Geochemical－Sequence Stratigraphy and Its Application Prospects in Lake Basins

As a useful approach for hydrocarbon exploration,the sequence stratigraphy has been commonly accepted.The concepts of sequence and parasequence provide a state-of -the-artframe-work for studying the distribution and characters of depositional system,and analyzing the occurrence,distribution,characteristics of source,reservoir and seal-play elements.The newly-developed geochemical -sequence stratigraphy focuses mainly on the occurrence,distribution and characters of source rocks and reservoir hydrocarbons within a chronostratigraphic framework,Integrated with sequence wtratigraphy,geochemistry can be used to study the surce rock potential within a sequence wtratigraphic framework and to describe the characteristics of hydrocarbons accumulated in reservoirs,which were predicted by way of sequence stratigraphy.The concept of geochemical-sequence wtratigraphy was proposed by Peters et al.(2000).Constructing a reliable sequence stratigraphic framework is the basis of geochemical-sequence wtratigraphic study although it is not the main goal.High-resolution biomarker analysis is critrical to the construction of a geochemical-sequence stratigraphic model.The geochemical-stratigraphic study involves mainly:(1) the distribution and geochemical characteristics of source rocks with relative sea (lake)-level change;(3) to prodict if these reservoirs bear hydrocarbons and their geochemical features;(4) to be used to construct the time-stratigraphic framework.This paper also summarizes the lake basin types,and introduces their facies associatons,source potential and organic geochemical features.At the end,the authors offer some suggestions about how to carry out geochemical-sequence stratigraphic study in ladcustrine strata.     

大糙率珊瑚礁附近规则波非线性特征实验研究

通过波浪水槽实验对大糙率礁面存在下珊瑚礁海岸附近规则波非线性特征参数(偏度、不对称度和厄塞尔数)的变化规律进行了研究。实验采用圆柱体阵列来模拟礁面的粗糙度,测试了一系列规则波工况。结果表明:偏度、不对称度和厄塞尔数的幅值分别在珊瑚礁破碎带结束位置、破碎带内和破碎带开始位置达到最大。3个参数的幅值均随着入射波波高的增大而增大;偏度值随着波浪周期的增大而减小,不对称度幅值和厄塞尔数随着周期的增大而增大;偏度值随着礁坪水深的增大而增大,不对称度幅值和厄塞尔数随着礁坪水深的增大而减小。深水厄塞尔数可以用来描述礁坪上波浪非线性参数的变化,最后给出了用其预测礁坪上3个非线性特征参数的经验关系式。     

油藏地球化学在勘探中的研究进展及应用:以北部湾盆地福山凹陷为例

基于成熟度梯度和油气运移地色层分馏效应原理,油藏地球化学研究可示踪油气运移方向、优势充注路径、潜在烃源灶方位,从而定位"卫星"油气藏,直接指导油气勘探工作。目前示踪标志物已从传统的咔唑类含氮化合物和甾萜类生物标志化合物发展到含硫和含氧杂原子多环芳烃化合物。南海北部边缘北部湾盆地福山凹陷早期油藏地球化学研究结果表明,位于凹陷中部构造带的花场次凸已发现石油主要来自位于其北东方向的白莲次凹烃源灶,并预测位于花场次凸东部的花东、白莲构造带及凸起往白莲次凹的上游方向最有利的勘探目标区,并得到油气勘探发现和后期的油藏地球化学研究结果证实。精细的示踪参数值等值线图不但确定了油气运移的方向,也预测了优势的充注路径,可直接指导勘探部署。     

Geochemical characteristics and oil family classification of crude oils from the Markit Slope in the southwest of the Tarim Basin,Northwest China

Based on the chromatograms of oils and saturated hydrocarbons, biomarkers and stable carbon isotope analyses, the geochemical characteristics and oil family Classification of crude oils from the Markit Slope in the southwest of the Tarim Basin were investigated. The results showed that crude oils from the Markit Slope are divided into two oil family Classification. Oils collected from the Bashituo oilfield in the western part of the Markit Slope are characterized by high contents of tricyclic terpanes, pregnane, and homopregnane, low contents of garmmacerane (G/H<0.20), dibenzofuran, and methyl cyclohexane, and light stable carbon isotopic values (the δ13C values of satu-rated hydrocarbons and aromatic components are less than -34‰ and -32‰, respectively), with the distribution type of steranes being C27>>C28 -32‰ and -30.6‰, respectively), with the distribution type of steranes being C27>C28<相似文献   

