics arising in gypsums by the GPR and MASW methods (Sivas,Turkey)

This study was performed at an area of 50?×?48 m² being defined as a new settlement in the northeast of Sivas. In the study, the discontinuities that are not deep and their geophysical characteristics were examined by the GPR and MASW methods. For interpretation, GPR cross sections were prepared as 2D–3D, and MASW cross sections were prepared as 2D. As for geophysical cross sections, about 10 m depth was examined. It was understood that the reflections observed in the form of hyperbolas in GPR cross sections correspond to areas having low S wave velocity (V_s) in MASW cross sections. It was understood that the S wave velocities are lower than 653 m/s, that the seismic velocities in between 653 and 275 m/s indicate partially deteriorated areas and that the S wave velocities of unweathered gypsums are higher than 1275 m/s at these low-velocity zones. Thus, it was thought that the fill material that may arise in the fracture, crack and deterioration areas arises from intercalation and clastic gypsum units, and that it plays a role in having low value S wave velocities. In all the geophysical cross sections, it was understood that the structures with gypsum are intense at the initial 5 m. And a fracture at the south of the study area, that it was estimated might be longer than 40 m, was determined as the largest gypsum structure. It was understood that this fracture starts from a depth of about 5 m in the west and that it slopes down to 7 m depth in the east. According to these results, it was understood that the damage amount arising in time in the gypsum structures from the effect of water may increase, the study area was defined as risky, and the required importance should be attached to these structures especially in foundation engineering.     

准中1区三工河组二段低孔渗储层特征及主控因素

通过岩芯观察、测井和录井资料、铸体薄片观察,研究准中1区三工河组二段储层特征及致密化因素。研究表明,储层砂体发育于水下分流河道、河口砂坝和远沙坝;储集岩以长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩为主;储集空间以次生溶孔为主,含少量原生孔隙,为孔缝型储层。储层受原生沉积相和后生成岩作用改造的双重控制。强烈的压实作用、钙质胶结是导致储层致密的主要因素,后期深埋溶蚀则是储层得以改造的关键控制因素。优质储层主要发育于水下分流河道,表现为粗粒、弱压实、弱钙质胶结、强溶蚀微观特征。     

A location-aware GIServices quality prediction model via collaborative filtering

The quality of GIServices (QoGIS) is an important consideration for services sharing and interoperation. However, QoGIS is a complex concept and difficult to be evaluated reasonably. Most of the current studies have focused on static and non-scalable evaluation methods but have ignored location sensitivity subsequently resulting in the inaccurate QoGIS values. For intensive geodata and computation, GIServices are more sensitive to the location factor than general services. This paper proposes a location-aware GIServices quality prediction model via collaborative filtering (LAGCF). The model uses a mixed CF method based on time zone feature from the perspectives of both user and GIServices. Time zone is taken as the location factor and mapped into the prediction process. A time zone-adjusted Pearson correlation coefficient algorithm was designed to measure the similarity between the GIServices and the target, helping to identify highly similar GIServices. By adopting a coefficient of confidence in the final generation phase, the value of the QoGIS most similar to the target services will play a dominant role in the comprehensive result. Two series of experiments on large-scale QoGIS data were implemented to verify the effectivity of LAGCF. The results showed that LAGCF can improve the accuracy of QoGIS prediction significantly.     

针对星敏感器非线性畸变的非参数化在轨检校方法

为了对星敏感器的非线性畸变进行在轨检校,本文提出了一种非参数化的检校方法,该方法以B样条格网的形式表达非线性畸变,不需要预先估计一个参数化的畸变模型,从而可以处理任何形式的畸变。针对星敏感器不同模式畸变的仿真实验表明,本文提出的方法有效、可靠并且具有鲁棒性。     

浅谈地理国情普查项目中控制点库的制作

数字正射影像数据是地理国情普查中主要的调查数据源,同时也是普查成果数据的重要组成部分。而控制点作为数字正射影像制作的基础数据也是普查成果中必不可少的一部分。本文就国情普查成果中影像控制点的采集与整理进行了探讨。     