扬子区新元古代"雪球"时期古环境的分子地球化学证据

本文对采自中国南方典型剖面新元古界-下寒武统的43块岩样,包括16块冰期沉积物样品,进行了有机碳、镜质组反射率测定及可溶有机质饱和烃色谱和色谱-质谱等常规有机地球化学分析.结果显示,冰期沉积物有机碳含量比非冰期要低1～2个数量级,表明冰期海洋中仍具有一定的生物产率但严重降低,可能是由于"雪球"时期低的海水温度和冰雪覆盖严重影响了生物生存的原因.江口和南沱冰期沉积物中检测出一定量的来自叶绿素先驱物的姥鲛烷和植烷等类异戊二烯烃系列,表明"雪球"时期,扬子区古海水仍然存在微弱的透光带,局部地区没有完全被冰雪所覆盖,光合生物仍能进行一定的光合作用,在岩石中还发现了丰富的甾萜烷类生物标志化合物,也表明一些生物得以存活下来.与非冰期沉积物相比,冰期沉积物中老鲛烷+植烷绝对含量要低1～2个数量级,表明"雪球"时期的光合作用严重减弱.分子地球化学证据表明,"雪球"时期,扬子区的古海洋并没有完全被冰雪覆盖,局部地区仍存在无冰的水体,一些生物得以存活和演化.这些经受了环境重压熬过漫漫寒冬而存活下来的生物对其后的"寒武纪生物大爆发"具有重要的意义.     

The significance of 24-norcholestanes,triaromatic steroids and dinosteroids in oils and Cambrian–Ordovician source rocks from the cratonic region of the Tarim Basin,NW China

Two oil families in Ordovician reservoirs from the cratonic region of the Tarim Basin are distinguished by the distribution of regular steranes, triaromatic steroids, norcholestanes and dinosteroids. Oils with relatively lower contents of C₂₈ regular steranes, C₂₆ 20S, C₂₆ 20R + C₂₇ 20S and C₂₇ 20R regular triaromatic steroids, dinosteranes, 24-norcholestanes and triaromatic dinosteroids originated from Middle–Upper Ordovician source rocks. In contrast, oils with abnormally high abundances of the above compounds are derived from Cambrian and Lower Ordovician source rocks. Only a few oils have previously been reported to be of Cambrian and Lower Ordovician origin, especially in the east region of the Tarim Basin. This study further reports the discovery of oil accumulations of Cambrian and Lower Ordovician origin in the Tabei and Tazhong Uplifts, which indicates a potential for further discoveries involving Cambrian and Lower Ordovician sourced oils in the Tarim Basin. Dinosteroids in petroleum and ancient sediments are generally thought to be biomarkers for dinoflagellates and 24-norcholestanes for dinoflagellates and diatoms. Therefore, the abnormally high abundance of these compounds in extracts from the organic-rich sediments in the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician and related oils in the cratonic region of the Tarim Basin suggests that phytoplankton algae related to dinoflagellates have appeared and might have flourished in the Tarim Basin during the Cambrian Period. Steroids with less common structural configurations are underutilized and can expand understanding of the early development history of organisms, as well as define petroleum systems.     

The occurrence and distribution of phenylphenanthrenes,phenylanthracenes and binaphthyls in Palaeozoic to Cenozoic shales from China

The distributions of phenylphenanthrenes, phenylanthracenes and binaphthyls in sediment extracts have been investigated in a set of lacustrine shales from the Eocene Shahejie Formation (well SG 1) in the western Depression of Liaohe Basin, East China. All isomers of these phenyl substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been identified in the m/z 254 mass chromatograms by comparison of the mass spectra and standard retention indices with those published elsewhere. The 2,2′-binaphtyl/1,2′-binaphthyl ratio values show a linear increase with increasing maturity, and have a good correlation with T_max (°C). Therefore, they can be used as an effective maturity indictor for source rocks in this study. In the main phase of the oil generation window, the 3-phenylphenanthrene and 2-phenylphenanthrene prevail over other isomers, and some thermodynamically unstable isomers including all phenylanthracenes, 4-phenylphenanthrene and 1,1′-binaphthyl are present at very low concentrations or below the detection limit in the m/z 254 mass chromatograms. The absolute concentrations of individual phenylphenanthrene and binaphthyl isomers were obtained by comparison of the peak areas with that of internal standard phenanthrene-d10. All isomers are present at low concentrations at low maturity stages and then show an abrupt increase at a depth of ≈3100 m, corresponding to the onset of the intensive C₁₅₊ hydrocarbon generation. The Phenylphenanthrene Ratio (2- + 3-PhP)/[(2- + 3-PhP) + (4- + 1- + 9-PhP)] shows a reverse change with increasing maturity at the low maturity stage. It displays a drastic increase at a depth of ≈3100 m and then remains at a nearly constant value. This study can expand the understanding of the formation and distribution of phenyl substituted PAHs in sedimentary organic matter deposited in various environments.     

浙南龙泉地区晚侏罗世火山岩的厘定及成因探讨

浙江晚中生代大规模火山活动始于晚侏罗世还是早白垩世,长期以来存在争议。本文对浙南龙泉地区火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年,获得一批高精度的年代学数据,其SHRIMP锆石U-Pb和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄集中于163～145 Ma,确认浙江晚中生代火山活动始于晚侏罗世。地球化学特征和Sr-Nd同位素特征表明这套晚侏罗世火山岩具有高硅、高钾、低磷、贫铁镁的特征,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性岩石系列。由于晚中生代太平洋板块的俯冲作用,导致了下部地壳物质(基底变质岩)广泛熔融,形成了本区晚侏罗世火山岩浆活动。为了便于表达、对比,笔者建议新建"晚侏罗世黄茅尖群"地层单位。     

青海祁漫塔格成矿带骆驼峰铜钼矿床地质特征及成因探讨

骆驼峰铜钼矿床是祁漫塔格成矿带新发现的斑岩型铜钼矿床,位于柴达木盆地西南缘,区内出露地层主要为古元古界金水口岩群片麻岩类;岩浆岩以印支期花岗闪长岩类为主,花岗闪长岩为区内主要含矿岩性;构造以北东向张性断裂为主,为区内主要的控矿构造。区内地表及外围矿体以热液脉型铜多金属矿为主,深部矿体以斑岩型钼矿为主,总体形成以含钼斑岩体为中心的斑岩型钼矿,外围为热液脉型铜多金属矿的岩浆热液成矿系列,从地表向深部总体具绿泥石化—钾化—硅化+绢英岩化的矿化蚀变分带特征,初步建立了“上铜下钼”的成矿模式,今后的找矿思路是加强对斑岩体时空分布、成矿物质来源及成矿对比的研究,进一步建立找矿模型,为祁漫塔格地区乃至东昆仑地区铜钼多金属矿床的找矿拓宽思路。     

面向对象的GF-1卫星影像苹果树遥感提取研究-以山地丘陵地区的栖霞市为例

国产高分卫星1号（简称GF-1）可提供高空间分辨率遥感数据，这为实现精准农业提供良好的数据保障。但是，其在复杂地形作物遥感提取方面的适用性仍需要进一步探索和分析。因此，以山地丘陵地形为主的栖霞市为研究区，基于GF-1影像数据利用面向对象分类法提取苹果树的种植面积和空间分布信息。研究结果表明：引入植被覆盖度和坡度信息的面向对象决策树分类方法（简称优化分类方法）能够有效提高苹果种植面积的遥感提取精度为94.1%，生产精度和用户精度分别为87.3%和90.3%。相比于最大似然监督分类和无辅助信息的面向对象决策树分类方法，本研究的优化方法遥感提取面积精度分别提高了17.4%和0.3%，生产精度分别提高了10.1%和2.6%，用户精度分别提高了10.1%和2.8%。该研究成果以期为GF-1卫星数据在山地丘陵地区的果园信息遥感提取提供基本的技术支撑和实践经验。