我国近五年GIS研究状况分析——基于CiteSpace计量分析

检索了CNKI期刊数据库中18种地理信息系统(GIS)相关学术期刊,从中选取2011—2015年间与GIS相关的421篇高被引论文作为研究对象,运用文献计量方法并借助信息可视化软件CiteSpace探讨我国这5年来GIS发展的研究热点、前沿方向以及期刊、作者、研究区域和研究机构的分布特点,为我国GIS领域的研究方向和研究思路提供借鉴和参考。结果表明:空间格局、空间分布、遥感、空间分析、移动GIS、WebGIS、三维GIS和土地利用是GIS研究的热点方向;云南、江西、广西、青海、西藏、宁夏等冷门区域的研究价值有待挖掘;大数据方面的研究兴起于2014年,已然成为GIS研究的前沿方向。     

钙同位素地球化学研究新进展及其在碳酸岩-共生硅酸盐研究中的应用

作为"非传统稳定同位素"家族成员,钙同位素正受到国际地学界日益广泛的关注.钙是主要的造岩元素,也是生物必需的元素.钙在地球各圈层广泛分布,研究钙同位素的地球化学行为将有助于提高我们对各种生物过程和地质过程的认识.钙同位素测定主要采用热电离质谱仪(TIMS)和多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS),分别表示为δ44/40 Ca和δ44/42Ca.目前自然界可观测到的δ44/40Ca变化范围为-2.0‰～6.75‰,约8.7‰.本文系统介绍了近年来钙同位素分析中样品溶解、化学分离、质谱测定以及高温地质过程中的钙同位素分馏及其地质应用等方面的研究成果,尤其对钙同位素在碳酸岩-共生硅酸盐岩研究中的意义、钙同位素组成以及取得的主要认识作了较为全面的介绍.阐述了放射成因40 Ca、部分熔融作用/分离结晶作用、地壳同化作用、古俯冲碳酸盐循环、热液蚀变作用、岩浆起源深度等对碳酸岩、硅酸盐岩的钙同位素组成造成的影响.最后,通过系统对比碳酸岩-共生硅酸盐岩的锂、镁、钙同位素研究成果,认为应该开展多元同位素体系的联合示踪.由于不同同位素体系存在相似性和差异性,而多元同位索体系相结合能有效地加强优势互补,将是同位素地球化学研究发展的一种必然趋势.     

东北地区冬半年积雪与气温对冻土的影响

利用东北地区121个气象站逐日冻土深度、积雪深度、平均气温、地表平均气温及降水量数据,分析了1964—2017年冬半年冻土的变化特征及气象要素对冻土的影响。结果表明：东北地区积雪深度、平均气温、地表平均气温与冻土深度相关系数较高,降水量相关性不大。20世纪60年代平均气温、地表平均气温及负积温最低,最大冻土深度为历年代最深;随着气候变暖,最大冻土深度以6.15 cm?（10a）^-1的速率显著减小。冬半年平均最大冻土深度为123 cm,呈显著纬向分布,自辽东半岛向大兴安岭北部递增;随纬度和海拔高度的增加,平均气温和地表平均气温降低,负积温增加,且由北向南地气温差增大。最大冻土深度全区有90%以上的站点减少,减少速率以0.1~10 cm?（10a）^-1为主。冻土持续时间随纬度升高而增加,月最大冻土深度和积雪深度最大值分别出现在3月和1月,最大冻土深度的增加要滞后于积雪深度的增加。由于积雪对地温的保温作用,积雪深度较浅时,冻土深度增加较明显,随着积雪深度的增加,冻土深度变化较小,积雪对冻土起到了保温的作用。对于高纬度地区站点,30 cm左右为积雪的保温界限值;对于沿海站点,积雪保温的界限值在5 cm左右;在相同地形下,冻土深度较浅区域积雪的保温值因海拔高度、气候特点而异。最大冻土深度对地表平均气温升温的响应更为显著,地表平均气温和平均气温每升高1 ℃,最大冻土深度将减小8.4 cm和10.6 cm,负积温每减少100 ℃?d,最大冻土深度减少4.9 cm。